Teacher Emotion Inventory: validación en una muestra de profesorado español / Teacher Emotion Inventory: validation in a sample of Spanish teachers

Antecedentes: La escala Teacher Emotion Inventory (TEI) es un instrumento que evalúa emociones discretas experimentadas por el profesorado en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión breve española de la escala Teacher Emotion Inventory (TEI-BSV) en una muestra de 567 profesores (65.5% son mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre 25 y 65 años (M = 46.04; DT = 9.09). Método: Tras su adaptación mediante traducción inversa, el profesorado completó una batería que incluía el TEI-BSV, un cuestionario de inteligencia emocional, dos escalas de bienestar subjetivo, una escala sobre burnout y una escala sobre engagement. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una consistencia interna adecuada de las subescalas del TEI-BSV. Los análisis factoriales (exploratorio y confirmatorio) proporcionaron pruebas de que el TEI-BSV tiene una estructura de cuatro factores con un buen ajuste, frente a la estructura de cinco factores original. Se han hallado evidencias de validez convergente, así como de validez criterial e incremental del TEI-BSV. Conclusiones: el TEI-BSV podría ser una herramienta útil para la evaluación ecológica de las emociones discretas del profesorado en su contexto laboral.(AU)

Background: The Teacher Emotion Inventory (TEI) scale is an instrument that evaluates discrete emotions experienced by teachers in the teaching-learning process. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the brief Spanish version of the Teacher Emotion Inventory scale (TEI-BSV) using a sample of 567 teachers (65.5% women), aged between 25 and 65 years (M= 46.04; SD= 9.09). Methods: After adaptation through back-translation, the teachers com-pleted a battery of tests included in the TEI-BSV: an emotional intelli-gence questionnaire, two subjective well-being scales, a burnout scale and a scale on engagement. Results: The data revealed adequate internal consistency of the TEI-BSV subscales, and exploratory and confirma-tory factor analyses provided evidence that the TEI-BSV has a four-factor structure with good adjustment, as opposed to the original five-factor structure proposed. There was evidence of convergent validity of the TEI-BSV, as well as criterion and incremental validity. Conclusions: The TEI-BSV could be a useful instrument for the ecological assess-ment of teachers' discrete emotions in the context of their workplace.(AU)

Evaluation of dental behavior, anxiety, fear, and its correlation with trait emotional intelligence in 8-12-year-old children: Exploring a new frontier in behavior modification.

BACKGROUND: Children's fear and distress in dental settings often lead to anxiety and behavior issues. This study delves into why some children experience dental anxiety, whereas others do not, attributing differences to child-rearing and personality traits. Emotional intelligence (EQ), the ability to comprehend, generate, and manage emotions, is explored as a factor influencing a child's dental experience. This novel intelligence theory accommodates the intricacies of human-environment interactions. AIM: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between EQ and a child's dental anxiety, fear, and behavior in children aged 8-12 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Child Short Form, specifically developed for children aged between 8 and 12 years, was used among 100 participants reporting to the department outpatient department. The Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale, Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale, and Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale were used to evaluate behavior, anxiety, and fear, respectively. RESULTS: Results show a positive correlation between EQ and dental behavior (P = 0.002) whereas a negative correlation between EQ and dental anxiety and fear (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on the intricate interplay between emotional intelligence, dental behavior, anxiety, and fear among children. By recognizing the impact of EQ, dental practitioners could adopt personalized strategies to alleviate anxiety and enhance cooperation, improving overall dental experiences for young patients.

Social media ostracism and creativity: moderating role of emotional intelligence.

The goal of this study is to learn more about social media ostracism, a stressor associated with online social networks, defined by feelings of rejection, exclusion, or ignoring. We investigate the connection between social media ostracism and worker creativity. We suggest that psychological safety and psychological rumination serve as intermediaries in this relationship. Furthermore, we investigate emotional intelligence as a relationship regulator. To verify our hypothesis, we gathered data with the help of the HR department from 244 workers of nine Chinese organizations. Our research shows that psychological rumination and social media exclusion are significantly correlated, but only in workers with low emotional intelligence. Furthermore, for individuals with strong emotional intelligence, we did not discover a statistically negative association between psychological safety and social media exclusion. Findings suggest that psychological safety and psychological rumination serve as mediating factors in the relationship between employee creativity and social media exclusion. This study illuminates the negative aspects of social media ostracism and reveals how it might hinder creativity. It also emphasizes how emotional intelligence functions as a moderator. Organizations may learn a lot from this study on how to lessen the negative impacts of social media exclusion on employee creativity.

