Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 23.976
Filtrar
1.
Georgian Med News ; (351): 44-48, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39230219

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The adenoids and palatine tonsils, part of the lymphoid tissue, act as a first line of defense protecting the lower airways and gastrointestinal tract. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children may lead to airway obstruction. This study aims to demonstrate the association between adenotonsillar hypertrophy and decreased blood oxygen saturation. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among children aged 7-12 years with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive symptoms, admitted to King Fahad Hospital and Prince Mishari Hospital, Saudi Arabia, for tonsillectomy between July 2023 and January 2024. Exclusion criteria included respiratory diseases, cardiac disease, nasal polyps, nasal septum deviation, chest wall abnormality, and lower airway diseases. The control group included 56 healthy children. An otolaryngologist determined the severity of airway obstruction using the tonsil size. Oxygen saturation was measured using pulse oximetry. The determinants of oxygen saturation were assessed using multiple linear regression, with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The study included 357 participants, with an even age distribution between 7-9 years (49.6%) and 10-12 years (50.4%), and 52% males. Diagnoses included adenoid hypertrophy (30%), tonsil hypertrophy (35%), both conditions (19%), and the control group (16%). Tonsil sizes ranged from Grade 1 (48%) to Grade 4 (8.4%), with 17% normal. The median oxygen saturation was 96.0% for the adenotonsillar hypertrophy group and 99.0% for the control. Oxygen saturation levels differed significantly across groups (p<0.0001), with lower median saturation in hypertrophy groups than controls. Males had a lower oxygen than females (estimate: -0.338, 95% CI [--0.640, -0.036], p=0.028). Adenoid hypertrophy (estimate: -3.863, 95% CI [-5.241, -2.484], p<0.001), tonsil hypertrophy (estimate: -3.631, 95% CI [-5.053, -2.208], p<0.001) and having both conditions (estimate: -3.777, 95% CI [-5.3.7, -2.247], p<0.001) was associated with lower oxygen saturation. Grade 1 tonsil size was associated with an increase in oxygen saturation (estimate = 2.905, 95% CI [1.616, 4.194], p<0.001). In contrast, Grade 4 tonsil size was linked to lower oxygen saturation (estimate=-4.848, 95% CI [-6.367, -3.329], p<0.001). Grades 2 and 3 were not significantly associated with changes in oxygen saturation. CONCLUSION: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is significantly associated with decreased blood oxygen saturation and related cardiopulmonary complications in children. Early adenotonsillectomy may be of benefit in preventing these complications and improving oxygen saturation levels.


Assuntos
Tonsila Faríngea , Hipertrofia , Saturação de Oxigênio , Tonsila Palatina , Humanos , Tonsila Faríngea/patologia , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Arábia Saudita , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Saturação de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Tonsilectomia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/sangue , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/patologia , Oximetria
2.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1427970, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39221246

RESUMO

Hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum (LF) is a significant contributing factor to lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). lncRNA plays a vital role in organ fibrosis, but its role in LF fibrosis remains unclear. Our previous findings have demonstrated that Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling is a critical driver leading to LF hypertrophy. Through the RIP experiment, our group found lnc-RMRP was physically associated with Gli1 and exhibited enrichment in Gli1-activated LF cells. Histological studies revealed elevated expression of RMRP in hypertrophic LF. In vitro experiments further confirmed that RMRP promoted Gli1 SUMO modification and nucleus transfer. Mechanistically, RMRP induced GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, proinflammatory activation, and collagen expression through the Hedgehog pathway. Notably, the mechanical stress-induced hypertrophy of LF in rabbit exhibited analogous pathological changes of LF fibrosis occurred in human and showed enhanced levels of collagen and α-SMA. Knockdown of RMRP resulted in the decreased expression of fibrosis and pyroptosis-related proteins, ultimately ameliorating fibrosis. The above data concluded that RMRP exerts a crucial role in regulating GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis of LF cells via Gli1 SUMOylation, thus indicating that targeting RMRP could serve as a potential and effective therapeutic strategy for LF hypertrophy and fibrosis.


