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1.
Parasitol Res ; 123(9): 313, 2024 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39218960

RESUMO

The practice of hybridization is carried out globally in fish farms. Here, we present the first record of the parasitic fauna of hybrids among genus Colossoma and Piaractus in natural environments. We identified a total of 48 hybrids, nine F1 hybrids (nuclear DNA from both species present in the cross) and 38 advanced hybrids (nuclear DNA from one species), both from crosses between Piaractus brachypomus and Piaractus mesopotamicus, and one F1 "tambacu" corresponding to cross between Colossoma macropomum and Piaractus mesopotamicus. This is the first record of Anacanthorus penilabiatus, Anacanthorus toledoensis, Mymarothecium viatorum, Mymarothecium ianwhittington, Haementeria sp., Dadaytrema oxycephala, Rondonia rondoni, and Echinorhynchus gomesi parasitizing hybrids collected in a natural environment. With this, we expand knowledge about the diversity of fish and parasites in the upper Paraná River and warn about the risk that fish escapes can cause in the basin.


Assuntos
Hibridização Genética , Animais , Caraciformes/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Parasitos/classificação , Parasitos/genética , Parasitos/isolamento & purificação , Rios , Brasil , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia
2.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 20402, 2024 09 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39223262

RESUMO

Multiple sex chromosomes usually arise from chromosomal rearrangements which involve ancestral sex chromosomes. There is a fundamental condition to be met for their long-term fixation: the meiosis must function, leading to the stability of the emerged system, mainly concerning the segregation of the sex multivalent. Here, we sought to analyze the degree of differentiation and meiotic pairing properties in the selected fish multiple sex chromosome system present in the wolf-fish Hoplias malabaricus (HMA). This species complex encompasses seven known karyotype forms (karyomorphs) where the karyomorph C (HMA-C) exhibits a nascent XY sex chromosomes from which the multiple X1X2Y system evolved in karyomorph HMA-D via a Y-autosome fusion. We combined genomic and cytogenetic approaches to analyze the satellite DNA (satDNA) content in the genome of HMA-D karyomorph and to investigate its potential contribution to X1X2Y sex chromosome differentiation. We revealed 56 satDNA monomers of which the majority was AT-rich and with repeat units longer than 100 bp. Seven out of 18 satDNA families chosen for chromosomal mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) formed detectable accumulation in at least one of the three sex chromosomes (X1, X2 and neo-Y). Nine satDNA monomers showed only two hybridization signals limited to HMA-D autosomes, and the two remaining ones provided no visible FISH signals. Out of seven satDNAs located on the HMA-D sex chromosomes, five mapped also to XY chromosomes of HMA-C. We showed that after the autosome-Y fusion event, the neo-Y chromosome has not substantially accumulated or eliminated satDNA sequences except for minor changes in the centromere-proximal region. Finally, based on the obtained FISHpatterns, we speculate on the possible contribution of satDNA to sex trivalent pairing and segregation.


Assuntos
Caraciformes , DNA Satélite , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Cromossomos Sexuais , Animais , DNA Satélite/genética , Cromossomos Sexuais/genética , Masculino , Caraciformes/genética , Feminino , Evolução Molecular , Meiose/genética , Cariótipo , Cromossomo Y/genética
3.
Mol Biol Rep ; 51(1): 977, 2024 Sep 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39259380

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: B chromosomes are extra non-essential elements present in several eukaryotes. Unlike A chromosomes which are essential and present in all individuals of a species, B chromosomes are not necessary for normal functioning of an organism. Formerly regarded as genetically inactive, B chromosomes have been discovered to not only express their own genes, but also to exert influence on gene expression in A chromosomes. Recent studies have shown that, in some Psalidodon (Characiformes, Characidae) species, B chromosomes might be associated with phenotypic effects, such as changes in the reproductive cycle and gene expression. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we aimed to establish stable reference genes for RT-qPCR experiments conducted on gonads of three fish species within Psalidodon genus, both in the presence and absence of B chromosomes. The stability of five selected reference genes was assessed using NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper, and RefFinder algorithms. We determined ppiaa and pgk1 as the most stable genes in P. fasciatus, whereas ppiaa and hmbsa showed the highest stability in P. bockmanni. For P. paranae, tbp and hprt1 were the most stable genes in females, and ppiaa and hprt1 were the most stable in males. CONCLUSIONS: We determined the most stable reference genes in gonads of three Psalidodon species considering the presence of B chromosomes. This is the first report of reference gene stability in the genus and provides valuable tools to better understand the effects of B chromosomes at gene expression level.


