Bladder irrigation after transurethral resection of superficial bladder cancer: a systematic review of the literature.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The vast majority of bladder cancer is non-muscle invasive with transurethral resection (TURBT) as the gold standard for surgical treatment. There is a high recurrence of bladder cancer post surgery, which adds to the frustration in current urologic practice. Current standard of care to further reduce bladder cancer recurrence is instillation of intravesical chemotherapy (ICT), a practice that is not routinely followed. Several studies point to similar effects with normal saline or water irrigation alone. Our objective is to review the current available literature and provide practicing urologist with an alternative to ICT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search was performed through December 2017. Peer reviewed studies, which evaluated recurrence free survival (RFS) after bladder irrigation with saline or sterile water (SW) post-TURBT were included. Outcomes were analyzed in three groups ICT, saline and sterile water. RESULTS: Six studies out of 981, including 1515 patients, were eligible. There was no significant difference between ICT, saline and SW groups regarding to the median RFS at 1 year [ICT 81%, IQR (77.70, -81.00), SW 74%, IQR (63.3-74.9), saline 76.7% IQR (76.0, 77.7), p = 0.21]. While saline irrigation showed the highest median RFS among the groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups [ICT 70%, IQR (66.25, 73.75), SW 64.1%, IQR (63.05, 65.15), saline 73%, IQR (66.85, 74.50), p = 0.49]. Adverse events were more frequent amongst patients in the ICT group in comparison to the saline or water groups. CONCLUSION: Saline and sterile water irrigation provide an alternative to ICT with equivalent recurrence rate and lower incidence of adverse events.