Proactive Personality and Caring Behavior of Clinical Nurses: A Moderated Mediation Model of Emotional Intelligence and Disgust Sensitivity.

The aims of the research were to investigate the mediating effect of emotional intelligence and the moderating effect of disgust sensitivity on the relationship between proactive personality and caring behavior among clinical nurses. A cross-sectional design while adhering to STROBE guidelines was used for this study. Three hundred ninety-three purposely selected nurses from three tertiary general hospitals completed an online survey. Measures included proactive personality, emotional intelligence, disgust sensitivity, and caring behavior. The findings showed that proactive personality positively predicted nurses' caring behavior, and that emotional intelligence played a mediating role in the relationship between proactive personality and caring behavior. Disgust sensitivity indirectly and negatively moderated the impact of proactive personality on nurses' caring behavior mainly in the second half of this moderated relationship. The findings underscore that the nursing managers may consider incorporating emotional intelligence topic in practical nursing skills training and improving nurses' ability to control their disgust sensitivity can improve their professional behavior, thus to provide patients with high-quality nursing services.

[Concept Analysis of Social Intelligence of Nurses Using Hybrid Model].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a concept analysis of social intelligence in nurses so that applying social intelligence to the nursing field. METHODS: In this study, we followed the hybrid model procedure, involving the following steps: First, in the theoretical stage, the attributes and definitions of the concept of social intelligence were determined through literature review. Second, the concepts' reality was confirmed during fieldwork. In the final analysis stage, the results confirmed in the theoretical and fieldwork stages were compared and analyzed to confirm the properties and definition of the concept. RESULTS: Nurses' social intelligence consists of three dimensions: social cognitive nursing competency, human-centered social evolution, and skills for solving complex nursing situations. Nurses' social intelligence is a professional nursing competency that flexibly coordinates complex nursing situations, developed through accumulating experiences of continuous reflection and relationship expansion based on receptive listening and social sensitivity in clinical interpersonal relationships. CONCLUSION: Nurses' social intelligence is widely used in clinical practice and is shown to have a significant direct and indirect impact on clinical nursing. To effectively apply social intelligence in the clinical context, individual and organizational efforts are required to share and transfer knowledge and capacity-building methods through collective intelligence and education.

Personality and emotional intelligence of researchers: The importance of affects.

Researchers, who play a crucial role in knowledge production, deal with various emotions in their challenging work environment. Their personality might affect how well they manage their emotions, but their moods could help counteract these effects. This study aims to investigate whether researchers' moods influence the connection between their personality and emotional intelligence. 7,463 Spanish researchers replied to an online survey. Responses analysed through partial least squares structural equation modelling show significant positive relationships between the big five personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability) and emotional intelligence. In addition, positive affect positively mediates the relationships between each of the personality traits and emotional intelligence, and negative affect mediates the same relationships but negatively. The importance of managing emotional states to regulate emotional experiences in the work of researchers is discussed.

The relationship between emotional intelligence and readiness for organizational change among nurses.

Organizational change is a complex process that often faces high failure rates due to challenges in managing transition issues. The role of emotional intelligence in fostering readiness for organizational change among nurses remains understudied, especially in the context of Jordan. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and readiness for organizational change among Jordanian nurses working in governmental hospitals. A descriptive cross sectional correlational design was used. A convenient sampling method was used to enroll Jordanian nurses from different governmental hospitals, with a resulting final sample of 250 nurses. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis was run using descriptive and inferential analysis. The findings revealed that the participants had moderate levels of emotional intelligence with a mean score of (M = 87.96, SD = 26.59). The participants demonstrated strengths in understanding their own emotions, perceiving others' emotions, and setting goals. They also showed good control of their emotions and a positive self-perception. Regarding readiness for organizational change, the mean score was (M = 39.58, SD = 11.16), suggesting a moderate level of readiness. The participants exhibited commitment, motivation, and confidence in handling challenges associated with change. A strong positive relationship between emotional intelligence and readiness for change commitment (r = .942, P < .01), change efficacy (r = .935, P < .01), and total readiness for change (r = .951, P < .01) were exist. Moreover, age and years of experience were negatively correlated with readiness for change. There was a strong and significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and readiness for change. This emphasizes the importance of developing emotional intelligence abilities among nurses to facilitate successful change processes in healthcare organizations.