Assuntos
Cromossomos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Cromossomos/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/normas , Padrões de Referência , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/normas , Gônadas/metabolismo , Characidae/genética , Caraciformes/genética
4.
PLoS One ; 19(8): e0305093, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39106269

RESUMO

The use of anesthetic agents in the management of fish in fish farming or ornamental fish breeding aims to minimize stress and promote animal welfare. Therefore, this study aims to investigate behavioral, electrocardiographic, and ventilatory characteristics of tambaquis exposed to anesthetic baths with etomidate. The study was conducted with juvenile tambaquis (27.38 ± 3.5g) n = 99, at etomidate concentrations of 2-4 mg.L -1, analyzing induction and anesthetic recovery behavior (experiment I), electrocardiogram (experiment II), and opercular movement (experiment III). Fish exposed to high concentrations of etomidate reached the stage of general anesthesia faster, however, the recovery time was longer, characterizing a dose-dependent relationship. Cardiorespiratory analyzes demonstrated a reduction in heart rate (69.19%) and respiratory rate (40.70%) depending on the concentration of etomidate used during anesthetic induction. During the recovery period, there was cardiorespiratory reversibility to normality. Therefore, etomidate proved to be safe as an anesthetic agent for this species at concentrations of 2 to 3 mg.L -1 for short-term anesthesia, but at higher doses the animals showed slow reversibility of anesthesia in a gradual manner and without excitability. The hemodynamic effect due to the rapid decrease in heart rate includes a negative factor of using higher concentrations of etomidate for Colossome macropomum anesthesia.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Etomidato , Frequência Cardíaca , Etomidato/farmacologia , Animais , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Caraciformes/fisiologia , Anestésicos/farmacologia , Anestesia/métodos , Anestésicos Intravenosos/farmacologia , Fenômenos Eletrofisiológicos/efeitos dos fármacos
5.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 96(3): e20230662, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39166651

RESUMO

This study evaluated the digestibility of whole mango (Mangifera indica) meal (WMM) and determined the growth performance, intestinal enzyme activity, and metabolic and hematologic responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles fed diets containing different proportions of corn meal (CM) substitution by WMM. Fish fed with graded levels of WMM (0 (control), 80, 160, 240, and 320 g kg diet-1), replacing part of the dietary CM. The apparent digestibility coefficients of WMM were above 96%. Diets with WMM did not affect growth performance or intestinal enzyme activity. However, they showed a positive linear effect on plasma glucose, amino acids, and albumin levels and a negative linear effect on hepatic aspartate aminotransferase activity and hepatic glycogen, plasma cholesterol, and hemoglobin levels. Increased erythrocyte values and decreased plasma triglyceride levels were verified in fish fed 80 and 160 g WMM kg diet-1. In conclusion, the WMM may be a viable alternative to the tambaqui juveniles' diet, and WMM could replace up to 16% of CM without harming the growth and health of tambaqui juveniles.


Assuntos
Ração Animal , Mangifera , Zea mays , Animais , Ração Animal/análise , Digestão/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/fisiologia , Caraciformes/fisiologia , Caraciformes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Caraciformes/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Fígado/metabolismo
6.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e285436, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39166694

RESUMO

The coastal lagoons of the Tramandaí River basin are dynamic ecosystems characterized by high biodiversity. They provide important ecosystem services, such as water supply for human consumption, industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, leisure activities, tourism and fishing. Constant increases in the human population and the use and occupation of the land around the lagoons has brought growing demands for their resources, resulting in increased pressure that compromises these ecosystems. Understanding how biological populations respond to these anthropogenic pressures is essential. This study examined whether the degree of urbanization around 23 lagoons in the Tramandaí River basin influences the size and biomass of the characid fish species Diapoma alburnum. Specimens were collected between 2009 and 2012 using standardized drag nets. All specimens were measured for standard length to determine average length (size) per lagoon, while all fish collected per lagoon were weighed together to determine average biomass per lagoon by dividing by the number of specimens. Urbanization around the lagoons was measured using satellite images representing artificial nocturnal light as a proxy for urbanization. Nocturnal light intensity was measured within 1 km, 3 km, and 5 km buffers around each lagoon. The resulting urbanization index ranged 6 - 44% for the 5 km buffer, from 3 - 55% for the 3 km buffer and 1 - 65% for the 1 km buffer. Regression analyses showed a significant positive relationship with increasing urbanization around lagoons for D. alburnum average biomass in the 3 km and 5 km buffers and for D. alburnum average length in the 3 km buffer. Although urbanization around the lagoons is not fully established, the results indicate its impact on the size and biomass of D. alburnum.


