Diagnostic and prognostic value of diquat plasma concentration and complete blood count in patients with acute diquat poisoning based on random forest algorithms.

Currently, the incidence of diquat (DQ) poisoning is increasing, and quickly predicting the prognosis of poisoned patients is crucial for clinical treatment. In this study, a total of 84 DQ poisoning patients were included, with 38 surviving and 46 deceased. The plasma DQ concentration of DQ poisoned patients, determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were collected and analyzed with their complete blood count (CBC) indicators. Based on DQ concentration and CBC dataset, the random forest of diagnostic and prognostic models were established. The results showed that the initial DQ plasma concentration was highly correlated with patient prognosis. There was data redundancy in the CBC dataset, continuous measurement of CBC tests could improve the model's predictive accuracy. After feature selection, the predictive accuracy of the CBC dataset significantly increased to 0.81 ± 0.17, with the most important features being white blood cells and neutrophils. The constructed CBC random forest prediction model achieved a high predictive accuracy of 0.95 ± 0.06 when diagnosing DQ poisoning. In conclusion, both DQ concentration and CBC dataset can be used to predict the prognosis of DQ treatment. In the absence of DQ concentration, the random forest model using CBC data can effectively diagnose DQ poisoning and patient's prognosis.

The accuracy and precision of plain CT chest for diagnosis of anaemia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy and precision of anaemia diagnosis with plain computed tomography of chest by keeping complete blood count as the gold standard. METHODS: The cohort study was conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2020, at Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised patients attending the hospital regardless of gender or age. The subjects underwent complete blood count and high-resolution computed tomography scan of chest with 7-day interval. On the basis of haematology, the subjects were divided into anaemic group A and control group B. Blood attenuation measurements and visual perception of the inter-ventricular septum was done blinded to haemoglobin values. Region of interest attenuation cursor was placed within the right ventricular chamber and left ventricular chamber. Quantitative diagnosis of anaemia on computed tomography was done with Hounsfield unit <35 in a chamber. Qualitative computed tomography diagnosis of anaemia was equivalent to inter-ventricular septum visualisation. Accuracy and precision was calculated. Data was analysed using SPSS 17. RESULTS: Of the 124 subjects, 62(50%) were males and 62(50%) were females. The overall mean age was 51.45±17.3 years (range: 8-96 years). On the basis of haematology, 74(59.6%) subjects were in group A and 50(40.3%) were in group B. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of chest computed tomography for quantitative diagnosis of anaemia were 48.6%, 76.5%, 76.5%, 50.6% and 60.5% respectively. The corresponding values for qualitative diagnosis of anaemia were 55.4%, 88.0%, 87.2%, 57.1%, and 68.5%. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high positive predictive value for quantitative diagnosis of anaemia on chest computed tomography with low diagnostic accuracy and moderate reliability.

Application of image recognition technology in pathological diagnosis of blood smears.

Traditional manual blood smear diagnosis methods are time-consuming and prone to errors, often relying heavily on the experience of clinical laboratory analysts for accuracy. As breakthroughs in key technologies such as neural networks and deep learning continue to drive digital transformation in the medical field, image recognition technology is increasingly being leveraged to enhance existing medical processes. In recent years, advancements in computer technology have led to improved efficiency in the identification of blood cells in blood smears through the use of image recognition technology. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the methods and steps involved in utilizing image recognition algorithms for diagnosing diseases in blood smears, with a focus on malaria and leukemia. Furthermore, it offers a forward-looking research direction for the development of a comprehensive blood cell pathological detection system.

Clinical value of complete blood count ratio in benign and malignant thyroid diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical value of blood routine derivative biomarkers and thyroid function biomarkers in differentiating different thyroid diseases. METHODS: The differences of blood routine derived indexes neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-large cell rate (P-LCR) and thyroid function indexes between benign and malignant thyroid diseases were compared, and the differences of each index between different benign thyroid diseases were further compared. Univariate regression analysis model was used to analyze the clinical value of various indexes. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in PLR, NLR and P-LCR between patients with benign and malignant thyroid diseases (P < 0.05 for each). The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that P < 0.05 for all indicators except LMR, when PLR and NLR value increased by 1, the risk of thyroid malignancy decreased by 1 % and 21 %, when P-LCR value increased by 1, the risk of thyroid malignancy increased by 4 %. CONCLUSIONS: PLR, NLR and P-LCR are helpful to distinguish different benign thyroid diseases and to diagnose benign and malignant thyroid diseases.