Conservation of resources perspective on authentic leadership and employee well-being: The influence of job stress and emotional intelligence.

BACKGROUND: Health care industries must consider their sustainable development, and employee well-being is a crucial environmental, social, and governance indicator that should be prioritized. During events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, information transparency is a concern for health care workers. Authentic leaders can build trust by openly sharing their thoughts and feelings. Understanding how authentic leadership affects employee well-being through job stress and how emotional intelligence reduces job stress is essential for health care workers. PURPOSES: This study investigated the effect of authentic leadership on employee well-being and considered the mediating role of job stress and moderating role of emotional intelligence in this effect. METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A time-lagged survey of 452 full-time health care workers (comprising nurses, allied health professionals, and administrative workers) from a general hospital in Taiwan was conducted. FINDINGS: Authentic leadership was positively associated with employee well-being, and job stress mediated the effects of authentic leadership on employee well-being. Among the employees who perceived leadership to be authentic, those with higher emotional intelligence felt less job stress. CONCLUSION: From the perspective of conservation of resources theory, authentic leadership was identified as a crucial factor influencing how health care workers reduce job stress and improve their well-being. Emotional intelligence was identified as essential in enhancing the effects of authentic leadership on reducing the job stress of health care workers. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Organizations should promote authentic interactions between leaders and followers and provide training for developing authentic leadership. They should also provide training to improve their employees' emotional intelligence.

Exploring the Link Between Emotional Intelligence and Compassionate Communication in Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: The main purposes of the nursing profession are to protect and improve health and to prevent and heal diseases. It is crucial to investigate the factors that can influence nurses' ability to enhance their performance in their professional lives and conduct the nursing care process more qualitatively and effectively. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between emotional intelligence and compassionate communication in nurses. METHODS: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with 140 nurses working in various units of the public hospital in Kilis, Turkey. Data were collected through a demographic information form, Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Compassionate Communication Scale. RESULTS: It was determined that nurses' emotional intelligence and compassionate communication were above average. A significant association was found between nurses' emotional intelligence and compassionate communication (F = 16.08, P < .001) and emotional intelligence explains 10% of the variance in compassionate communication (R = 0.323, R2 = 0.104). CONCLUSIONS: Emotional intelligence and compassionate communication should be taken into consideration so that nurses can recognize and understand patients' emotions, alleviate their hurt, and deliver delicate, kind, and compassionate care.

The importance of coaching pharmacy students beyond their emotional intelligence assessment scores.

The teaching of emotional intelligence (EI) in pharmacy curriculums is an important part of a pharmacy learners' professional development and is crucial to improving interactions with health care providers and patients. However, the coaching of students to understand strengths and weaknesses related to their EI scores and how to facilitate these opportunities for personal growth is often the missing link from the teaching process. This commentary explores a college of pharmacy's experience with the incorporation of EI into the curriculum, with a focus on coaching students beyond the assessment numbers they receive. This requires placing emphasis on the broad applicability of EI, its personalization, and the actionable potential for growth. Guided reflections and individualized coaching, which differ from general teaching practices in pharmacy curricula today, can be used to promote the application of results as drivers for personal and professional success. Colleges/schools of pharmacy should consider investing resources in not only teaching students about EI but also coaching students as part of their professional journey.

Time perspective and attachment predict perceived stress in Lebanese undergraduates: The mediating role of trait emotional intelligence.