Assuntos
Biomassa , Densidade Demográfica , Rios , Urbanização , Animais , Brasil , Caraciformes/anatomia & histologia , Caraciformes/classificação , Caraciformes/fisiologia , Estações do Ano
7.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 33(3): e004924, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39194144

RESUMO

In aquaculture worldwide, most of the chemotherapeutic agents used for disease control and treatment are unregulated chemical products derived from agriculture. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of therapeutic baths with albendazole against the monogeneans Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri, which infest the gills of Colossoma macropomum, and the hematological and histopathological effects of this anthelmintic agent on these fish. Albendazole at a concentration of 500 mg/L was used in three baths of 24 hours each, with intervals of 24 hours between these baths. Three replications of this treatment were used, and the control group consisted of water from the cultivation tank. Afterwards, hematological, histopathological and parasitological analyses were conducted. We found that the therapeutic baths with albendazole at 500 mg/L presented high efficacy (94.9%) against monogeneans de C. macropomum and caused few physiological or histopathological alterations. Therefore, baths with albendazole at 500 mg/L, as used in this strategy, can be recommended for controlling and treating infections by monogeneans in C. macropomum.


Assuntos
Albendazol , Anti-Helmínticos , Doenças dos Peixes , Animais , Doenças dos Peixes/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Albendazol/farmacologia , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Caraciformes/parasitologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterinária , Infecções por Trematódeos/parasitologia , Trematódeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Platelmintos/efeitos dos fármacos
8.
PLoS One ; 19(8): e0300830, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39190628

RESUMO

Comparative mitogenomics and its evolutionary relationships within Bryconidae remains largely unexplored. To bridge this gap, this study assembled 15 mitogenomes from 11 Bryconidae species, including five newly sequenced. Salminus mitogenomes, exceeding 17,700 bp, exhibited the largest size, contrasting with a median size of 16,848 bp in the remaining species (Brycon and Chilobrycon). These mitogenomes encode 37 typical mitochondrial genes, including 13 protein-coding, 2 ribosomal RNA, and 22 transfer RNA genes, and exhibit the conserved gene arrangement found in most fish species. Phylogenetic relationships, based on the maximum-likelihood method, revealed that the trans-Andean species (found in northwestern South America) clustered into two main sister clades. One clade comprised the trans-Andean species from the Pacific slope, Brycon chagrensis and Chilobrycon deuterodon. The other clade grouped the trans-Andean species from the Magdalena-Cauca Basin Brycon moorei and Salminus affinis, with their respective cis-Andean congeners (found in eastern South America), with Brycon rubricauda as its sister clade. Since the current members of Brycon are split in three separated lineages, the systematic classification of Bryconidae requires further examination. This study provides novel insights into mitogenome characteristics and evolutionary pathways within Bryconidae, standing as crucial information for prospective phylogenetic and taxonomic studies, molecular ecology, and provides a valuable resource for environmental DNA applications.


Assuntos
Caraciformes , Genoma Mitocondrial , Filogenia , Animais , Caraciformes/genética , Caraciformes/classificação , RNA de Transferência/genética , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Evolução Molecular , América do Sul
9.
Acta Parasitol ; 69(3): 1403-1410, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39115652