Assuntos
Hipertrofia , Ligamento Amarelo , Piroptose , Sumoilação , Proteína GLI1 em Dedos de Zinco , Humanos , Animais , Proteína GLI1 em Dedos de Zinco/metabolismo , Proteína GLI1 em Dedos de Zinco/genética , Ligamento Amarelo/metabolismo , Ligamento Amarelo/patologia , Coelhos , Proteínas de Ligação a Fosfato/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Fosfato/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Masculino , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Fibrose , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Gasderminas
4.
Vestn Otorinolaringol ; 89(4): 26-29, 2024.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39171873

RESUMO

The article presents the results of a study that included 127 children aged 8 to 17 years with a diagnosis of turbinate hypertrophy. The children are divided into three groups depending on the chosen vasotomy method. The methods of vasotomy were determined, after which there was a faster restoration of mucociliary clearance of the mucous membrane of the lower nasal concha.


Assuntos
Hipertrofia , Depuração Mucociliar , Mucosa Nasal , Conchas Nasais , Humanos , Depuração Mucociliar/fisiologia , Conchas Nasais/cirurgia , Criança , Feminino , Masculino , Adolescente , Mucosa Nasal/cirurgia , Mucosa Nasal/fisiopatologia , Hipertrofia/fisiopatologia , Hipertrofia/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Obstrução Nasal/cirurgia , Obstrução Nasal/fisiopatologia , Obstrução Nasal/diagnóstico , Obstrução Nasal/etiologia
5.
JAAPA ; 37(9): 1-3, 2024 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39190413

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (LHIS) is a rare but benign cardiac tumor that can be found on cardiac imaging such as echocardiogram, or during surgery or an autopsy. Cardiac MRI is the best imaging modality to determine the borders of the tumor and its extension into the intraventricular septum and ventricular free wall. Patients require close monitoring because LHIS may cause right or left outflow tract obstruction or superior vena cava obstruction, requiring cardiac surgical intervention. This article describes a patient with LHIS who underwent cardiac surgery because of her increasing symptomatology.


Assuntos
Septo Interatrial , Neoplasias Cardíacas , Lipomatose , Humanos , Feminino , Septo Interatrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Septo Interatrial/patologia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cardíacas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cardíacas/patologia , Lipomatose/diagnóstico por imagem , Lipomatose/diagnóstico , Lipomatose/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Hipertrofia , Ecocardiografia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lipoma/cirurgia , Lipoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Lipoma/diagnóstico
6.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39193744

RESUMO

Objective:To investigate the long-term effect of partial tonsillectomy in children with tonsil hypertrophy. Methods:A total of 146 children with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) who received surgical treatment for tonsil hyperplasia from January 2010 to January 2013 were selected and divided into the observation group(n=69) and the control group(n=77). The observation group was received tonsillotomy(TT), and the control group was received total tonsillectomy(TE). Parental satisfaction and OSA quality of life questionnaire for children(OSA-18) were surveyed. Residual tonsil size was measured, and polysomnography(PSG) was monitored after 10 years. HE and immunohistochemical analysis were performed on tonsil tissues of one patient who performed a second operation after TT in 2017 year. Results:The results of questionnaire survey showed that the symptoms of respiratory obstruction were significantly improved in both groups, and the satisfaction of TT group was higher than that in the TE group. No increase in the number of respiratory tract infections was observed in all patients. In the TT group, nine cases(13.04%) had tonsil hyperplasia toⅡ°, and the remaining patients had tonsil hyperplasia to Ⅰ°. In addition, one case hadtonsil suppurative infection at the 14th month after surgery, and no recurrence or reoperation was found after treatment. There were seven cases in the TT group and eight cases in the TE group with occasional snoring and mouth breathing after surgery, but the PSG examination of the patients did not meet the diagnosis of OSA. The main causes were obesity and allergic rhinitis. Compared with the first operation, the cicatricial obstruction and infection of tonsil tissue in the second operation were not significantly changed, and the immunohistochemical results also demonstrated that the expression of CD20 was not changed, and the expression of CD3 was decreased. Conclusion:Both TT and TE can effectively improve the symptoms of OSA obstruction in children. TT has less trauma, less postoperative pain, faster recovery and lower rate of hyperplasia, which can be used as one of the main methods for the treatment of tonsil hypertrophy in children.


