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2.
AMA J Ethics ; 26(8): E634-639, 2024 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39088410

RESUMO

Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) are well suited to address health-harming legal needs associated with the collateral consequences of mass incarceration in the United States, such as those that limit access to food, housing, employment, and family reunification postrelease. MLP innovations seek to expand the current model to address patients' criminal, as well as postrelease, civil legal needs by including community health workers and some patients as legal partners and creating coalitions to promote local and state policy change. Overall, this article explains how these MLP innovations can support rights of people returning to communities after incarceration and can be leveraged to mitigate criminal legal system involvement.


Assuntos
Prisioneiros , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Direito Penal , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde , Direitos Civis/legislação & jurisprudência , Comportamento Cooperativo , Criminosos/psicologia
3.
J Hist Ideas ; 85(3): 479-508, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39069905

RESUMO

Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès's 1795 proposal for a Constitutional Jury is usually portrayed as the first proposal for an institution to control the constitutionality of laws, and thus the ancestor of the modern constitutional court. Challenging this view, this article resituates the Constitutional Jury in a broader transatlantic tradition concerned with creating a conservative power, a non-judicial and explicitly political constitutional guardian, and demonstrates the influence of the 1776 Pennsylvania Council of Censors on Sieyès's Constitutional Jury. Drawing upon the insights provided by this tradition, it then reevaluates the history of constitutionalism and the contemporary crisis of constitutional guardianship.


Assuntos
Constituição e Estatutos , Pennsylvania , História do Século XVIII , Política , França , Direitos Civis/história , Direitos Civis/legislação & jurisprudência , Jurisprudência/história
4.
J Law Health ; 37(3): 214-224, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38833604

RESUMO

In Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College and Students for Fair Admissions v. University of North Carolina, the Supreme Court ruled that affirmative action in university admissions, in which an applicant of a particular race or ethnicity receives a plus factor, is unconstitutional. This ruling was based on both the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This article argues that a more natural fit as the basis for constitutional analysis would be a different clause in the Fourteenth Amendment, the Privileges or Immunities Clause. In the article, a legal analysis based on the clause is applied to medical school admissions. Depending on whether a fundamental rights reading or an antidiscrimination (equality) reading of the clause is applied, opposite conclusions are reached on the constitutionality of affirmative action in medical school admissions. This analysis demonstrates why affirmative action in admissions--in this case medical school admissions, which directly affect the composition of the Nation's physician workforce--is a complex and difficult constitutional question.


Assuntos
Critérios de Admissão Escolar , Faculdades de Medicina , Humanos , Faculdades de Medicina/legislação & jurisprudência , Estados Unidos , Educação Médica/legislação & jurisprudência , Decisões da Suprema Corte , Direitos Civis/legislação & jurisprudência
6.
Am J Orthopsychiatry ; 94(4): 412-421, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38695819

RESUMO

This commentary examines key mental health policies across four transformative historical periods in America: the aftermath of World War II (1939-1946), the Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968), the Great Recession (2007-2009), and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023). The post-WWII era established today's foundational mental health system, emphasizing military personnel, as reflected in the National Mental Health Act of 1946. During the Civil Rights Movement, the focus shifted toward community equality, leading to the Community Mental Health Act of 1963. The economic challenges of the Great Recession, especially affecting young adults, prompted a deep dive into the Affordable Care Act. The social isolation and economic suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic led to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. The article highlights the need for a more inclusive policy development approach, one that recognizes and integrates the unique perspectives of young adults in shaping mental health policies and discourse. It concludes with recommendations to guide future policy evolution for enhanced mental health and societal well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Política de Saúde , Saúde Mental , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Política de Saúde/história , História do Século XX , Adulto Jovem , Direitos Civis/história , Serviços de Saúde Mental/história , História do Século XXI , II Guerra Mundial , Recessão Econômica/história , Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
7.
J Law Med Ethics ; 52(1): 196-204, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38818607

RESUMO

This Paper argues that to protect at-risk communities - and all Americans - from the deadly effects of environmental racism, Congress must pass the Environmental Justice for All Act. The Act is intended to "restore, reaffirm, and reconcile environmental justice and civil rights." It does so by restoring an individual's right to sue in federal court for discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or national origin regardless of intent under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, strengthening the National Environmental Policy Act, and providing economic incentives focused on environmental justice.


Assuntos
Neoplasias , Racismo , Humanos , Racismo/legislação & jurisprudência , Estados Unidos , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Direitos Civis/legislação & jurisprudência , Justiça Ambiental
8.
J Law Med Ethics ; 52(1): 151-168, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38818606

RESUMO

Industry-funded religious liberty legal groups have sought to undermine healthcare policy and law while simultaneously attacking the rights of sexual and gender minorities. Whereas past scholarship has tracked religiously-affiliated healthcare providers' growing political power and attendant transformations to legal doctrine, our account emphasizes the political donors and visionaries who have leveraged religious providers and the U.S. healthcare system's delegated structure to transform social policy and bureaucratic agencies more generally.