BACKGROUND: Lebanese university students experience high levels of stress, which are linked to poor academic and health outcomes. Therefore, understanding the psychological predictors of this stress is crucial. The present study examines the roles of emotional, cognitive, and interpersonal factors in predicting perceived stress, namely trait emotional intelligence (trait EI), time perspective, and attachment. METHODS: The sample included 283 Lebanese undergraduate university students aged 18 to 33 years (M = 19.89, SD = 1.87). The main variables were assessed using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire - Short Form, The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, The Revised Adult Attachment Scale - Close Relationships Version, and the Perceived Stress Scale. RESULTS: Path analysis showed that trait EI mediated the relationship between time perspective and attachment (predictors) and perceived stress (outcome). In particular, the Past Positive and Future time perspectives positively predicted trait EI, while insecure attachment negatively predicted it. In turn, higher trait EI predicted lower perceived stress. CONCLUSION: The findings help inform theory and application, suggesting that managing stress and mitigating its impact on well-being can be achieved through interventions targeting time perspective, attachment, and trait EI.

Use of an age-simulation suit as an empathy-building method for dental students: a pre-post study.

Background: The aging of the population highlights the need to establish empathetic connections with older adults. To achieve this, age simulation suits have been designed, allowing users to experience the physical limitations associated with aging. This study aimed to evaluate the experience of dental students with these devices, using psychometric tools to measure the impact on their understanding and empathy. Methods: A pre/post-test study was conducted with the participation of 63 dental students from Rey Juan Carlos University who were fitted with an age simulation suit and asked to perform different tasks. Psychometric tools were used to assess specific parameters. Empathy was measured using the Jefferson Empathy Scale, emotional intelligence was assessed with the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24), and the emotional attention dimension was analyzed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results: The scores on the Jefferson Empathy Scale significantly improved from 88.44 ± 6.8 to 91.06 ± 10.11 after using the simulation suit (P < 0.026). Pearson's product moment correlation analysis showed no significant positive association or correlation between age and scores from the three questionnaires. In the rest, a positive and significant correlation was observed (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Age simulation activities effectively enhance empathy among dental students. However, more studies are needed to foster positive attitudes toward aging and prevent negative stereotypes.

COPING ARRANGEMENT OF SPOUSES WITH EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN FAMILY CONFLICTS.

Along with several social institutions, the family has its unique place as the foundation of a strong state. For this reason, family problems are at the center of research in modern psychological science aimed at identifying key factors of health, well-being and a prosperous life in the family. The purpose of this work is to identify the ability of spouses to cope with family difficulties or conflict situations and to study their correspondence to the manifestations of a person's emotional intelligence as a guarantee of satisfaction and family health. At different stages of its development the family very often faces problems, for which the spouses use a conscious toolkit. Emotional intelligence, being one of the fundamental components of personality, influences the choice of a person's coping strategy in conflict situations: Studies have shown that a person's high levels of emotional intelligence (EQ or EI) have a reciprocal relationship with coping, a rational problem-solving orientation. It also leads to personal satisfaction, creating the basis for family well-being and a healthy psychological atmosphere. We can conclude that the higher a person's perception and recognition of his own and others' emotions, emotional states, the easier and faster he distinguishes between his own and others' emotional manifestations and expressions, and of course is able to freely manage them, the more a person is able to show organization when facing various difficulties, the better he can regulate actions, as well as control the current situation. As a result, the person experiences satisfaction with family life.

Emotional response to sherry wines and its relationship with emotional intelligence, level of expertise and gender.

Emotional elicitation during wine consumption is a complex fenomena based on subjective experience and influence by physiological, cognitive and behavioural changes. The present study used a quasi-experimental design to examine consumers' emotional responses during blind tastings of sherry wines, considering variables such as consumer experience, gender and Emotional Intelligence (EI). 66 participants were classified as non-expert (34) and expert (32) consumers to participate in blind tastings. Their emotional responses were measured using the EsSense25 Scale and the Perceived Emotional Intelligence was assessed through the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Few differences were observed on emotional elicitation based on gender or consumer experience (non-expert vs expert), however the interaction of these variables was a good predictor of emotional response variance. Wine type also has an effect on emotional response, emphasising the role of sherry wine characteristics in consumer emotions. Furthermore, the Emotional Attention, one of the three dimensions of Emotional Intelligence, was found as a good predictor for the emotional responses to wine consumption. This relationship may be a key factor in understanding the differences between responsible consumption and excessive consumption, as indicated by research focused on binge drinking.