Assuntos
Hiperplasia , Hipertrofia , Tonsila Palatina , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Tonsilectomia , Humanos , Tonsilectomia/métodos , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/cirurgia , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Hiperplasia/cirurgia , Tonsila Palatina/cirurgia , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Hipertrofia/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Polissonografia , Pré-Escolar , Satisfação do Paciente , Reoperação
7.
Biochem Soc Trans ; 52(4): 1921-1926, 2024 Aug 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39136196

RESUMO

Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) display distinct behavior crucial for tissue maintenance and repair. Upon activation, MuSCs exhibit distinct modes of division: symmetric division, facilitating either self-renewal or differentiation, and asymmetric division, which dictates divergent cellular fates. This review explores the nuanced dynamics of MuSC division and the molecular mechanisms governing this behavior. Furthermore, it introduces a novel phenomenon observed in a subset of MuSCs under hypertrophic stimuli termed division-independent differentiation. Insights into the underlying mechanisms driving this process are discussed, alongside its broader implications for muscle physiology.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Hipertrofia , Músculo Esquelético , Células Satélites de Músculo Esquelético , Células Satélites de Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Células Satélites de Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Humanos , Animais , Divisão Celular
8.
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg ; 96: 175-185, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39094372

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Reduction mammaplasty improves the quality of life by providing functional and aesthetic benefits to women with macromastia. This study contributes to the existing literature on socioeconomic and clinical barriers to referral for plastic surgery procedures by focusing specifically on reduction mammaplasty. METHODS: Patients with macromastia were identified via a chart review in a single institution from 2021-2022. The treatment pathway for each patient was characterized by reception of referral, completion of plastic surgery consultation, and eventual reception of surgery. After controlling for clinical covariates, multivariate logistic regression was applied to quantify the independent impact of race, insurance, and language status on the completion of surgery (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The final patient cohort included 425 women with macromastia. Among the 151 patients who were first seen by a primary care physician, 64 (42%) completed an initial plastic surgery consultation. Among all patients, 160 (38%) eventually underwent reduction mammaplasty. Multivariate regression predictions indicated a lower likelihood of completing breast reduction surgery in patients with current smoking history (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.59) and higher body mass index (BMI) (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.97) (p < 0.05). Minority race and ethnicity, private insurance status, and primary language status were not significant predictors of this outcome (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the socioeconomic variables were not independent predictors of breast reduction surgery completion. However, the association of minority race and ethnicity and nonprivate insurance status with the most common reasons for breast reduction deferral suggest an indirect influence of socioeconomic status on the treatment pathway.


Assuntos
Mama , Hipertrofia , Mamoplastia , Humanos , Mamoplastia/métodos , Feminino , Hipertrofia/cirurgia , Adulto , Mama/anormalidades , Mama/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Clínicos
9.
BMC Pediatr ; 24(1): 521, 2024 Aug 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39134977

