Chemical Principles in Tissue Clearing and Staining Protocols for Whole-Body Cell Profiling.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol
; 32: 713-741, 2016 10 06.
Article
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| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-27298088
ABSTRACT
Mammalian bodies have more than a billion cells per cubic centimeter, which makes whole-body cell (WBC) profiling of an organism one of the ultimate challenges in biology and medicine. Recent advances in tissue-clearing technology have enabled rapid and comprehensive cellular analyses in whole organs and in the whole body by a combination of state-of-the-art technologies of optical imaging and image informatics. In this review, we focus mainly on the chemical principles in currently available techniques for tissue clearing and staining to facilitate our understanding of their underlying mechanisms. Tissue clearing is usually conducted by the following steps:
(a) fixation, (b) permeabilization, (c) decolorizing, and (d) refractive index (RI) matching. To phenotype individual cells after tissue clearing, it is important to visualize genetically encoded fluorescent reporters and/or to stain tissues with fluorescent dyes, fluorescent labeled antibodies, or nucleic acid probes. Although some technical challenges remain, the chemical principles in tissue clearing and staining for WBC profiling will enable various applications, such as identifying cellular circuits across multiple organs and measuring their dynamics in stochastic and proliferative cellular processes, for example, autoimmune and malignant neoplastic diseases.Palabras clave
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Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Coloración y Etiquetado
/
Células
/
Fijación del Tejido
Límite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol
Asunto de la revista:
BIOLOGIA
Año:
2016
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Japón