Safe and dangerous zones for the superficial femoral artery in femoral surgery.

ABSTRACT

The proximity of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) to the femur exposes the SFA to risks that have serious complications. Although surgeons have used the lateral or medial approach to lessen these risks, they have not been eliminated. Therefore, this study aimed to identify dangerous and safe zones in terms of the SFA that can be used during femoral surgical procedures, using anatomical reference points. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 50 patients aged between 16 and 60 years obtained from the local institution's database was examined. Radiological and clinical measurements were performed to determine the position of the SFA relative to the femur. The mean age of the patients included in this study was 38.08 ± 9.44 (16-60) years. The average ratio of the distance between the proximal and distal borders of the dangerous zone and the lateral joint spaces (LJS) to the distance between the greater trochanter (GT) and LJS was 0.5722 ± 0.053, respectively. The average ratio of the distance between the end of the dangerous zone and LJS to the distance between the GT and LJS was 0.4108 ± 0.05026. This study found that 40% and 60% of the clinically measured distance between the GT and LJS can be used to determine safe and dangerous zones during femoral surgery. Additionally, the half distance between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and medial joint space (MJS) and one-fourth of the distance between the ASIS and LJS can be used to determine safe and dangerous zones in patients whose GT are not easily palpated.