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The adenoids act as a reservoir of bacterial pathogens and immune molecules, and they are significantly involved in children with otitis media with effusion (OME). As an essential carrier of intercellular substance transfer and signal transduction, exosomes with different biological functions can be secreted by various types of cells. There remains significant uncertainty regarding the clinical relevance of exosomes to OME, especially in its pathophysiologic development. In this study, we will seek to determine the biological functions of exosomes in children with adenoid hypertrophy accompanied by OME (AHOME). METHODS: The diagnostic criteria for OME in children aged 4-10 years include a disease duration of at least 3 months, type B or C acoustic immittance, and varying degrees of conductive hearing loss. Adenoidal hypertrophy is diagnosed when nasal endoscopy shows at least 60% adenoidal occlusion in the nostrils or when nasopharyngeal lateral X-ray shows A/N > 0.6. Children who meet the indications for adenoidectomy surgery undergo adenoidectomy. Peripheral blood, nasopharyngeal swab, and adenoid tissue will be collected from patients, and the exosomes will be isolated from the samples. Following the initial collection, patients will undergo adenoidectomy and peripheral blood and nasopharyngeal swabs will be collected again after 3 months. EXPECTED RESULTS: This study aims to identify differences in exosomes from preoperative adenoid tissue and peripheral blood samples between children with AHOME and those with adenoid hypertrophy alone. Additionally, it seeks to determine changes in microbial diversity in adenoid tissue between these groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are expected to provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of OME, to identify novel biomarkers, and to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of OME, potentially leading to the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.


Assuntos
Adenoidectomia , Tonsila Faríngea , Exossomos , Hipertrofia , Otite Média com Derrame , Humanos , Tonsila Faríngea/patologia , Otite Média com Derrame/etiologia , Otite Média com Derrame/diagnóstico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , Feminino
10.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976) ; 49(17): E284-E290, 2024 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39133228

RESUMO

STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. OBJECTIVE: We sought to elucidate the association between ligamentum flavum thickening and tissue buckling, and the clinical and imaging factors related to buckling by comparing the ligamentum flavum thickness on MRI images and within the actual tissue. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Ligamentum flavum thickening is a main contributor to lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Buckling of the tissue may contribute to ligamentum flavum thickening along with tissue hypertrophy; however, this association has not been established conclusively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ligamentum flavum samples (135 ligament samples) from 70 patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis were evaluated. The ligamentum flavum thicknesses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in the tissue samples were compared to assess for the presence of buckling. The ligamentum flavum samples were divided into groups with or without buckling based on the difference between their thicknesses on MRI and in the tissues. The Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to assess the relationships between the LF thicknesses on MRI and in the tissues, MRI-tissue difference and LF thickness in the tissues, and MRI-tissue difference and LF thickness on MRI. Further, differences between the buckling+ and buckling- groups were compared using the unpaired t-test (LF thickness on MRI, LF thickness in the tissues, age, disc angle, and disc height) and χ2 (disc level, disc degeneration, and receival/nonreceival of dialysis) test. RESULTS: The ligamentum flavum thickness on MRI and in the tissues had a positive linear relationship, although the thickness was estimated to be significantly larger on MRI than in the tissues themselves. The ligamentum flavum with buckling had a larger thickness on MRI, less tissue hypertrophy, more severe disc degeneration, and was present in patients with a higher rate of dialysis. There were no differences in age and disc height, angle, or level between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Buckling of the ligamentum flavum coexists with tissue hypertrophy and contributes to perceived ligamentum thickening on imaging. Buckling of the ligamentum flavum tends to occur in less hypertrophied tissues and is associated with the grade of disc degeneration and the presence of other characteristics associated with spinal degeneration.


Assuntos
Ligamento Amarelo , Vértebras Lombares , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Estenose Espinal , Humanos , Ligamento Amarelo/patologia , Ligamento Amarelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose Espinal/patologia , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Canal Medular/diagnóstico por imagem , Canal Medular/patologia , Hipertrofia
11.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 18619, 2024 08 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39127777

RESUMO

Adenoid hypertrophy can lead to adenoidal mouth breathing, which can result in "adenoid face" and, in severe cases, can even lead to respiratory tract obstruction. The Fujioka ratio method, which calculates the ratio of adenoid (A) to nasopharyngeal (N) space in an adenoidal-cephalogram (A/N), is a well-recognized and effective technique for detecting adenoid hypertrophy. However, this process is time-consuming and relies on personal experience, so a fully automated and standardized method needs to be designed. Most of the current deep learning-based methods for automatic diagnosis of adenoids are CNN-based methods, which are more sensitive to features similar to adenoids in lateral views and can affect the final localization results. In this study, we designed a local attention-based method for automatic diagnosis of adenoids, which takes AdeBlock as the basic module, fuses the spatial and channel information of adenoids through two-branch local attention computation, and combines the downsampling method without losing spatial information. Our method achieved mean squared error (MSE) 0.0023, mean radial error (MRE) 1.91, and SD (standard deviation) 7.64 on the three hospital datasets, outperforming other comparative methods.


