AAs, amino acids; ACT, adoptive T cell therapy; AHC, Chlamydia pneumonia; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AP, ascorbyl palmitate; APCs, antigen-presenting cells; AS, atherosclerosis; ASIT, antigen-specific immunotherapy; Adoptive cell transfer; ApoA­I, apolipoprotein A­I; ApoB LPs, apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins; Atherosclerosis; BMPR-II, bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor; Biologics; Bregs, regulatory B lymphocytes; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CCR9­CCL25, CC receptor 9­CC chemokine ligand 25; CD, Crohn's disease; CETP, cholesterol ester transfer protein; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4; CX3CL1, CXXXC-chemokine ligand 1; CXCL 16, CXC-chemokine ligand 16; CXCR 2, CXC-chemokine receptor 2; Cancer immunotherapy; CpG ODNs, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides; DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns; DCs, dendritic cells; DDS, drug delivery system; DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; DMPC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; Dex, dexamethasone; Drug delivery; ECM, extracellular matrix; ECs, endothelial cells; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; EPR, enhanced permeability and retention effect; ET-1, endothelin-1; ETAR, endothelin-1 receptor type A; FAO, fatty acid oxidation; GM-CSF, granulocyte­macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HA, hyaluronic acid; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HER2, human epidermal growth factor-2; IBD, inflammatory bowel diseases; ICOS, inducible co-stimulator; ICP, immune checkpoint; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IT-hydrogel, inflammation-targeting hydrogel; Immune targets; Inflammatory diseases; JAK, Janus kinase; LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3; LDL, low density lipoprotein; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTB4, leukotriene B4; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; MCT, monocrotaline; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; MHCs, major histocompatibility complexes; MHPC, 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-phosphocholine; MIF, migration inhibitory factor; MM, multiple myeloma; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MOF, metal­organic framework; MPO, myeloperoxidase; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; NF-κB, nuclear factor κ-B; NK, natural killer; NPs, nanoparticles; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PAECs, pulmonary artery endothelial cells; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; PASMCs, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9; PD-1, programmed death protein-1; PD-L1, programmed cell death-ligand 1; PLGA, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid; Pulmonary artery hypertension; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SHP-2, Src homology 2 domain­containing tyrosine phosphatase 2; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SMCs, smooth muscle cells; Src, sarcoma gene; TCR, T cell receptor; TGF-ß, transforming growth factor ß; TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6; Teff, effector T cell; Th17, T helper 17; Tph, T peripheral helper; Tregs, regulatory T cells; UC, ulcerative colitis; VEC, vascular endothelial cadherin; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VISTA, V-domain immunoglobulin-containing suppressor of T-cell activation; YCs, yeast-derived microcapsules; bDMARDs, biological DMARDs; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; mAbs, monoclonal antibodies; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; nCmP, nanocomposite microparticle; rHDL, recombinant HDL; rhTNFRFc, recombinant human TNF-α receptor II-IgG Fc fusion protein; scFv, single-chain variable fragment; α1D-AR, α1D-adrenergic receptor