Inflammatory Hematological Indices, Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: A Narrative Review. / Índices Hematológicos Inflamatórios, Doenças Cardiovasculares e Mortalidade: Uma Revisão Narrativa.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, which generates a significant economic burden of billions per year on the healthcare system. Chronic inflammation is known for its importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and CVDs. Currently, inflammatory hematologic indices, obtained through the results of the complete blood count (CBC), have been characterized as potential prognostic factors for mortality in CVD. These indexes are calculated from neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, and monocyte counts, are easily accessible, have simple calculations, and have low cost, which facilitates their application in practice. The aim of this paper was prepare a synthesis of studies that investigated the relationship of inflammatory hematologic indices with cardiovascular risk and mortality. The search was been conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. Studies that investigated the association between inflammatory hematologic indices with cardiovascular risk and mortality were been selected. 1,470 studies were obtained in the search, with only 23 being eligible. We found that the hematological index most associated with overall mortality, cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular mortality was the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) followed by the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI). The hematological inflammatory indices proved advantageous for screening and identifying patients who have high cardiovascular risk and mortality risk, and may be useful in directing the treatment of these patients, obtaining information about prognosis, and improving risk stratification.

As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são a principal causa de morte em todo o mundo, o que gera um fardo económico significativo de bilhões por ano no sistema de saúde. A inflamação crônica é conhecida por sua importância na patogênese da aterosclerose e das DCV. Atualmente, os índices hematológicos inflamatórios, obtidos através dos resultados do hemograma completo (HC), têm sido caracterizados como potenciais fatores prognósticos para mortalidade nas DCV. Esses índices são calculados a partir da contagem de neutrófilos, linfócitos, plaquetas e monócitos, são de fácil acesso, possuem cálculos simples e têm baixo custo, o que facilita sua aplicação na prática. O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar uma síntese de estudos que investigaram a relação dos índices hematológicos com o risco cardiovascular e mortalidade. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram selecionados estudos que investigaram a associação entre índices hematológicos inflamatórios com risco cardiovascular e mortalidade. Foram obtidos 1.470 estudos na busca, sendo apenas 23 elegíveis. Descobrimos que o índice hematológico mais associado à mortalidade geral, eventos cardiovasculares e mortalidade cardiovascular foi o índice de inflamação imunológica sistêmica (SII), seguido pelo índice de resposta inflamatória sistêmica (SIRI). Os índices inflamatórios hematológicos mostraram-se vantajosos para triagem e identificação de pacientes com alto risco cardiovascular e risco de mortalidade, podendo ser úteis no direcionamento do tratamento desses pacientes, na obtenção de informações sobre prognóstico e na melhoria da estratificação de risco.

Complete Blood Count Values Over Time in Young Children During the Dengue Virus Epidemic in the Dominican Republic From 2018 to 2020.

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne illness with substantial economic and societal impact. Understanding laboratory trends of hospitalized Dominican Republic (DR) pediatric patients could help develop screening procedures in low-resourced settings. We sought to describe laboratory findings over time in DR children with DF and DF severity from 2018 to 2020. Methods: Clinical information was obtained prospectively from recruited children with DF. Complete blood count (CBC) laboratory measures were assessed across Days 1-10 of fever. Participants were classified as DF-negative and DF-positive and grouped by severity. We assessed associations of DF severity with demographics, clinical characteristics, and peripheral blood studies. Using linear mixed-models, we assessed if hematologic values/trajectories differed by DF status/severity. Results: A total of 597 of 1101 with a DF clinical diagnosis were serologically evaluated, and 574 (471 DF-positive) met inclusion criteria. In DF, platelet count and hemoglobin were higher on earlier days of fever (p < = 0.0017). Eighty had severe DF. Severe DF risk was associated with thrombocytopenia, intraillness anemia, and leukocytosis, differing by fever day (p < = 0.001). Conclusions: In a pediatric hospitalized DR cohort, we found marked anemia in late stages of severe DF, unlike the typically seen hemoconcentration. These findings, paired with clinical symptom changes over time, may help guide risk-stratified screenings for resource-limited settings.