Thriving Together: An Innovative Approach to Cultivating Wellness, Emotional Health, and Lifelong Success in Graduate Nursing Students.

ABSTRACT: The rigors of graduate nursing education create significant stress for nurse anesthesia students. The taxing background of an intensive care nurse, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, compounds the inherent pressures of doctoral study. Students often experience symptoms of burnout, complicating their ability to learn and retain critical information. We created the Thrive initiative to encourage the development of emotional wellness. Thrive's success is attributed to the blend of relevant information including emotional intelligence skills and racial sensitivity support, engaged student participation, and the desire to help the next generation of graduate nurses develop sustainable emotional health.

The influence of emotional intelligence and behavioural biases on mutual fund churning frequency: Evidence from India.

Behavioural finance invalidates the rationalistic assumptions of the efficient market hypothesis by proposing a realistic explanation for overreaction and underreaction. These phenomena are caused by investors making financial decisions based on their emotions without realizing them. This study attempts to establish the effect of investors' emotional intelligence on behavioural biases, namely, herding, overconfidence bias, and disposition effects, and its consequences for the churning frequency of mutual fund portfolios. This quantitative cross-sectional study was undertaken to collect data from 499 mutual fund investors using a self-administered questionnaire. We found that the disposition effect has a negative impact and that overconfidence bias positively affects the churning frequency of mutual fund portfolios. Furthermore, emotional intelligence, particularly its subconstructs, affects herding bias and overconfidence bias, ultimately impacting the churning frequency of investors. An investor with a higher level of self-motivation is likely to have a disposition effect and herding bias. Investors with disposition impact may be encouraged to reorganize their portfolio if there are any schemes that have been providing negative returns for more than two years or that are not projected to offer significant returns in the future. By understanding how they stack up on each emotional intelligence metric, investors and financial advisors may focus on avoiding the biases that could jeopardize long-term portfolio returns.

Emotional intelligence: a novel predictor of quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc), a chronic systemic autoimmune disease, affects skin and internal organs compromising organ function and leading to significant morbidity and poor health-related quality of life (HrQoL). This cross-sectional study investigated whether HrQoL is influenced by trait emotional intelligence (TEI). Sixty patients with SSc (Female: 86.67%) completed the socio-demographic characteristics form, TEI Questionnaire Short-Form (TEIQue-SF), and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Sixty healthy controls were also completed the TEIQue-SF. A series of multiple linear regression analyses with correlation matrix was used to analyze SF-36 domains as dependent variables with TEI domains (well-being, self-control, emotionality, sociability) as independent variables. The average age of participants was 57.3 ± 12.9 years with a mean disease duration of 7.7 ± 6.7 years. Patients differed from controls in the sociability domain of TEI. TEI global was found to affect the physical and mental component summaries (p < .001), and all 8 dimensions of the HrQoL (p < .001). Age, disease duration, and gastrointestinal manifestations were negatively associated with various components of SF-36. TEI was positively associated with all dimensions of HrQoL. Understanding the relationship between TEI and HrQoL dimensions is important for the support and empowerment of SSc patients, as well as the establishment and implementation of appropriate psychotherapeutic interventions.

Emotional intelligence and LEGO-based communication assessments as indicators of peer evaluations.

