Atrazine residue in waters of Ijebu-North local government, Nigeria: implications on human health, hematological, and biochemical parameters.

ABSTRACT

Knowledge and implications of atrazine in waters from rural areas in Nigeria remain diminutive. Meanwhile, recent findings have shown presence of atrazine residue in water bodies. Atrazine level in six communities (Mamu, Oru, Ilaporu, Awa, Ijebu Igbo, and Ago-Iwoye) of Ijebu North local government, Ogun State, Nigeria using 69 hand-dug wells (HDWs), 40 boreholes (BHs) and four streams are monitored. Value of atrazine recorded was employed to appraise the implication on some hematological and biochemical parameters in relation to human health through dermal and ingestion contact using male albino rats. Highest atrazine of 0.08 mg/L was found in HDW of Ago-Iwoye out of 41 hand dug wells assessed, alongside 22 BH and four streams tested positive to atrazine, while the Oru documented lowest concentration with 0.01 mg/L. Ingestion and dermal hazard index (HI) were lower in adults than children and below acceptable limits in each community. Atrazine concentration at 0.01, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.08 mg/L in waters may not induce significant alteration in the hematological and some biochemical parameters of the exposed animal, while concentration at 0.04 and 0.08 mg/L might alter the blood glucose, albumin, and bilirubin. This is the first study to report atrazine in rural community waters in relation to human health in Nigeria.