Facile and scalable carbon- and binder-free electrode materials for ultra-stable and highly improved Li-O2 batteries.

A carbon- and binder-free Ti@Ru material is synthesized through a facile and controllable strategy. A Ti@Ru based Li-O2 battery can effectively avoid the subsidiary reactions, and can be reversibly and continuously cycled for more than 500 cycles with an efficiency ca. 100%, exhibiting an ultra-cycling stability.