Assuntos
Tonsila Faríngea , Hipertrofia , Tonsila Faríngea/patologia , Tonsila Faríngea/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Aprendizado Profundo , Pré-Escolar , Cefalometria/métodos
12.
BMC Neurol ; 24(1): 283, 2024 Aug 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39138403

RESUMO

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a rare disorder marked by thickening of the dura mater due to diverse etiologies. MPO-ANCA-positive HP represents a variant of AAV confined to the central nervous system, distinguished by the presence of serum MPO antibodies. Distinguishing HP triggered by MPO-ANCA from other causes can be challenging.In this study, we present two cases of MPO-ANCA-positive HP initially misdiagnosed as intracranial infections. Case 1 underwent surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media, with histopathological findings revealing inflammatory changes without definitive suppuration. He was presumed to have a secondary intracranial infection resulting from the surgery. However, his condition deteriorated despite two weeks of antibiotic and antiviral treatment. Case 2 presented with headache and was initially suspected of having intracranial Brucellosis given his serum Brucella positivity. Despite treatment for brucellosis, his symptoms persisted, and he developed visual and hearing impairments. Both patients were ultimately diagnosed with MPO-ANCA-positive HP, exhibiting serum MPO antibody positivity. Their symptoms showed improvement with glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive therapy.Based on these observations, we propose that MPO-ANCA-positive HP may initially present as intracranial infection. For HP patients presenting with headache, mastoiditis, otitis media, and visual loss, it is imperative to conduct ANCA antibody-related tests to enhance diagnostic precision.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos , Meningite , Humanos , Masculino , Meningite/diagnóstico , Meningite/imunologia , Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/sangue , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peroxidase/imunologia , Hipertrofia/diagnóstico , Adulto , Brucelose/diagnóstico , Brucelose/complicações
13.
EBioMedicine ; 107: 105315, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39216230

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Genetic variants in COL4A1 and COL4A2 (encoding collagen IV alpha chain 1/2) occur in genetic and sporadic forms of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), a leading cause of stroke, dementia and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). However, the molecular mechanisms of CSVD with ICH and COL4A1/COL4A2 variants remain obscure. METHODS: Vascular function and molecular investigations in mice with a Col4a1 missense mutation and heterozygous Col4a2 knock-out mice were combined with analysis of human brain endothelial cells harboring COL4A1/COL4A2 mutations, and brain tissue of patients with sporadic CSVD with ICH. FINDINGS: Col4a1 missense mutations cause early-onset CSVD independent of hypertension, with enhanced vasodilation of small arteries due to endothelial dysfunction, vascular wall thickening and reduced stiffness. Mechanistically, the early-onset dysregulated endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) is due to reduced collagen IV levels with elevated activity and levels of endothelial Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels. This results in vasodilation via the Na/K pump in vascular smooth muscle cells. Our data support this endothelial dysfunction preceding development of CSVD-associated ICH is due to increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels in endothelial cells. Moreover, cerebral blood vessels of patients with sporadic CSVD show genotype-dependent mechanisms with wall thickening and lower collagen IV levels in those harboring common non-coding COL4A1/COL4A2 risk alleles. INTERPRETATION: COL4A1/COL4A2 variants act in genetic and sporadic CSVD with ICH via dysregulated EDH, and altered vascular wall thickness and biomechanics due to lower collagen IV levels and/or mutant collagen IV secretion. These data highlight EDH and collagen IV levels as potential treatment targets. FUNDING: MRC, Wellcome Trust, BHF.


