Synergistic Enzyme-Mimetic Catalysis-Based Non-Thermal Sonocavitation and Sonodynamic Therapy for Efficient Hypoxia Relief and Cancer Ablation.

ABSTRACT

Non-invasive cancer treatment strategies that enable local non-thermal ablation, hypoxia relief, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to achieve transiently destroying tumor tissue and long-term killing tumor cells would greatly facilitate their clinical applications. However, continuously generating oxygen cavitation nuclei, reducing the transient cavitation sound intensity threshold, relieving hypoxia, and improving its controllability in the ablation area still remains a significant challenge. Here, in this work, an Mn-coordinated polyphthalocyanine sonocavitation agent (Mn-SCA) with large d-π-conjugated network and atomic Mn-N sites is identified for the non-thermal sonocavitation and sonodynamic therapy in the liver cancer ablation. In the tumor microenvironment, the catalytical generation of oxygen assists cavitation formation and generates microjets to ablate liver cancer tissue and relieve hypoxia, this work reports for the first time to utilize the enzymatic properties of Mn-SCA to lower the cavitation threshold in situ. Moreover, under pHIFU irradiation, high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can be achieved. The two merits in liver cancer ablation are demonstrated by cell destruction and high tumor inhibition efficiency. This work will help deepen the understanding of cavitation ablation and the sonodynamic mechanisms related to the nanostructures and guide the design of sonocavitation agents with high ROS production for solid tumor ablation.