Lipid mediators derived from DHA alleviate DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis and improve the gut microbiome in BALB/c mice.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that primarily results from immune dysregulation. We determined the potential therapeutic benefits of lipid mediators (LM, 17S-monohydroxy DHA, resolvin D5, and protectin DX in a ratio of 3:47:50) produced by soybean lipoxygenase from DHA. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells as well as its effect in an AD mouse model induced by DNCB in BALB/c mice were examined. The results indicated that LM effectively attenuates the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1ß) and chemokines (IL-8 and MCP-1) by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. The oral administration of LM at 5 or 10 µg/kg/day significantly reduced skin lesions, epidermal thickness, and mast cell infiltration in AD mice. Furthermore, LM reduced the production of IgE and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß) in the serum, modulated gut microbiota diversity, and restored the microbial composition. Overall, our findings suggest that LM represents a potential therapeutic agent for improving AD symptoms through its ability to suppress inflammatory cytokines and alter the composition of gut microbiota.