Assuntos
Hemorragia Cerebral , Doenças de Pequenos Vasos Cerebrais , Colágeno Tipo IV , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Hemorragia Cerebral/metabolismo , Hemorragia Cerebral/patologia , Hemorragia Cerebral/genética , Doenças de Pequenos Vasos Cerebrais/genética , Doenças de Pequenos Vasos Cerebrais/metabolismo , Doenças de Pequenos Vasos Cerebrais/patologia , Doenças de Pequenos Vasos Cerebrais/etiologia , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/patologia , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Masculino , Vasodilatação , Feminino , Hipertrofia
14.
Exerc Sport Sci Rev ; 52(4): 117-125, 2024 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39190607

RESUMO

We review the evidence indicating that endogenous changes in these hormones, including testosterone, growth hormone, insulin growth factor-1, and estrogen, and their proposed anabolic effects contribute to and augment resistance exercise training (RET)-induced hypertrophy. Additionally, we provide recommendations for gold-standard methodological rigor to establish best practices for verifying menstrual phases as part of their research, ultimately enhancing our understanding of the impact of ovarian hormones on RET-induced adaptations.


Assuntos
Estrogênios , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I , Músculo Esquelético , Treinamento Resistido , Testosterona , Humanos , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Testosterona/sangue , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Feminino , Hipertrofia , Hormônio do Crescimento , Ciclo Menstrual/fisiologia , Adaptação Fisiológica
15.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol ; 184: 112079, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39173268

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, the clinical efficacy of medications for adenoid hypertrophy has been demonstrated. Topical nasal steroids have effects to shrink hypertrophic adenoids and improve symptoms of associated diseases. However, the mechanism which topical steroid administrations cause adenoid shrinkage remains unclear, herein, sensitivity for topical steroids in the mucosal epithelium of adenoids was evaluated histologically by comparing with tonsils. METHODS: Histological analysis was performed on adenoids and tonsils removed from 32 pediatric patients with adenoid hypertrophy. In hematoxylin-eosin-stained specimens, the morphology of the mucosal epithelium and eosinophil infiltration were evaluated. The expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-25 in the mucosal epithelium was evaluated, and the staining intensity was scored as 0 (none), 1 (weak), and 2 (strong). The number of eosinophils and expression scores of GR, IL-4, and IL-25 were statistically compared between adenoids and tonsils and analyzed correlations with adenoids sizes. RESULTS: Adenoids were covered with ciliated epithelium, and eosinophils in the mucosal epithelium and submucosal area was higher than tonsils (p < 0.05). GR expression in the most superficial layer of the mucosal epithelium was observed in adenoids, and the expression intensity score was higher than that in tonsils (p < 0.05). IL-4 and IL-25 were more widely expressed in the mucosal epithelium of adenoids than in tonsils, and their expression intensity scores were also higher than in tonsils (p < 0.05). A correlation was found between adenoid size and the intensity of IL-25 expression in the adenoid epithelium (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Eosinophilic inflammations in adenoids mucosal epithelium could be one of etiology of adenoid hypertrophy, and the GR and eosinophilic inflammation in the adenoids mucosal epithelium might be target of topical nasal steroids to shrink hypertrophic adenoids.


Assuntos
Tonsila Faríngea , Eosinófilos , Hipertrofia , Tonsila Palatina , Receptores de Glucocorticoides , Humanos , Tonsila Faríngea/patologia , Tonsila Faríngea/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Masculino , Criança , Feminino , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Pré-Escolar , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Mucosa/patologia , Mucosa/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Epitélio/patologia , Epitélio/metabolismo , Glucocorticoides , Citocinas/metabolismo , Adolescente
16.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(16)2024 Aug 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39201664