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This paper aims to describe Plenivitellinum kifi n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Azygiidae) infecting the gastrointestinal tract of the African tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau, 1861 (Characiformes: Alestidae) in the Kavango River, Namibia. We revise the diagnosis of Azygiidae Lühe, 1909 to accommodate this new species. METHODS: The worm was heat-killed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, stained in Van Cleave's and Ehrlich's hematoxylins, cleared in clove oil, and mounted on glass slide using Canada balsam. RESULTS: The new azygiid resembles species of Otodistomum Stafford, 1904 by having an elongate body, a ventral sucker that is wider than the oral sucker and that is in the anterior half of the body, a pre-testicular ovary, a uterus that primarily occupies the inter-caecal space between the ovary and the ventral sucker, and a vitellarium that is restricted to the hindbody and that is confluent posteriorly in the post-testicular region. The new genus differs from all species of Azygiidae by having the combination of a ventral sucker that is wider than the oral sucker (vs. narrower), an elongate prostatic sac that extends posteriad to near the posterior margin of the ventral sucker (vs. an ovoid prostatic sac that is wholly anterior to or slightly overlaps the anterior margin of the ventral sucker), a vitellarium that nearly fills the post-testicular space and that extends posteriad beyond the caecal tips (vs. a vitellarium that is separate posteriorly or that is restricted to the anterior half of the post-testicular space and does not extend posteriad beyond the caecal tips), and an I-shaped excretory bladder (vs. Y-shaped). CONCLUSION: This study documents the first record of an azygiid from Africa and the first record of an azygiid infecting a characiform fish.


Assuntos
Caraciformes , Doenças dos Peixes , Rios , Trematódeos , Infecções por Trematódeos , Animais , Trematódeos/classificação , Trematódeos/isolamento & purificação , Trematódeos/anatomia & histologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterinária , Infecções por Trematódeos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Rios/parasitologia , Caraciformes/parasitologia , Namíbia , Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologia
10.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e278486, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38985059

RESUMO

The present study evaluated the hematological, antiparasitic and growth responses in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed with diets supplemented with the microalgae Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris (0%; 10% A. platensis; 10% C. vulgaris; and 5% A. platensis+5% C. vulgaris). Tambaqui (n=60, 62.57 ± 8.76 g) were fed for 20 days with experimental diets. Blood samples collection was done to determine hematological parameters, and gills were removed to identify and count monogenetic parasites. Supplementation with A. platensis 10% reduced red blood cells count, in consequence mean corpuscular volume and mean hemoglobin concentration increased. Total leukocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts reduced with the use of A. platensis. Higher monocytes, eosinophil, and basophil numbers in tambaqui fed with diet supplemented with 10% C. vulgaris were observed and may have been due to the presence of immunostimulants in this microalga composition. Reduction on total cholesterol in tambaqui that received both microalgae (A. platensis 5%+C. vulgaris 5%) may indicate that combined supplementation presented greater benefits to the health for C. macropomum than separately. Both microalgae were efficient against monogenetic parasites of tambaqui. Thus, the dietary use of the microalgae A. platensis and C. vulgaris provided immunostimulant and antiparasitic efficacy in C. macropomum.


Assuntos
Chlorella vulgaris , Spirulina , Chlorella vulgaris/química , Animais , Suplementos Nutricionais , Caraciformes , Microalgas/química
11.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e281971, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38985061

RESUMO

Producers of fish have been looking for viable alternatives for the management of Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) in confinement systems in order to avoid the harm and subsequent losses caused by parasitic diseases. One alternative used by farmers is pesticides, such as trichlorfon, which has a genotoxic effect. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in gene expression due to the side effects of trichlorfon in tambaqui. Two treatments were used based on LC50-96h of 0.870 mg/L using 30% and 50% trichlorfon with exposure periods of 48, 72 and 96 h. For differential expression of the genes in the liver, real-time PCR was performed for the AChE, GST, CYP2J6, CYP2C8, 18S and GAPDH genes. After 96 h of exposure to trichlorfon, an alteration in the gene expression profile of the antioxidant defense system (GST) of the tambaqui was observed. It was also observed that this organophosphate did not affect the expression of genes related to the isoenzymes that are responsible for the biotransformation of xenobiotics in phase I (2J6 and 2C8) and cholinesterase AChE. It was concluded that the reduction in gene expression of GST suggests a decrease in metabolization capacity in phase II.