Assuntos
Direitos Civis , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Direitos Civis/legislação & jurisprudência , Estados Unidos , Política de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/legislação & jurisprudência , Governo Estadual , Liberdade
13.
Child Adolesc Ment Health ; 29(2): 206-208, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38475944

RESUMO

Involuntary treatment is a complex dialectic balancing self-autonomy and the individual's right to consent to treatment with society's duty to protect those suffering from severe mental illness who are at risk of causing harm to themselves or others. When necessary, involuntary treatment should provide evidence-based and medically justified care, with sufficient oversight and due process to protect the rights of patients. Clinically, the issue is not whether involuntary treatment should ever be used, but rather what other services are needed to enhance the quality of care within comprehensive community systems of care, thus limiting or preventing the need for involuntary interventions while also improving the outcomes of individuals affected by severe mental illness.


Assuntos
Tratamento Involuntário , Transtornos Mentais , Humanos , Internação Compulsória de Doente Mental , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Direitos Civis
15.
Am J Public Health ; 114(3): 340-346, 2024 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38330256

RESUMO

Unaccompanied immigrant children continue to arrive at the US-Mexico border and are at high risk for ongoing abuse, neglect, and poor mental and physical health. We are medical and legal experts in the fields of immigrant and refugee health, child abuse, and the legal rights of international refugee and migrant children. We provide an overview of US federal agencies with custody of unaccompanied immigrant children, a summary of medical care provided while in custody, and recent findings from the independent Juvenile Care Monitor Report mandating new custodial conditions for immigrant children while in federal custody. We provide recommendations to improve the health and well-being of unaccompanied immigrant children while in custody and once released to US sponsors. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(3):340-346. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307570).


Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis , Serviços de Saúde da Criança , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Refugiados , Migrantes , Criança , Humanos , Direitos Civis
17.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am ; 33(2): 151-161, 2024 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38395502

RESUMO

This article addresses the mental health rights of unaccompanied children, the ways in which the US immigration system does not sufficiently support children's mental health, and how clinicians can play a role in meeting immigrant children's mental health needs.


Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Refugiados , Criança , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Direitos Humanos , Direitos Civis , Governo , Refugiados/psicologia
18.
Dev World Bioeth ; 24(1): 37-48, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38324653

RESUMO

Should people have a legal human right to health? And, if so, what exactly does protecting this right require? This essay defends some answers to these questions recently articulated in Global Health Impact. It explains how these answers depend on a particular way of thinking about health and the minimally good life, how quality of life matters at and over time, what various agents should do to help people who are unable to live well enough, and many other things. Moreover, it suggests some ways of improving common metrics for measuring and advancing our collective global health impact.


Assuntos
Saúde Global , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Direitos Civis
19.
Dev World Bioeth ; 24(1): 21-30, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38335307

RESUMO

Many believe the existence of a moral right to some good should lead to recognition of a corresponding legal right to that good. If, for instance, there is a moral right to healthcare, it is natural to believe countries should recognize a legal right to healthcare. This article demonstrates that justifying legal rights to healthcare is more difficult than many assume. The existence of a moral right is insufficient to justify recognition of a corresponding justiciable constitutional right. Further conditions on when it is appropriate to recognize constitutional rights are rarely satisfied in the healthcare case. And focusing on aspirational or statutory rights presents costs for those seeking to justify legal rights on the basis of corresponding moral ones while maintaining empirical challenges for justifying constitutional rights. This suggests movement from a moral right to a corresponding legal one is far from straightforward and justifies examining alternative means of realizing moral socio-economic rights such as the proposed moral right to healthcare.


Assuntos
Direitos Civis , Princípios Morais , Humanos
20.
Milbank Q ; 102(1): 43-63, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38219273

RESUMO

Policy Points People with disabilities experience a vicious cycle of poverty, poor health, and marginalization partly because of the inequitable implementation and enforcement of laws, including underenforcement of civil rights and housing laws and overenforcement of punitive nuisance and criminal laws. Inequitable enforcement reflects policy choices that prioritize powerful entities (e.g., landlords, developers) to the detriment of people who experience intersectional structural discrimination based on, for example, race, disability, and income. Equitable enforcement, a process of ensuring compliance with the law while considering and minimizing harms to marginalized people, can promote health and disability justice by increasing access to safe, stable, and accessible housing.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Habitação , Humanos , Promoção da Saúde , Direitos Civis , Direito Penal , Aplicação da Lei
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