RESUMO

Eccentric training induces greater hypertrophy while causing more muscle damage than concentric training. This study examined the effects of small-range eccentric contractions (SR-ECCs) and large-range eccentric contractions (LR-ECCs) on muscle morphology, contractility, and damage in rats. Thirty male Fischer 344 rats were divided into five groups: small-range ECC single-bout (SR-ECCSB, n = 4), large-range ECC single-bout (LR-ECCSB, n = 4), SR-ECC intervention (SR-ECCIntv, n = 7), LR-ECC intervention (LR-ECCIntv, n = 8), and control (Cont, n = 7). These groups underwent transcutaneous electrical stimulation involving 80 ECCs twice a week for four weeks. The results indicated that the LR-ECCSB group had more Evans blue dye-positive fibers than other groups. The SR-ECCIntv group showed no increase in the mean myofiber cross-sectional area. However, Pax7+ and Ki67+ cells significantly increased in both ECCIntv groups compared to the Cont group, and the connective tissue area was significantly greater in the LR-ECCIntv than in others. Muscle force was lower in both ECCIntv groups compared to the Cont group. These findings suggest that SR-ECC intervention may induce a smaller increase in the number of fibers with a large myofiber cross-sectional area and satellite cell proliferation with less muscle damage and myofibrosis compared to LR-ECCs.


Assuntos
Contração Muscular , Músculo Esquelético , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Força Muscular , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/fisiologia , Hipertrofia
17.
PLoS One ; 19(7): e0306391, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950052

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to retrospectively assess the effect of Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction (RFVTR) on hypertrophic turbinates and clinical outcome in brachycephalic dogs when included in multi-level surgery (MLS). STUDY DESIGN: Clinical retrospective multicenter study. ANIMALS: 132 client-owned brachycephalic dogs. METHODS: 132 brachycephalic dogs with high-grade Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Ayndrome (BOAS) and hypertrophic turbinates were treated with RFVTR as part of MLS of the upper airways. Intranasal obstruction was evaluated by computer tomography (CT) and antero-/retrograde rhinoscopy before and 6 months after RFVTR. The clinical records, the CT images and the rhinoscopy videos were reviewed and clinical evolution was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. The data was scored semi-quantitatively. RESULTS: In this study, 132 patients were included for a follow-up period of 120 weeks. RFVTR resulted in minor complications, including serous nasal discharge within the first postoperative week in all dogs, and intermittent nasal congestion between 3-8 weeks after treatment in 24.3% of the patients. Rhinoscopy and CT follow-ups were available for 33 patients. Six months after treatment intranasal airspace was increased (p = 0.002) and the presence and overall amount of mucosal contact points was reduced (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: MLS with RFVTR led to a significant reduction in turbinate volume at the 6-month follow-up examination and significant clinical improvement over a long-term period of 120 weeks. This suggests the viability of RFVTR as a turbinate-preserving treatment for intranasal obstruction in dogs with BOAS. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: RFVTR is a minimally invasive turbinoplasty technique for intranasal obstruction in dogs with BOAS and can be included in MLS without increasing complication rates.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Conchas Nasais , Animais , Cães , Conchas Nasais/cirurgia , Conchas Nasais/patologia , Conchas Nasais/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Feminino , Obstrução Nasal/cirurgia , Obstrução Nasal/veterinária , Obstrução Nasal/patologia , Hipertrofia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/veterinária , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/cirurgia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/diagnóstico por imagem
18.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg ; 244: 108422, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38991392

RESUMO

We presented a case of a 34-year-old male with postoperative brainstem cavernous malformations complicated with LGI1 encephalitis and secondary hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD). Due to recurrent dizziness and headache, the patient was diagnosed as brainstem cavernous malformations with recurrent hemorrhage and underwent resection. He subsequently developed unexplained abnormal mental behavior 1 month after the surgery, and diagnosed with LGI1 encephalitis. Six months later, cranial MRI showed HOD. This condition is rare in clinical practice,and a complex mechanism underlies the occurrence.


