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Modified QuEChERS Method for Extracting Thiamethoxam and Imidacloprid from Stingless Bees: Development, Application, and Green Metrics.
Rahman, Asma; Ali, Mian Abdul; Xavier, Chubraider; Santos, Dayana Moscardi; Daam, Michiel Adriaan; Azevedo, Eduardo Bessa; Brigante Castele, Janete; Vieira, Eny Maria.
Afiliación
  • Rahman A; São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
  • Ali MA; São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
  • Xavier C; São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
  • Santos DM; São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
  • Daam MA; CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, Caparica, Portugal.
  • Azevedo EB; São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
  • Brigante Castele J; São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
  • Vieira EM; São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
Environ Toxicol Chem ; 41(10): 2365-2374, 2022 10.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35770720
In the present study, a method for the determination of residues of the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris Latreille (1811) was optimized through a factorial design, tested using green metrics, and then applied to exposed bees. It combines the extraction with a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and the determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Different parameters such as the mass of the sample, dispersive sorbents, and elution solvents were assessed. Method validation parameters were checked and include sensitivity, specificity, and linearity. The limit of quantification of 0.0025 µg g-1 was obtained for both insecticides, where accuracy was 94%-100% with satisfactory intraday and interday precisions (relative standard deviation <10%). The qualified method was applied to orally and topically exposed bee samples, and the results indicated that it is suitable for the determination and quantification of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in this species. Moreover, green analytical metrics like the National Environmental Methods Index, Eco Scale score, high-performance liquid chromatography with an environmental assessment tool (HPLC-EAT), waste generation, and amount of sample were compared with methods described in the literature involving neonicotinoid analysis in honeybees. As a result, the present study displayed the highest Eco Scale score and HPLC-EAT score and the second smallest amount of sample and waste generated. Thus, the method meets green analytical metrics more than other methods. In this sense, besides the application, the multicriteria decision analysis tool employed suggests that this is a good option as a green analytical method. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2365-2374. © 2022 SETAC.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Banco de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Residuos de Plaguicidas / Insecticidas Tipo de estudio: Prognostic_studies Límite: Animals Idioma: En Revista: Environ Toxicol Chem Año: 2022 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Brasil

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Banco de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Residuos de Plaguicidas / Insecticidas Tipo de estudio: Prognostic_studies Límite: Animals Idioma: En Revista: Environ Toxicol Chem Año: 2022 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Brasil