Biochemical Markers in the Prediction of Pregnancy Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Background and Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may impact both maternal and fetal/neonatal health. The identification of prognostic indicators for GDM may improve risk assessment and selection of patient for intensive monitoring. The aim of this study was to find potential predictors of adverse pregnancy outcome in GDM and normoglycemic patients by comparing the levels of different biochemical parameters and the values of blood cell count (BCC) between GDM and normoglycemic patients and between patients with adverse and good outcome. Materials and Methods: Prospective clinical study included 49 patients with GDM (study group) and 44 healthy pregnant women (control group) who underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at gestational age of 24-28 weeks. At the time of OGTT peripheral blood was taken for the determination of glucose levels, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, lipid status, homeostatic model assessment, BCC, iron and zinc metabolism, liver function, kidney function and inflammatory status. Each group was divided into two subgroups-normal and poor pregnancy outcome. Results: Higher RBC, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, fasting glucose, uric acid and fibrinogen were found in GDM patients compared to control group. In GDM patients with poor pregnancy outcome values of fibrinogen, ALT, sedimentation rate, granulocyte and total leukocyte counts were elevated, while the serum level of zinc was significantly lower. Higher level of fibrinogen was found in normoglycemic patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes. ROC curve was constructed in order to assess fibrinogen's biomarker potential. The established AUC value for diagnostic ROC was 0.816 (p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.691-0.941), while the AUC value for assessing fibrinogen's potential to predict poor pregnancy outcome in GDM was 0.751 (p = 0.0096, 95% CI 0.561-0.941). Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrated that the best prognostic potential in GDM showed inflammation related parameters, identifying fibrinogen as a parameter with both diagnostic and prognostic ability.

Screening of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Using Research Parameters of Complete Blood Count: Automated Detection of Dysplasia.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) present with polymorphic and non-specific diagnostic features Research parametersfrom hematology analyzers may be useful to discriminate MDS-related cytopenia.Parameters such as Neu X (related to the cytoplasmic complexity) and Neu Y (related to nucleic acid content) show promise to detect dysplasia of MDS and aid to recognize MDS from cytopenias of other etiologies.

Advances in Hematology Analyzers Technology.

The evolution of complete blood count (CBC) methodology from manual calculations to sophisticated high throughput hematology analyzers is the focus of this article. In recent years, hematology testing has greatly benefitted from the combination of various technologies with automated neural networks. In addition to an increasing complexity of the laboratory instrumentation, there is a demand on point of care CBC testing with its benefits and drawbacks. This article highlights exciting advancements of hematology testing from the past to the present and into the future.

Association between complete blood count-derived inflammatory markers and the risk of frailty and mortality in middle-aged and older adults.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between six complete blood count (CBC)-derived inflammatory markers [neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and pan-immune inflammation value (PIV)] and the risk of frailty and mortality. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. Mortality was identified using the National Death Index until December 31, 2019. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between six CBC-derived inflammatory markers and frailty. The Cox regression model assessed the association between six CBC-derived inflammatory markers and mortality in frail populations. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to visualize the association of the six CBC-derived inflammatory markers with mortality risk. The predictive value of CBC-derived inflammatory markers for mortality was further assessed using a random survival forest (RSF) approach. Results: This study analyzed data from a total of 16,705 middle-aged and older participants. Among them, 6,503 participants were frail, with a mortality rate of 41.47%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that NLR, MLR, PLR, SII, SIRI, and PIV were positively associated with frailty risk. The Cox regression model revealed that participants in the highest quartile had a significantly increased risk of death compared to those in the lowest quartile: NLR (HR = 1.73, 95% CI:1.54, 1.94), MLR (HR = 1.71, 95% CI:1.51, 1.93), PLR (HR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.43), SII (HR = 1.50, 95%CI:1.34, 1.68), SIRI (HR = 1.88, CI 95%:1.67, 2.12), PIV (HR = 1.55, 95%CI:1.38, 1.73). Random survival forest (RSF) analyses demonstrated that MLR had the highest predictive value for mortality risk middle-aged and older adult frail participants. Conclusion: The results suggest that CBC-derived inflammatory markers are associated with a higher risk of frailty as well as mortality in the middle and old-aged population of the United States.

Sex-specific association of peripheral blood cell indices and inflammatory markers with depressive symptoms in early adolescence.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported the correlation of dysregulated blood cell indices and peripheral inflammatory markers with depression in adults but limited studies have examined this correlation in early adolescents. METHODS: This study used data from the Chinese Early Adolescents Cohort Study, which was conducted in Anhui, China. Students' depression symptoms were repeatedly measured using the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children. Students' blood samples were collected in September 2019 and September 2021. The peripheral blood cell counts and inflammatory marker levels were determined using routine blood tests. Multivariable regression models were used to explore the associations between blood cell indices and adolescent depressive symptoms in both the whole sample and the sex-stratified samples. RESULTS: The white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count (NC), platelet (PLT) count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were positively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms during follow-up. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean hemoglobin (HGB) volume (MCH), and mean corpuscular HGB concentration (MCHC) exhibited negative temporal correlations with depressive symptoms. Additionally, several sex-specific blood cell markers were correlated with depression. Male adolescents with increased red blood cell (RBC) and female adolescents with decreased HGB levels and upregulated WBC, NC, NLR, and SII levels exhibited severe depressive symptoms at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested the potential usefulness of peripheral blood cell indices in the assessment of depression in early adolescents.

Complete blood count-based inflammation indexes and symptom severity in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: An analysis based on structural equation modelling.

INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are associated with immune-inflammatory activation. Recently, complete blood count (CBC)-based inflammation indexes such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have emerged as reproducible and cost-effective inflammation markers in mental disorders. In this study, we aimed at investigating the relationship of NLR, MLR, and PLR with symptom severity in people with SSDs, testing interactions with relevant clinical variables. METHODS: We included inpatients with SSDs aged 18-65 consecutively hospitalized from May 2020 to March 2024. Socio-demographic and clinical data were recorded. CBC-based ratios were estimated from routinely collected blood samples. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed to test relationships involving symptom severity constructs and CBC-based ratios, accounting for substance use disorder, antipsychotic treatment, and obesity. RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-six participants met inclusion criteria. The SEM analysis uncovered a significant relationship of MLR with positive (coeff.: 0.19, p=0.048) and negative (coeff.: 0.27, p=0.004) symptoms, also showing a significant link of substance use disorder and antipsychotic treatment with symptom severity as well as of antipsychotic treatment with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Notwithstanding the cross-sectional design and the somewhat limited sample representativeness, this study showed a significant relationship between the MLR - but not the NLR or the PLR - and the severity of both positive and negative symptoms, testing at the same time the interactions with other clinical variables. Considering the insufficiency and inconsistency of data in this field, further research is needed to validate our findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving the observed relationships between the MLR and SSD symptoms.

Assessing causal associations of blood counts and biochemical indicators with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a Mendelian randomization study and results from national health and nutrition examination survey 2003-2018.

Background: Blood counts and biochemical markers are among the most common tests performed in hospitals and most readily accepted by patients, and are widely regarded as reliable biomarkers in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess the causal relationship between blood counts, biochemical indicators and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess the causal relationship between blood counts and biochemical indicators with PAH. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) for blood counts and biochemical indicators were obtained from the UK Biobank (UKBB), while the GWAS for PAH were sourced from the FinnGen Biobank. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary analysis method, supplemented by three sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the results. And we conducted an observational study using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018 to verify the relationship. Results: The MR analysis primarily using the IVW method revealed genetic variants of platelet count (OR=2.51, 95% CI 1.56-4.22, P<0.001), platelet crit(OR=1.87, 95% CI1.17-7.65, P=0.022), direct bilirubin (DBIL)(OR=1.71, 95%CI 1.18-2.47,P=0.004), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)(OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.27-0.96, P=0.038), Lipoprotein A (Lp(a))(OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.45-0.98, P=0.037) and total bilirubin (TBIL)(OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.27-0.96, P=0.038) were significantly associated with PAH. In NHANES, multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between platelet count and volume and the risk of PAH, and a significant negative correlation between total bilirubin and PAH. Conclusion: Our study reveals a causal relationship between blood counts, biochemical indicators and pulmonary arterial hypertension. These findings offer novel insights into the etiology and pathological mechanisms of PAH, and emphasizes the important value of these markers as potential targets for the prevention and treatment of PAH.

Haematological parameter among drug resistant tuberculosis patients in Ibadan.

Background: Haematological abnormalities are common among tuberculosis patients but there is dearth of information on their value as prognostic markers in Multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients. This study examined the association between complete blood count variables and drug resistant tuberculosis. Materials and methods: Nighty (90) consenting adults comprising 30 Drug Resistant Tuberculosis patients (DR-TB), 30 Drug susceptible tuberculosis patients (DS-TB) and 30 healthy participants were recruited in this study. Ethical approval was obtained from Oyo State Ministry of Health Institutional Review Board while patients' demographic data were collected using structured questionnaire. Five milliliters (5mL) of blood samples were collected in EDTA bottle. Haematological parameters were analysed using impedance technique and Mindary-BG5380 5-part automated system. Result: The mean hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in DR-TB patients (11.70 ± 2.73 g/dL) than in DS-TB patients (8.33 ± 9.56 fL), with a mean difference of -3.37 ± 12.29 g/dL. The mean MCH and MCHC levels were also slightly lower in DR-TB patients (26.17 ± 3.44 pg and 30.41 ± 1.92 g/dL, respectively), but the differences were not statistically significant. The WBC count was similar in both groups (8.20 ± 3.80 × 10^9 /L and 8.45 ± 3.63 × 10^9 /L, respectively). Conclusion: The mean hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in DR-TB patients than in DS-TB patients which may be due to the increased inflammation associated with DR-TB. The WBC count was similar in both groups, suggesting that the immune system is responding similarly to the infection in both DR-TB and DS-TB patients. Recommendation: In the meantime, healthcare providers should be aware of these potential differences and use them to inform their diagnosis and treatment of patients with tuberculosis.

