Deletions in GRID2 lead to a recessive syndrome of cerebellar ataxia and tonic upgaze in humans.
Neurology
; 81(16): 1378-86, 2013 Oct 15.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24078737
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
To identify the genetic cause of a syndrome causing cerebellar ataxia and eye movement abnormalities.METHODS:
We identified 2 families with cerebellar ataxia, eye movement abnormalities, and global developmental delay. We performed genetic analyses including single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, linkage analysis, array comparative genomic hybridization, quantitative PCR, and Sanger sequencing. We obtained eye movement recordings of mutant mice deficient for the ortholog of the identified candidate gene, and performed immunohistochemistry using human and mouse brain specimens.RESULTS:
All affected individuals had ataxia, eye movement abnormalities, most notably tonic upgaze, and delayed speech and cognitive development. Homozygosity mapping identified the disease locus on chromosome 4q. Within this region, a homozygous deletion of GRID2 exon 4 in the index family and compound heterozygous deletions involving GRID2 exon 2 in the second family were identified. Grid2-deficient mice showed larger spontaneous and random eye movements compared to wild-type mice. In developing mouse and human cerebella, GRID2 localized to the Purkinje cell dendritic spines. Brain MRI in 2 affected children showed progressive cerebellar atrophy, which was more severe than that of Grid2-deficient mice.CONCLUSIONS:
Biallelic deletions of GRID2 lead to a syndrome of cerebellar ataxia and tonic upgaze in humans. The phenotypic resemblance and similarity in protein expression pattern between humans and mice suggest a conserved role for GRID2 in the synapse organization between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells. However, the progressive and severe cerebellar atrophy seen in the affected individuals could indicate an evolutionarily unique role for GRID2 in the human cerebellum.
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Trastornos de la Motilidad Ocular
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Ataxia Cerebelosa
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Receptores de Glutamato
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Adolescent
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Animals
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Child
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Child, preschool
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Female
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Humans
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Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Neurology
Año:
2013
Tipo del documento:
Article