Assuntos
Caraciformes , Triclorfon , Animais , Triclorfon/toxicidade , Biomarcadores , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Inseticidas/toxicidade
12.
J Comp Physiol B ; 194(4): 443-455, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38958740

RESUMO

The present study investigated the best photoperiod for culturing pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) based on its growth performance and hematological and oxidative stress responses. Juveniles (∼ 5 g) were subjected to five treatments (in triplicate): 24 L (light):0D (dark), 15 L: 09D, 12 L:12D, 9 L:15D, and 0 L:24D for 45 days. A total of 225 pacu individuals were randomly distributed among 15 tanks of 210 L (n = 15 per tank). Zootechnical, hematological (glucose, lactate, hematocrit, and hemoglobin), and antioxidant and oxidative stress parameters (glutathione S-transferase (GST), total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed. The zootechnical parameters (e.g., weight gain, Fulton's condition factor, and specific growth rate) were better and worse with 9 L:15D and 24 L:0D photoperiods, respectively. The hepatosomatic index was higher and lower in the 0 L:24D and 9 L:15D photoperiods. Blood lactate levels and antioxidant and oxidative stress responses were increased in the longest photoperiods (15 L:9D and 24 L:0D). In contrast, the treatments that showed lower oxidative damage (liver, gills, brain, and muscle) were 9 L:15D and 12 L:12D. In conclusion, manipulating artificial light is one way to improve fish growth and health, where the best photoperiod for pacu farming in RAS is 9 L:15D.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Aquicultura , Estresse Oxidativo , Fotoperíodo , Animais , Aquicultura/métodos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Caraciformes/fisiologia , Caraciformes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Caraciformes/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo
13.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 56(5): 185, 2024 Jun 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38837066

RESUMO

This study evaluated the growth and physiological response of proactive and reactive Colossoma macropomum juveniles in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). In Phase 1 of the experiment (50 days of cultivation), juveniles, weighing 2.16 ± 0.52 g, were stocked in 12 28-L tanks to test the following treatments: proactive (PT), reactive (RT) and mixed (MT) composed of reactive (MRT) and proactive (MPT) animals. In Phase 2 of the experiment (40 days of cultivation), the animals were transferred to 175-L tanks with the same treatments as Phase 1. The animals were fed twice a day with commercial diet during both phases. After Phase 1, MPT animals showed higher growth than MRT animals (P < 0.05), and higher weight gain and daily weight than PT animals (P < 0.05). After Phase 2, PT animals showed higher weight gain and daily weight gain than RT and MT animals (P < 0.05), as did MPT animals compared to PT animals. Performance for RT animals was superior (P < 0.05) to that of MRT animals. Glucose (P < 0.04) and cholesterol (P < 0.01) were higher for RT animals compared to PT animals. Cholesterol was higher for MPT animals compared to MRT animals (P < 0.01), while plasma protein was lower (P < 0.001). Glucose (P < 0.001) and cholesterol (P < 0.01) were higher for MPT animals compared to PT animals and for MRT animals compared to RT animals (glucose P < 0.02, cholesterol P < 0.01). After 90 days of cultivation, proactive animals cultivated separately presented better performance. When cultivated together, reactive animals experienced a decrease in performance and both stress coping styles showed more signs of stress.


Assuntos
Aquicultura , Animais , Aquicultura/métodos , Caraciformes/fisiologia , Caraciformes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aumento de Peso , Colesterol/sangue , Colesterol/análise , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária
14.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 33(2): e000124, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38896753

RESUMO

Astyanax lacustris is a small characid fish widely distributed in Brazil, with fast-growing and omnivorous feeding habits. Although the species presents economic and ecological importance, little is known about its parasitological fauna in stream environments. This study aimed to characterize the parasitic fauna of A. lacustris in two streams in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Fifty-two specimens of A. lacustris were collected, 22 from the Carolina stream (Lower Iguaçu River) and 30 from the Carreira stream (Upper Paraná River), in July and September 2018. In both streams, there was a low richness of parasites, and the structure of the parasitic community was predominantly composed of monogeneans. These findings may be associated with the gregarious behavior of the host species. Moreover, the low occurrence of endohelminths, may be associated with the fact that in streams, the energy flow is low, and depends directly on the input of allochthonous matter, which favors the formation of shelters for the establishment of macroinvertebrates, which represent important sources of food for the ichthyofauna, and may act as intermediate and paratenic hosts of parasites. These environments require further studies to support conservation measures aimed at maintaining the balance of ecological relationships in these preserved ecosystems.


