Racial disparities among patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and arrhythmias in the United States: A propensity matched-analysis from the national inpatient sample database 2016-2020.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is frequently associated with conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. In this study, we aim to evaluate racial disparities in the frequency of arrhythmias, and associated co-morbidities, among patients with CS. METHODS: White and African American (AA) patients diagnosed with CS were identified and compared from the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database whilst adjusting for confounders via logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 7,935 patients with CS were included in the study. The propensity-matched sample comprised of 5,570 patients, of whom 2,785 were White and 2,785 were AA. AA patients had a longer mean length of hospital stay (LOS) (7.84 vs. 6.94, p<0.01), a higher mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score (3.10 vs. 2.84, p<0.01), and significantly higher incidences of cardiogenic shock [(9.2% vs 6.3%, p<0.01), aOR 1.45 (95% CI 1.17-1.78), p<0.01] and acute kidney injury (AKI) [(34.3% vs. 26.9%, p<0.01), aOR 1.41 (95% CI 1.24-1.61), p<0.01]. From an arrhythmia perspective, AA CS patients were shown to have a lower frequency of (1) ventricular tachycardia (32.5% vs. 37.9%, p<0.01), (2) ventricular fibrillation (5.4% vs.7.2%, p<0.01), (3) first-degree AV block (1.8% vs. 4.1%, p<0.01), (4) complete AV block (6.3% vs. 14.2%, p<0.01), and (5) atrial fibrillation (31.8% vs. 34.8%, p=0.016) when compared to Whites with CS. Mortality remained higher for AAs (3.8% vs. 2.7%, p=0.024). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates a higher incidence of cardiac arrhythmias among White patients but a higher incidence of cardiogenic shock, AKI, mean LOS, and mortality among AA patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.