Cancer in Africa 2018: The role of infections.
Int J Cancer
; 146(8): 2089-2103, 2020 04 15.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31254479
ABSTRACT
We estimate the fractions of cancer attributed to infections in Africa in 2018. The number of new cancer cases occurring was taken from Globocan2018 with some additional estimations based on data from African population-based registries. Population attributable fractions were calculated using prevalence of infection and relative risk in exposed vs. nonexposed. The greatest share of infection-associated cancers is due to the human papillomaviruses (12.1% of all cancers in Africa and 15.4% in sub-Saharan Africa [SSA]); of these, cervical cancer is by far the most common. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is responsible for 3.1% of all cancers in Africa, the hepatitis viruses (B and C) for 2.9% and Helicobacter pylori for 2.7% (non-Cardia Gastric cancer and primary gastric lymphomas). Two percent of cancers are attributable to the Epstein-Barr virus, Schistosoma haematobium increases the risk of bladder cancer resulting in 1.0% of all cancers. HIV-related NHL and squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva account for 0.6% of cancers. Altogether 24.5% of cancers in Africa and 28.7% in SSA are due to infectious agents. Infections are by far the most common cancer risk factor for cancer in Africa-the traditional risk factors (smoking, alcohol and unhealthy diet) probably cause only one in eight cancers in Africa. Prevention should focus on those infectious diseases preventable through vaccination (HPV and hepatitis B) which could reduce two-thirds of the burden. Helicobacter pylori and schistosomiasis are treatable with antibiotics and praziquantel, with a potential reduction of one in eight infection-associated cancers.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Infecciones
/
Neoplasias
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Incidence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
País/Región como asunto:
Africa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Cancer
Año:
2020
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Reino Unido