Assuntos
Caraciformes , Rios , Animais , Brasil , Caraciformes/parasitologia , Characidae/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia
15.
Syst Parasitol ; 101(3): 35, 2024 May 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38700732

RESUMO

Two new species of Urocleidoides are described from the gills of Pseudanos trimaculatus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the coastal drainages of the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Urocleidoides itabocaensis n. sp. is characterized by having a sclerotized, tubular, sigmoid male copulatory organ (MCO), a circular sclerotized tandem brim associated with the base of the MCO; an accessory piece articulated with the MCO, a V-shaped, divided into two subunits, distal subunit spoon-shaped; and a vaginal pore dextroventral with opening marginal. Urocleidoides omphalocleithrum n. sp. is characterized by presenting a C-shaped or sigmoid MCO; an accessory piece articulated with the MCO, L-shaped, divided into two subunits, distal subunit gutter-shaped; a vaginal pore dextroventral with opening marginal; and a ventral bar broadly V-shaped, with anteromedial projection. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on partial 28S rDNA and COI mtDNA genes indicate that U. itabocaensis n. sp. and U. omphalocleithrum n. sp. are closely related and appear as a sister group to other Urocleidoides species (U. paradoxus, U. digitabulum and U. sinus) parasitizing anostomid fishes. This study represents the first record of monogenoids from the gills of P. trimaculatus for the Eastern Amazon.


Assuntos
Caraciformes , Filogenia , Especificidade da Espécie , Animais , Brasil , Caraciformes/parasitologia , Brânquias/parasitologia , Trematódeos/classificação , Trematódeos/genética , Trematódeos/anatomia & histologia , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Masculino
16.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 96(1): e20221076, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38808809

RESUMO

Pseudanos is a fish genus with cis-Andean distribution in South America. Pseudanos trimaculatus is originally known from the Amazon and Orinoco basins. Three decades ago, a few specimens collected in the Río de la Plata basin were identified as P. trimaculatus, what remained to be confirmed and understood. The aim of this contribution is to analyze these specimens. Consequently, the morphological variation of P. trimaculatus is discussed and updated. Morphometric and meristic data were taken from the specimens and compared with those of the type and non-type specimens of the species. Multivariate analyses of the size-corrected measurements were used to explore the morphological variation. Size-corrected PCA revealed that the specimens collected in the Río de la Plata basin nested with the remaining specimens, being slightly closer to those from the Guaporé, Napo and Uatumã rivers. Measurements such as caudal peduncle depth, body depth, and body width affected more heavily the first components. Cluster analysis did not show well-defined groups based on the hydrogeographic basins. The studied specimens from the Río de la Plata basin are herein confirmed as conspecific with P. trimaculatus. The species is added to the list of fish species shared between the Amazon and Río de la Plata basins.


Assuntos
Caraciformes , Rios , Animais , Caraciformes/anatomia & histologia , Caraciformes/classificação , Brasil , Distribuição Animal , Masculino , Feminino
17.
BMC Ecol Evol ; 24(1): 72, 2024 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38816840

RESUMO

Ctenoluciidae is a Neotropical freshwater fish family composed of two genera, Ctenolucius (C. beani and C. hujeta) and Boulengerella (B. cuvieri, B. lateristriga, B. lucius, B. maculata, and B. xyrekes), which present diploid number conservation of 36 chromosomes and a strong association of telomeric sequences with ribosomal DNAs. In the present study, we performed chromosomal mapping of microsatellites and transposable elements (TEs) in Boulengerella species and Ctenolucius hujeta. We aim to understand how those sequences are distributed in these organisms' genomes and their influence on the chromosomal evolution of the group. Our results indicate that repetitive sequences may had an active role in the karyotypic diversification of this family, especially in the formation of chromosomal hotspots that are traceable in the diversification processes of Ctenoluciidae karyotypes. We demonstrate that (GATA)n sequences also accumulate in the secondary constriction formed by the 18 S rDNA site, which shows consistent size heteromorphism between males and females in all Boulengerella species, suggesting an initial process of sex chromosome differentiation.


