The Alzheimer's disease drug candidate J147 decreases blood plasma fatty acid levels via modulation of AMPK/ACC1 signaling in the liver.

ABSTRACT

J147 is a novel drug candidate developed to treat neurological dysfunction. Numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of J147 in cellular and animal models of disease which has led to the transitioning of the compound into human clinical trials. However, no biomarkers for its target engagement have been identified. Here, we determined if specific metabolites in the plasma could be indicative of J147's activity in vivo. Plasma lipidomics data from three independent rodent studies were assessed along with liver lipidomics data from one of the studies. J147 consistently reduced plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels across the independent studies. Decreased FFA levels were also found in the livers of J147-treated mice that correlated well with those in the plasma. These changes in the liver were associated with activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 signaling pathway. A reduction in FFA levels by J147 was confirmed in HepG2 cells, where activation of the AMPK/ACC1 pathway was seen along with increases in acetyl-CoA and ATP levels which correlated with enhanced cellular bioenergetics. Our data show that J147 targets liver cells to activate the AMPK/ACC1 signaling pathway and preserve energy at the expense of inhibiting FFA synthesis.