Assuntos
Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Encefalite/complicações , Encefalite/diagnóstico por imagem , Núcleo Olivar/patologia , Núcleo Olivar/diagnóstico por imagem , Proteínas , Hemangioma Cavernoso do Sistema Nervoso Central/complicações , Hemangioma Cavernoso do Sistema Nervoso Central/cirurgia , Hemangioma Cavernoso do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tronco Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagem , Tronco Encefálico/patologia , Hipertrofia , Degeneração Olivar
19.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 28(12): 3822-3827, 2024 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38946379

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: A condition known as ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy occurs when the ligamentum flavum (LF) swells as a result of pressures applied to the spine. Among the elderly population, lumbar spinal stenosis is a major cause of pain and disabilities. Numerous studies indicate that lumbar spinal stenosis etiology involves the ligamentum flavum in a major way. This study looks into the relationship between low back pain and ligamentum flavum thickening. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The imaging tests and case histories of all patients with low back pain who had consecutive magnetic resonance imaging exams performed at the Prince Sattam University and King Khalid hospitals in Al Kharj City will serve as the basis for this retrospective observational study. A radiologist utilized the Pfirrmann grading system, which is based on spinal levels starting from the first lumbar to the first sacral vertebrae, to measure the thickness of the ligamentum flavum in all cases who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A correlation between age, hypertrophy of LF, and low back pain was investigated. RESULTS: There were 79 participants in the study, ages ranging from 21 to 82, 49 of which were men. The patients' average age was 54 years, and 62% of them were men. We found no appreciable variations in LF thickness according to gender. At the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels, the left LF was noticeably thicker than the right. Moreover, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the bilateral LF thicknesses at L5-S1 compared to the comparable sides at L4-L5. CONCLUSIONS: By evaluating the thickness of LF on magnetic resonance images, we discovered that it may be closely associated with the etiology of pain processes in the spine.


Assuntos
Hipertrofia , Ligamento Amarelo , Dor Lombar , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Ligamento Amarelo/patologia , Ligamento Amarelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor Lombar/patologia , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/patologia , Estenose Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose Espinal/patologia
20.
BMJ Open ; 14(6): e084703, 2024 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950988

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic treatment using face mask protraction combined with an alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction/protraction face mask (Alt-RAMEC/PFM) protocol is effective in the early treatment of patients with class III malocclusion, but the stability of treatment outcomes represents a major concern. Previous studies have suggested that tonsillar hypertrophy can be a risk factor for class III malocclusion and tonsillectomy may prompt the normalisation of dentofacial growth. However, these studies had a low-to-moderate level of evidence. This study was designed to identify the impact of tonsillectomy before orthodontic treatment on the efficacy and stability of Alt-RAMEC/PFM protocols and the sleep quality and oral health in children with anterior crossbite and tonsillar hypertrophy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a two-arm, parallel-group, superiority cluster randomised controlled trial, with four clinics randomly assigned to the surgery-first arm and the orthodontic-first arm in a 1:1 ratio. The Alt-RAMEC protocol involves alternate activation and deactivation of the expander's jet screw over 6 weeks to stimulate maxillary suture distraction. Patients will be instructed to wear the PFM for a minimum of 14 hours per day. The primary outcomes are changes in Wits appraisal and the degree of maxillary advancement from baseline to the end of orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalometric radiographs, polysomnography, Obstructive Sleep Apnoea-18 questionnaire and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire will be traced, collected and measured. We will recruit 96 patients intofor the study. To assess differences, repeated multilevel linear mixed modelling analyses will be used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has been granted ethical approval by the Ethics Committee of the School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University (approval No. 2023-D10). Written informed consent will be obtained from the participants and their guardians. The results of the trial will be disseminated through academic conferences and journal publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2300078833.


Assuntos
Hipertrofia , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle , Técnica de Expansão Palatina , Tonsila Palatina , Tonsilectomia , Humanos , Tonsilectomia/métodos , Criança , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/cirurgia , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/terapia , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Tonsila Palatina/cirurgia , Feminino , Aparelhos de Tração Extrabucal , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento , Qualidade do Sono , Adolescente
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA