A thermoresponsive nanocomposite integrates NIR-II-absorbing small molecule with lonidamine for pyroptosis-promoted synergistic immunotherapy.

Photothermal immunotherapy is regarded as the ideal cancer therapeutic modality to against malignant solid tumors; however, its therapeutic benefits are often modest and require improvement. In this study, a thermoresponsive nanoparticle (BTN@LND) composed of a photothermal agent (PTA) and pyroptosis inducer (lonidamine) were developed to enhance immunotherapy applications. Specifically, our "two-step" donor engineering strategy produced the strong NIR-II-absorbing organic small-molecule PTA (BTN) that exhibited high NIR-II photothermal performance (ε1064 = 1.51 × 104 M-1 cm-1, η = 75.8%), and this facilitates the diagnosis and treatment of deep tumor tissue. Moreover, the fabricated thermally responsive lipid nanoplatform based on BTN efficiently delivered lonidamine to the tumor site and achieved spatiotemporal release triggered by the NIR-II photothermal effect. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the NIR-II photothermal therapy (PTT)-mediated on-demand release of cargo effectively faciliated tumor cell pyroptosis, thereby intensifying the immunogenic cell death (ICD) process to promote antitumor immunotherapy. As a result, this intelligent component bearing photothermal and chemotherapy can maximally suppress the growth of tumors, thus providing a promising approach for pyroptosis/NIR-II PTT synergistic therapy against tumors.

Tolerability of Narrow-band Ultraviolet-B Phototherapy for Different Dermatological Diseases in Relation to Co-medications.

Phototherapy is an efficient therapy for a variety of skin diseases. Various drugs can cause photosensitivity and impact tolerability of phototherapy. The tolerability was investigated of narrowband ultraviolet-B 311 nm therapy in dependence on the underlying disease and long-term co-medication. A total of 534 narrowband ultraviolet-B therapy courses were examined. Compared with psoriasis, adverse events were observed more frequently in eczematous diseases and, in some cases, other indications. About two-thirds of all courses were carried out in patients taking at least one photosensitising drug, according to the summaries of product characteristics. Phototherapy was more frequently associated with adverse events when medication was taken concomitantly. When considering the tolerability of phototherapy in dependence on individual substances or drug classes, no statistically significant result was shown after adjustment.

A pH-responsive nanoplatform with dual-modality imaging for enhanced cancer phototherapy and diagnosis of lung metastasis.

To address the limitations of traditional photothermal therapy (PTT)/ photodynamic therapy (PDT) and real-time cancer metastasis detection, a pH-responsive nanoplatform (NP) with dual-modality imaging capability was rationally designed. Herein, 1 H,1 H-undecafluorohexylamine (PFC), served as both an oxygen carrier and a 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe, and photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) were grafted onto the pH-responsive peptide hexahistidine (H6) to form H6-PFC-ICG (HPI). Subsequently, the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, gambogic acid (GA), was incorporated into hyaluronic acid (HA) modified HPI (HHPI), yielding the ultimate HHPI@GA NPs. Upon self-assembly, HHPI@GA NPs passively accumulated in tumor tissues, facilitating oxygen release and HA-mediated cell uptake. Once phagocytosed by lysosomes, protonation of H6 was triggered due to the low pH, resulting in the release of GA. With near-infrared laser irradiation, GA-mediated decreased HSP90 expression and PFC-mediated increased ROS generation amplified the PTT/PDT effect of HHPI@GA, leading to excellent in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacies. Additionally, the fluorescence and 19F MRI dual-imaging capabilities of HHPI@GA NPs enabled effective real-time primary cancer and lung metastasis monitoring. This work offers a novel approach for enhanced cancer phototherapy, as well as precise cancer diagnosis.

Skin Cancer Risk of Narrow-Band UV-B (TL-01) Phototherapy: A Multi-Center Registry Study with 4,815 Patients.

Narrow-band TL-01 ultraviolet B phototherapy (TL-01) is an effective and widely used treatment for many skin diseases. The purpose of the investigation was to assess the risk of skin cancers in patients treated with TL-01 phototherapy who have not received any other phototherapy modalities. This cohort study included 4,815 TL-01 treated patients in Finland with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis. Clinical information was collected from the hospital records and linked with Finnish Cancer Registry data. The follow-up started from the first TL-01 treatment and the mean follow-up time was 8.4 years. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated for basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The standardized incidence ratio for basal cell carcinoma was 2.5 (95% confidence interval 1.8-3.5), for cutaneous melanoma 4.0 (95% confidence interval 2.1-6.8) and for squamous cell carcinoma 3.7 (95% confidence interval 1.7-7.0). For basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, the standardized incidence ratios remained similar during the whole follow-up time while the standardized incidence ratio for cutaneous melanoma was markedly higher during the first 5 years of follow-up. In conclusion, an increased incidence of skin cancers was observed among TL-01 treated patients. It should be confirmed in the future whether the skin cancer risk of TL-01 phototherapy will remain high in a longer follow-up.

Mitochondrial Targeted Thermosensitive Nanocarrier for Near-Infrared-Triggered Precise Synergetic Photothermal Nitric Oxide Chemotherapy.

Nitric oxide (NO) intervenes, that is, a potential treatment strategy, and has attracted wide attention in the field of tumor therapy. However, the therapeutic effect of NO is still poor, due to its short half-life and instability. Therapeutic concentration ranges of NO should be delivered to the target tissue sites, cell, and even subcellular organelles and to control NO generation. Mitochondria have been considered a major target in cancer therapy for their essential roles in cancer cell metabolism and apoptosis. In this study, mesoporous silicon-coated gold nanorods encapsulated with a mitochondria targeted and the thermosensitive lipid layer (AuNR@MSN-lipid-DOX) served as the carrier to load NO prodrug (BNN6) to build the near-infrared-triggered synergetic photothermal NO-chemotherapy platform (AuNR@MSN(BNN6)-lipid-DOX). The core of AuNR@MSN exhibited excellent photothermal conversion capability and high loading efficiency in terms of BNN6, reaching a high value of 220 mg/g (w/w), which achieved near-infrared-triggered precise release of NO. The outer biocompatible lipid layer, comprising thermosensitive phospholipid DPPC and mitochondrial-targeted DSPE-PEG2000-DOX, guided the whole nanoparticle to the mitochondria of 4T1 cells observed through confocal microscopy. In the mitochondria, the nanoparticles increased the local temperature over 42 °C under NIR irradiation, and a high NO concentration from BNN6 detected by the NO probe and DSPE-PEG2000-DOX significantly inhibited 4T1 cancer cells in vitro and in vivo under the synergetic photothermal therapy (PTT)-NO therapy-chemotherapy modes. The built NIR-triggered combination therapy nanoplatform can serve as a strategy for multimodal collaboration.

Phototherapy for vitiligo: A narrative review on the clinical and molecular aspects, and recent literature.

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is characterized by depigmented patches resulting from loss of melanocytes. Phototherapy has emerged as a prominent treatment option for vitiligo, utilizing various light modalities to induce disease stability and repigmentation. AIMS AND METHODS: This narrative review aims to explore the clinical applications and molecular mechanisms of phototherapy in vitiligo. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The review evaluates existing literature on phototherapy for vitiligo, analyzing studies on hospital-based and home-based phototherapy, as well as outcomes related to stabilization and repigmentation. Narrowband ultra-violet B, that is, NBUVB remains the most commonly employed, studied and effective phototherapy modality for vitiligo. Special attention is given to assessing different types of lamps, dosimetry, published guidelines, and the utilization of targeted phototherapy modalities. Additionally, the integration of phototherapy with other treatment modalities, including its use as a depigmenting therapy in generalized/universal vitiligo, is discussed. Screening for anti-nuclear antibodies and tailoring approaches for non-photo-adapters are also examined. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of phototherapy for vitiligo treatment. It underscores the evolving landscape of phototherapy and offers insights into optimizing therapeutic outcomes and addressing the challenges ahead. By integrating clinical evidence with molecular understanding, phototherapy emerges as a valuable therapeutic option for managing vitiligo, with potential for further advancements in the field.

Chaotropic Effect-Induced Sol-Gel Transition and Radical Stabilization for Bacterially Sensitive Near-Infrared Photothermal Therapy.

Deep-seated bacterial infections (DBIs) are stubborn and deeply penetrate tissues. Eliminating deep-seated bacteria and promoting tissue regeneration remain great challenges. Here, a novel radical-containing hydrogel (SFT-B Gel) cross-linked by a chaotropic effect was designed for the sensing of DBIs and near-infrared photothermal therapy (NIR-II PTT). A silk fibroin solution stained with 4,4',4″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(1-methylpyridin-1-ium) (TPT3+) was employed as the backbone, which could be cross-linked by a closo-dodecaborate cluster (B12H122-) through a chaotropic effect to form the SFT-B Gel. More interestingly, the SFT-B Gel exhibited the ability to sense DBIs, which could generate a TPT2+• radical with obvious color changes in the presence of bacteria. The radical-containing SFT-B Gel (SFT-B★ Gel) possessed strong NIR-II absorption and a remarkable photothermal effect, thus demonstrating excellent NIR-II PTT antibacterial activity for the treatment of DBIs. This work provides a new approach for the construction of intelligent hydrogels with unique properties using a chaotropic effect.

Osteosarcoma-targeted Cu and Ce based oxide nanoplatform for NIR II fluorescence/magnetic resonance dual-mode imaging and ros cascade amplification along with immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND: As the lethal bone tumor, osteosarcoma often frequently occurs in children and adolescents with locally destructive and high metastasis. Distinctive kinds of nanoplatform with high therapeutical effect and precise diagnosis for osteosarcoma are urgently required. Multimodal optical imaging and programmed treatment, including synergistic photothermal-chemodynamic therapy (PTT-CDT) elicits immunogenetic cell death (ICD) is a promising strategy that possesses high bio-imaging sensitivity for accurate osteosarcoma delineating as well as appreciable therapeutic efficacy with ignorable side-effects. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, mesoporous Cu and Ce based oxide nanoplatform with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) anchoring is designed and successfully constructed. After loading with indocyanine green, this nanoplatform can be utilized for precisely targeting and efficaciously ablating against osteosarcoma via PTT boosted CDT and the closely following ICD stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, it provides off-peak fluorescence bio-imaging in the second window of near-infrared region (NIR II, 1000-1700 nm) and Magnetic resonance signal, serves as the dual-mode contrast agents for osteosarcoma tissue discrimination. CONCLUSION: Tumor targeted Cu&Ce based mesoporous nanoplatform permits efficient osteosarcoma suppression and dual-mode bio-imaging that opens new possibility for effectively diagnosing and inhibiting the clinical malignant osteosarcoma.

Innovative approaches to neonatal jaundice diagnosis and management in low-resourced settings.

Persistent challenges in addressing severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in resource-constrained settings have led to ongoing and often unacceptable rates of morbidity, disability and mortality. These challenges stem from limitations such as inadequate, inefficient or financially inaccessible diagnostic and therapeutic options. However, over the past decade, noteworthy innovations have emerged to address some of these hurdles, and these innovations are increasingly poised for broader implementation. This review provides a concise summary of these novel, economically viable diagnostic solutions, encompassing point-of-care assays and smartphone applications, as well as treatment modalities, notably more effective phototherapy and filtered sunlight. These advancements hold promise and have the potential to meaningfully reduce the burden of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia, signifying a promising shift in the landscape of neonatal healthcare.

Drug repurposing-based nanoplatform via modulating autophagy to enhance chemo-phototherapy against colorectal cancer.

Multi-modal combination therapy is regarded as a promising approach to cancer treatment. Combining chemotherapy and phototherapy is an essential multi-modal combination therapy endeavor. Ivermectin (IVM) is a potent antiparasitic agent identified as having potential antitumor properties. However, the fact that it induces protective autophagy while killing tumor cells poses a challenge to its further application. IR780 iodide (IR780) is a near-infrared (NIR) dye with outstanding photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects. However, the hydrophobicity, instability, and low tumor uptake of IR780 limit its clinical applications. Here, we have structurally modified IR780 with hydroxychloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, to synthesize a novel compound H780. H780 and IVM can form H780-IVM nanoparticles (H-I NPs) via self-assembly. Using hyaluronic acid (HA) to modify the H-I NPs, a novel nano-delivery system HA/H780-IVM nanoparticles (HA/H-I NPs) was synthesized for chemotherapy-phototherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). Under NIR laser irradiation, HA/H-I NPs effectively overcame the limitations of IR780 and IVM and exhibited potent cytotoxicity. In vitro and in vivo experiment results showed that HA/H-I NPs exhibited excellent anti-CRC effects. Therefore, our study provides a novel strategy for CRC treatment that could enhance chemo-phototherapy by modulating autophagy.

Informed by Cancer Stem Cells of Solid Tumors: Advances in Treatments Targeting Tumor-Promoting Factors and Pathways.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation within tumors that promote cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence due to their self-renewal capacity and resistance to conventional therapies. CSC-specific markers and signaling pathways highly active in CSCs have emerged as a promising strategy for improving patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic targets associated with CSCs of solid tumors across various cancer types, including key molecular markers aldehyde dehydrogenases, CD44, epithelial cellular adhesion molecule, and CD133 and signaling pathways such as Wnt/ß-catenin, Notch, and Sonic Hedgehog. We discuss a wide array of therapeutic modalities ranging from targeted antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and near-infrared photoimmunotherapy to advanced genetic approaches like RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, CAR natural killer cells, bispecific T cell engagers, immunotoxins, drug-antibody conjugates, therapeutic peptides, and dendritic cell vaccines. This review spans developments from preclinical investigations to ongoing clinical trials, highlighting the innovative targeting strategies that have been informed by CSC-associated pathways and molecules to overcome therapeutic resistance. We aim to provide insights into the potential of these therapies to revolutionize cancer treatment, underscoring the critical need for a multi-faceted approach in the battle against cancer. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates how advances made in the CSC field have informed significant developments in novel targeted therapeutic approaches, with the ultimate goal of achieving more effective and durable responses in cancer patients.

Effects of cognitive behavioural therapy and bright light therapy for insomnia in youths with eveningness: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Insomnia and eveningness are common and often comorbid conditions in youths. While cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has been suggested as a promising intervention, it remains unclear whether it is sufficient to also address circadian issues in youths. In addition, despite that light has been shown to be effective in phase-shifting one's circadian rhythm, there has been limited data on the effects of bright light therapy and its combination with CBT-I on sleep and circadian outcomes in youths. The current protocol outlines a randomised controlled trial that examines the efficacy of CBT-I and CBT-I plus bright light therapy (BLT) in reducing insomnia severity, improving mood symptoms and daytime functioning (e.g. sleepiness, fatigue, cognitive function), and improving subjective and objective sleep and circadian measures compared to a waitlist control group. METHODS: We will carry out a randomised controlled trial (RCT) with 150 youths aged 12-24 who meet the criteria of insomnia and eveningness. Participants will be randomised into one of three groups: CBT-I with bright light therapy, CBT-I with placebo light, and waitlist control. Six sessions of CBT-I will be delivered in a group format, while participants will be currently asked to use a portable light device for 30 min daily immediately after awakening throughout the intervention period for bright light therapy. The CBT-I with light therapy group will receive bright constant green light (506 lx) while the CBT-I with placebo light group will receive the modified light device with the LEDs emitting less than 10 lx. All participants will be assessed at baseline and post-treatment, while the two active treatment groups will be additionally followed up at 1 month and 6 months post-intervention. The primary outcome will be insomnia severity, as measured by the Insomnia Severity Index. Secondary outcomes include self-reported mood, circadian, daytime functioning, and quality of life measures, as well as sleep parameters derived from actigraphy and sleep diary and neurocognitive assessments. Objective measures of the circadian phase using dim-light melatonin onset assessment and sleep parameters using polysomnography will also be included as the secondary outcomes. DISCUSSION: This study will be the first RCT to directly compare the effects of CBT-I and BLT in youths with insomnia and eveningness. Findings from the study will provide evidence to inform the clinical management of insomnia problems and eveningness in youths. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04256915. Registered on 5 February 2020.

Analysis of Optimal Treatment Starting Time for Photothermal Therapy Through Analysis of Diffusion Behavior of Gold Nanoparticles.

Introduction: Due to its distinct advantage of non-invasive application in treatment, photothermal therapy (PTT) is being studied by many researchers to reduce the need for surgical incisions. It is characterized by the injection of nanoparticles into biological tissue as photothermal agents (PTAs) which diffuse within the tissue. In this study, the diffusion behavior of various doses of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) injected into tumor tissues is analyzed and the effectiveness of PTT at each elapsed time after injection is confirmed by numerical analysis. Methods: The diffusion behavior of AuNPs within biological tissues is assessed using the convection-diffusion equation, while the temperature distribution is determined using the Pennes bioheat transfer equation. In addition, the effect of the diffusion behavior of AuNPs on the effectiveness of PTT is quantitatively confirmed by analyzing the temperature distribution in the medium through the apoptotic variable. Numerical simulation parameters are selected with doses ranging from 100 to 400 µg/mL, elapsed time after injection from 1 min to 24 h, and laser power ranging from 0 to 1 W. Results: After evaluating PTT's efficacy in every situation, it was discovered that a dosage of 100-300 µg/mL produced the best therapeutic result, with the highest impact occurring 12 hours after injection. In contrast, when the dosage was 400 µg/mL, the highest therapeutic effect was achieved after 18 hours post-injection. Additionally, it was discovered that the ideal laser power at each injection dose was 0.22, 0.14, 0.12, and 0.12 W, respectively. Conclusion: The conditions required to achieve the optimal treatment effect at each dosage, presented here, are expected to accelerate the commercialization of PTT.

Synthesis and study of optical properties of a Gd3+-doped NaYF4 phosphor for phototherapy lamp application.

In recent trends, radiation falls under the narrowband ultraviolet-B region (305-315 nm) widely used in phototherapy lamp applications in the treatment of skin diseases. In this paper, we report a Gd3+-doped NaYF4 luminescent material synthesized for the first time using the low-temperature co-precipitation method. It crystallized into a face-centred cubic structure, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction characterization techniques and Rietveld refinement. The photoluminescence property of the as-prepared sample shows a highly intense, sharp emission band obtained at 311 nm, which belongs to the narrowband ultraviolet-B region and corresponds to the transition of the 6P7/2→8S7/2 level of the Gd3+ ions under 272 nm excitation (8S7/2 to 6IJ). The transitions of the Gd3+ ions are detected entirely with different concentrations of Gd3+ ions. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the average particle was 288 nm. The critical distance for energy transfer was calculated to be equal to 11.5017 Å. Dipole-dipole interaction is responsible for energy transfer, as analyzed by Dexter theory. These excellent optical characteristics, together with their highly efficient and low-cost synthesis approach, indicate that synthesized NaYF4:Gd3+ phosphors have excessive potential for phototherapeutic lamp applications.

Efficacy and safety of excimer light (308 nm) in the treatment of pityriasis lichenoides chronica.

INTRODUCTION: Pityriasis lichenoides chronica is the chronic end of the spectrum of pityriasis lichenoides which have several forms of papulosuamous conditions. Several treatments obtained complete clearance of the condition including phototherapy and specifically narrow band ultraviolet B. The Excimer light 308 is a monochromatic light that acts within the ultraviolet B wavelength and used as a targeted phototherapy in several skin conditions. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with histopathologically diagnosed pityriasis lichenoides chronica underwent treatment with biweekly sessions of excimer light 308 nm. Treatment continued until complete clearance was obtained or to a maximum of 48 sessions (24 weeks). RESULTS: Thirty-one patients obtained complete clearance with no recurrence till the end of the study period, two patients had partial response and only one patient showed poor response to treatment. CONCLUSION: Excimer light can be a safe and effective treatment of pityriasis lichinoides chronica in different ages and genders.

Oxidized cellulose-filled double thermo/pH-sensitive hydrogel for local chemo-photothermal therapy in breast cancer.

Lumpectomy plus radiation is a treatment option offering better survival than conventional mastectomy for patients with early-stage breast cancer. However, successive radioactive therapy remains tedious and unsafe with severe adverse reactions and secondary injury. Herein, a composite hydrogel with pH- and photothermal double-sensitive activity is developed via physical crosslinking. The composite hydrogel incorporated with tempo-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and a polydopamine (PDA) coating for photothermal therapy (PTT) triggered in situ release of doxorubicin (DOX) drug was utilized to optimize postoperative strategies of malignant tumors inhibition. The incorporation of TOCN significantly affects the performance of composite hydrogels. The best-performing TOCN/PVA7 was selected for drug loading and polydopamine coating by rational design. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the composite hydrogel exhibited high NIR photothermal conversion efficiency, benign cytotoxicity to L929 cells, pH-dependent release profiles, and strong MCF-7 cell inhibitory effects. Then the TOCN/PVA7-PDA@DOX hydrogel is implanted into the tumor resection cavity for local in vivo chemo-photothermal synergistical therapy to ablate residue tumor tissues. Overall, this work suggests that such a chemo-photothermal hydrogel delivery system has great potential as a promising tool for the postsurgical management of breast cancer.

Macrophage membrane (MMs) camouflaged near-infrared (NIR) responsive bone defect area targeting nanocarrier delivery system (BTNDS) for rapid repair: promoting osteogenesis via phototherapy and modulating immunity.

Bone defects remain a significant challenge in clinical orthopedics, but no targeted medication can solve these problems. Inspired by inflammatory targeting properties of macrophages, inflammatory microenvironment of bone defects was exploited to develop a multifunctional nanocarrier capable of targeting bone defects and promoting bone regeneration. The avidin-modified black phosphorus nanosheets (BP-Avidin, BPAvi) were combined with biotin-modified Icaritin (ICT-Biotin, ICTBio) to synthesize Icaritin (ICT)-loaded black phosphorus nanosheets (BPICT). BPICT was then coated with macrophage membranes (MMs) to obtain MMs-camouflaged BPICT (M@BPICT). Herein, MMs allowed BPICT to target bone defects area, and BPICT accelerated the release of phosphate ions (PO43-) and ICT when exposed to NIR irradiation. PO43- recruited calcium ions (Ca2+) from the microenvironment to produce Ca3(PO4)2, and ICT increased the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins. Additionally, M@BPICT can decrease M1 polarization of macrophage and expression of pro-inflammatory factors to promote osteogenesis. According to the results, M@BPICT provided bone growth factor and bone repair material, modulated inflammatory microenvironment, and activated osteogenesis-related signaling pathways to promote bone regeneration. PTT could significantly enhance these effects. This strategy not only offers a solution to the challenging problem of drug-targeted delivery in bone defects but also expands the biomedical applications of MMs-camouflaged nanocarriers.

Potential Exploration of Biocompatible Carbon-Coated MoSe2 Nanoparticles for Exploration of the Photothermal Potential in the Treatment of Human Choriocarcinoma.

Background: Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2), as a nano near-infrared absorber, has been widely studied in the field of photothermal therapy of cancer. However, there is little research on its application in the treatment of human choriocarcinoma. Methods and Results: In this paper, a new type of carbon-coated MoSe2 (MEC) nanoparticles was prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. The chemical characterization including SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, Roman, and XPS showed that MEC was successfully synthesized. MEC exhibited a high photothermal conversion efficiency (50.97%) and extraordinary photothermal stability under laser irradiation. The cell experiment results showed that MEC had good biocompatibility on normal cells while significant photothermal effect on human choriocarcinoma (JEG-3) cells, achieving a good anticancer effect. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in JEG-3 cells was significantly increased under the combination of MEC nanoparticles and near-infrared radiation. MEC nanoparticles could induce apoptosis of JEG-3 cells in combination with near-infrared radiation. Finally, transcriptomic analysis verified that MEC combined with laser radiation could inhibit DNA replication and induce apoptosis, thus improving its therapeutic effect on human choriocarcinoma. Conclusion: MEC nanoparticles exert an excellent photothermal effect and may become an important candidate drug for the treatment of human choriocarcinoma.