Consistency analysis of two fingertip capillary blood sampling methods for complete blood count.

This study was performed to analyze fingertip capillary blood sampling in pediatric patients using microcapillary blood collection tubes and microhematocrit tubes and to compare the blood cell analysis results obtained via these two blood collection methods. Finger capillary blood was collected from 110 outpatients using microcapillary blood collection tubes and microhematocrit tubes and complete blood count analysis was performed with a Sysmex XS-900i hematology analyzer and manual microscopy for blood cell morphology. Paired data was evaluated for agreement and bias using the microhematocrit samples as the reference group and the samples from the microcapillary blood collection tubes as the observation group. The two blood collection methods demonstrated good agreement for measuring red blood cell (RBC) parameters (i.e., RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC), wherein the relative bias was > allowable total error (TEa) in 0.91%, 1.82%, 11.82%, 1.82%, 0.91% and 8.18% of the parameter measures, respectively. According to industry requirements, the proportion of samples meeting the acceptable bias level should be > 80%. Additionally, the estimated biases at each medical decision level were within clinically acceptable levels for RBC, Hb, Hct, and MCV. However, the proportion of WBC and PLT counts with relative bias > TEa was 25.45% and 35.45%, respectively. Furthermore, the relative bias of the WBC count at the medical decision level of 0.5 × 109/L and that of the PLT counts at the medical decision levels of 10 × 109/L and 50 × 109/L were clinically significant. Bland-Altman analysis further showed a mean bias of 0.66 × 109/L (95% LoA, - 0.79 to 2.11) for the WBC count and 39 × 109/L (95% LoA, - 46 to 124) for the PLT count from the blood samples collected in the microcapillary blood collection tubes compared with the counts of those collected in the microhematocrit tubes. Neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and PLT counts increased significantly in the microcapillary blood collection tubes compared with those in the microhematocrit tubes, along with an elevated number of instrument false alarms (P < 0.05). The two capillary blood collection devices exhibit performance differences. Therefore, clinicians should pay attention to the variation in results caused by different blood collection methods.

The relationship between complete blood cell count-derived inflammatory biomarkers and benign prostatic hyperplasia in middle-aged and elderly individuals in the United States: Evidence from NHANES 2001-2008.

BACKGROUND: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common health disorder of the male genitourinary system with a high prevalence, especially among middle-aged and older adults, which seriously affects men's quality of life. Inflammatory markers derived from complete blood cell count (CBC) have previously been considered a prognostic indicator for various diseases, but little is known about their relationship with BPH. This study evaluated the relationship between complete blood cell count (CBC)-derived inflammatory biomarkers and BPH. METHODS: Data for this cross-sectional study were gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2001 and 2008. Using multiple logistic regressions, the study examined the association between benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and Inflammatory biomarkers derived from blood cell counts such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and Systemic Immunoinflammatory Index (SII). RESULTS: 3,919 participants were included, with a median age of 61.00 (52.00-71.00) years old. Among them, 609 participants had benign prostatic hyperplasia, with a prevalence of 15.54%. Upon accounting for confounding factors, the study revealed a positive correlation between the plurality of BPH PLR and SII. However, MLR, NLR, and SIRI did not significantly correlate with the prevalence of BPH (p>0.05). In contrast to the lowest quartile, higher quartiles of PLR (OR = 1.93[1.38-2.69]) and SII (OR = 1.71[1.22-2.40]) were linked to an elevated risk of BPH. Interaction tests showed that age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and drinking had no significant effect on this positive correlation (p for interaction>0.05). In addition, we found a roughly linear association between SII, PLR, and BPH using smoothed curve fitting. CONCLUSIONS: According to our research, high levels of PLR and SII are positively linked with an increased risk of BPH in middle-aged and elderly individuals in the United States. The results compensate for previous studies that still need to be validated with larger prospective cohorts.