Assuntos
Caraciformes , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico , Retroelementos , Animais , Caraciformes/genética , Masculino , Feminino , Retroelementos/genética , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Evolução Molecular , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Cariótipo , Cromossomos/genética
18.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol ; 108: 104473, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38759846

RESUMO

The most recent dam rupture in Brazil released tons of mining tailings into the upper course of the Paraopeba River, affecting this river in an unprecedented way. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of heavy metals on Prochilodus costatus, an important commercial species in Brazil, four years after the dam colapse. To this end, biomarkers of heavy metals, oxidative stress, and environmental stress were analyzed, and histological analyses of target organs were performed. The results demonstrated critical contamination of fish from the Paraopeba River. Increased expression of Metallothioneins - MTs, Heat Shock Protein - HSP70, and inducible nitric oxide synthase - iNOS, as well as greater rates of histological changes in the liver, spleen, and gonads, were observed in P. costatus. These findings demonstrate that, despite past contamination, the metals present in mining tailings have significantly increased the contamination of the Paraopeba River basin.


Assuntos
Fígado , Metalotioneína , Metais Pesados , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Brasil , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/metabolismo , Caraciformes/metabolismo , Masculino , Gônadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Gônadas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Feminino
19.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e280240, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38695422

RESUMO

Transporting live fish is a common practice in fish farming, and is certainly one of the main problems that affect fish homeostasis. In this scenario, the use of natural additives has shown promise in improving fish resistance to adverse situations. This study aimed to assess the impact of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil (OGEO) on water quality, hematological parameters, and residue levels in the plasma, fillet, and liver of juvenile piraputanga (Brycon hilarii) during a two-hour transportation period. The fish were divided into plastic bags (4 L) and exposed to three different OGEO concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg L-1), while a control group received no OGEO (three repetitions each). After the two-hour transportation, blood samples were collected, as well as portions of the fillet and liver for quantifying essential oil compounds, which were also measured in the plasma. Oxygen levels remained high throughout the transportation period, in all groups, while the pH decreased. Hemoglobin, MCHC, and MCH increased in fish exposed to OGEO concentrations of 20 and 30 mg L-1, compared to the control group. However, lymphocyte counts and the concentrations of essential oil compounds in plasma, fillet, and liver increased with higher OGEO concentrations. The use of 10 mg L-1 OGEO in the two-hour transport water is promising to ensure the survival and well-being of Brycon hilarii juveniles (weighing 16 g), showing to be safe and effective. The residual concentration of eugenol the major compound of OGEO in the fillet remains below the maximum limit of the recommended daily intake.


Assuntos
Fígado , Ocimum , Óleos Voláteis , Qualidade da Água , Animais , Ocimum/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Fígado/química , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Meios de Transporte , Caraciformes/sangue , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
20.
Fish Physiol Biochem ; 50(4): 1461-1481, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38722480

RESUMO

This study evaluated the use of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (EOOG) for anesthesia and in transport of Colossoma macropomum. Experiment 1, Test 1, anesthesia induction and recovery times were determined using different EOOG concentrations (0, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300 mg L-1), with two size classes: Juveniles I (0.86 g) and Juveniles II (11.46 g) (independent tests in a completely randomized design). Based on the results of Test 1, in Test 2 Juveniles II were exposed to EOOG concentrations: 0, 20, 100 mg L-1. Tissue samples were collected immediately after induction and 1 h post-recovery, to assess oxidative status variables. Experiment 2, Juveniles I (0.91 g) and Juveniles II (14.76 g) were submitted to transport in water with different concentrations of EOOG (0, 5, 10 mg L-1) (independent tests in a completely randomized design). The effects on oxidative status variables were evaluated. Concentrations between 50 and 200 mg L-1 EOOG can be indicated for Juveniles I, while concentrations between 50 and 100 mg L-1 EOOG for Juveniles II. The concentration of 100 mg L-1 EOOG was able to prevent oxidative damage in the liver. In Experiment 2, the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg L-1 EOOG added to the transport water caused sedation for both studied size classes of juveniles and did not cause oscillations in water quality variables nor any mortality. The concentration of 10 mg L-1 EOOG improved the oxidative status. It can be concluded that EOOG can be used for anesthesia and transport of C. macropomum.


Assuntos
Ocimum , Óleos Voláteis , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Ocimum/química , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Caraciformes , Anestesia/veterinária , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos
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