INTRODUCTION: Much attention and effort are devoted to general surgery residency applicant interview strategies and ranking. However, few interview strategies are positively associated with applicant communication performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of a LEGO-based communication assessment and a standardized patient-based emotional intelligence assessment to serve as an indicator for communication and interpersonal skills among peers in residency. METHODS: We examined general surgery residents who interviewed virtually at our institution in 2021-2022, then matriculated in 2022-2023. Residents' LEGO-based communication and emotional intelligence interview assessments were evaluated for associations with peer evaluations in intern year. A regression analysis was conducted testing the association between each assessment and peer-evaluation metrics, controlling for resident track (preliminary, categorical). RESULTS: Performance on LEGO-based communication assessments was significantly associated with peer evaluation of cross-cover performance (B = 0.09, standard error 0.044, 95% confidence interval 0.001-0.187, P = .048), whereas emotional intelligence scores had no significant association (P = .155). In contrast, performance on the LEGO-based communication assessments were associated with peer evaluations for desirability as a coworker (B = 0.098, standard error 0.038, 95% confidence interval 0.017-0.178, P = .021), whereas emotional intelligence scores were negatively associated with desirability as a coworker (B = -0.255, standard error 0.107, 95% confidence interval -0.482 to -0.029], P = .029). CONCLUSION: Although LEGO-based communication assessments before residency are associated with better resident peer evaluations 1 year into residency, our emotional intelligence applicant assessment during recruitment did not provide clear insight into resident performance. Future research should consider the ability of standardized assessments to predict performance.

Social intelligence in health professions educationists: how it helps to deal with challenges at the workplace? a mixed-method study.

Objectives: To identify the social intelligence of medical educationists, and the coping strategies used to deal with workplace challenges. METHODS: The mixed-method study with an explanatory sequential design was conducted from March 15 to July 30, 2021, after approval from the ethics review committee of Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised medical educationists working in medical and dental colleges and institutions across the country. Data was collected using Tromso social intelligence scale in the quantitative phase. The socially intelligent educationists were identified, and were interviewed. Qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis to identify predominant themes explaining the coping strategies used. RESULTS: In the quantitative phase, there were 80 participants; 51(63.7%) females and 29(36.3%) males, with 24(30%) having >10 years of professional experience. Of them, 11(13.8%) scored low, 54(67.5%) moderate and 15(18.8%) high on the social intelligence scale. In the qualitative phase, there were 13 subjects; 9(69.2%) females and 4(30.8%) males. There were 4 themes identified as coping strategies; inspire respect and trust, bringing readiness before a change, a collaborative and inclusive approach and use of soft skills. CONCLUSIONS: Variation was seen in the levels of social intelligence among medical educationists working in academic institutions. Those with high levels of social intelligence used their non-cognitive soft skills to manage workplace challenges.

Explicit motives and personality characteristics in first year medical students: a multicentre quantitative study using McClellands motive disposition theory.

BACKGROUND: Despite the challenging curriculum, medicine is a popular study program. We propose McClelland's Motive Disposition Theory (MDT) as a possible theory for explaining medical students motivation. The theory describes how individuals differ in their behaviour due to their varying manifestations of certain motives. The three motives can thus influence the students behaviour and academic success. Using these motives, complimented with an altruism- and a freedom motive, this study was aimed at investigating young adults' explicit motives to study medicine. In addition, we also wanted to find out whether there are gender differences in motives and other variables such as empathy, emotional intelligence and academic self-concept. METHODS: Over 20 universities across Germany were contacted and asked to share the online study with their first semester medical students in the winter term 2022/23, which resulted in a final N = 535. We used validated and reliable measurements, including a self-created and piloted questionnaire covering medicine-specific explicit motives. RESULTS: Comparing the mean scores between motives, we found that the altruism motive was the strongest motive (M = 5.19), followed by freedom (M = 4.88), affiliation (M = 4.72) and achievement (M = 4.59). The power motive achieved the lowest score (M = 3.92). Male students scored significantly higher for power (M = 4.24) than females did (M = 3.80, p < .001), while female students found affiliation more important (M = 4.81) than male students did (M = 4.59, p = .016). Female participants scored significantly higher for emotional intelligence (p = .010) and several personality aspects, including empathy (p < .001), but showed a significantly lower academic self-concept (p = .033), compared to their male colleagues. Nonetheless, the effect sizes were mostly small to medium. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that first-year medical students are primarily motivated by humanitarian factors to study medicine, compared to motives related to money or power. This is mostly in line with earlier studies using qualitative approaches, showing that MDT can be applied to explain explicit motives in medical students. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The longitudinal project, which this study was part of, was registered via OSF ( https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-mfhek-v1 ) on the 28th of September 2022 under the title "Transformation of emotion and motivation factors in medical students during the study progress: A multicenter longitudinal study".