The relationship between serum transglutaminase-2 levels and the severity of chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is an immunological disease that is depicted by high prevalence and eminent burden for patients and society that is attributable to the arbitrary nature of symptoms and inconsistent tools for assessment of activity and severity. Transglutaminase-2 (TG2) is a posttranslational enzyme that is pervasively expressed in many cells and tissue types including mast cells. It has various biological functions, and its role in allergic disorders has been highlighted and delineated through several postulated mechanisms. This case-control study aimed at determining the relationship between serum levels TG2 and severity of CSU. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Egypt to determine the relationship between serum TG2 and severity of CSU. We enrolled 60 adult patients with confirmed diagnosis of CSU. According to urticaria activity score (UAS), patients were categorized into three groups [20 with mild disease; UAS = 0, 20 with moderate disease; UAS = 1-3, 20 with severe disease; UAS = 4-6]. Another 20 healthy individuals (age and gender matched) served as a control group. All patients were subjected to detailed medical history, clinical examination, complete blood count with differential, serum total IgE, CRP, ESR, TSH, ANA, liver and renal function tests. Serum level of TG2 was done by quantitative ELISA for all enrolled patients and controls. Serum TG2 is significantly higher in patients group compared to control group (P value < 0.001). Serum TG2 levels were significantly higher in patients with severe disease compared to patients with moderate or mild disease. This is illustrated by the significant positive correlation between serum TG2 and UAS (r 0.814 and P value 0.000). Moreover, serum TG2 accurately classified CSU patients into mild, moderate and severe subgroups: as regards differentiation between mild and moderate cases (sensitivity 70%, specificity 80%, PPV 77.8, NPV 72.7) and as for the differentiation between moderate and severe cases (sensitivity 95%, specificity 90%, PPV 90.5, NPV 94.7). Serum TG2 may have a pivotal role as a marker of severity in patients with CSU.

Evaluation of inflammatory markers obtained from complete blood count in different stages of schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: Systemic inflammatory biomarkers recently studied in schizophrenia include neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI). SIRI, a novel inflammatory marker, has not been studied in different stages of schizophrenia. We aimed to compare NLR, MLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI values between psychotic exacerbation and remission values of the same patients with schizophrenia and a healthy control group. METHOD: In this study, 86 patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalized due to psychotic relapse, the same patient group who were in remission after treatment, and 86 age-sex-matched healthy control subjects were analyzed. Inflammatory marker values of the patient group in both the psychotic exacerbation (PE) and the remission (R) period were analyzed and compared with healthy controls (HC). RESULTS: NLR, MLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI values were significantly higher in the schizophrenia-PE group than in the HC group. NLR, MLR, SII, and SIRI values were significantly higher in the schizophrenia-PE group than in the schizophrenia-R group. MLR values were significantly higher in the schizophrenia-R group than in the HC group. CONCLUSION: These findings may be interpreted as NLR, SII, and SIRI, which may be considered as state biomarkers, and MLR may be a trait marker for schizophrenia.

Association of complete blood count parameters with the risk of incident pulmonary heart disease in pneumoconiosis: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Pneumoconiosis mostly combines pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, among which pulmonary heart disease (PHD) is of major concern due to its significant impact on the survival of pneumoconiosis patients. White cell count (WCC), red cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet parameters are thought to affect inflammatory responses and may be predictors of various cardiovascular diseases. However, very few studies have focused on PHD. OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between baseline complete blood count parameters (WCC, RDW, platelet parameters) and the risk of incident PHD in pneumoconiosis patients. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: This was a single-centre, retrospective cohort study that used data from an Occupational Disease Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 946 pneumoconiosis patients from January 2012 to November 2021 were included in the study. Female patients and patients who had PHD, coronary heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, oncological disease, multiple organ dysfunction, AIDS at baseline and follow-up time of less than 6 months were also excluded. OUTCOME MEASURES: We identified PHD according to the patient's discharge diagnosis. We constructed Cox proportional hazard regression models to assess the HR of incident PHD in pneumoconiosis, as well as 95% CIs. RESULTS: In the multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, platelet count (PLT) and plateletcrit (PCT) above the median at baseline were associated with an increased risk of PHD in pneumoconiosis with adjusted HR of 1.52 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.12) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.99), respectively. CONCLUSION: Higher baseline PLT and PCT are associated with a higher risk of PHD in pneumoconiosis.