Ozone as an alternative decontamination process for N95 facemask and biosafety gowns.

COVID-19 pandemic created a global shortage of medical protective equipment. Here, we considered ozone (O3) a disinfectant alternative due to its potent oxidative activity against biological macromolecules. The O3 decontamination assays were done using SARS-CoV-2 obtained from patients to produce artificial contamination of N95 masks and biosecurity gowns. The quantification of SARS-CoV-2 was performed before and after exposing the samples to different ozone gas concentrations for times between 5 and 30 min. Viral loads as a function of the O3 exposure time were estimated from the data obtained by the RT-PCR technique. The genetic material of the virus was no longer detected for any tested concentrations after 15 min of O3 exposure, which means a disinfection Concentration-Time above 144 ppm min. Vibrational spectroscopies were used to follow the modifications of the polymeric fibers after the O3 treatment. The results indicate that the N95 masks could be safely reused after decontamination with treatments of 15 min at the established O3 doses for a maximum of 6 cycles.

Corynebacterium urealyticum: aumento de la incidencia de infección y uropatía incrustante / Corinebacterium urealyticum: increased incidence of infection and encrusted uropathy

Introducción: Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU) afecta a pacientes inmunodeprimidos, crónicos o multioperados. La uropatía incrustante (UI) representa una complicación de la infección. Objetivo del estudio: demostrar el aumento creciente de casos de infección por CU y UI en los últimos 5 años. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de pacientes urológicos con urocultivo positivo a CU (enero de 2009-diciembre de 2014). Cálculo de distribución anual y características clínicas de infección por CU y UI. Seguimiento mínimo: 6 meses. Obtención de medias y rangos estadísticos de parámetros clínicos pre/postratamiento. Resultados: Total de pacientes con CU: 115 (hombres 87: mujeres 28). Edad: 67,9 años (rango 6-95). Distribución anual (casos) 2009: 9 (7,8%), 2010: 13 (11,3%), 2011: 9 (7,8%), 2012: 20 (17,4%), 2013: 31 (27%), 2014: 33 (28,7%). Incremento 2009-2014: 300%. Cirugía urológica múltiple: 89 casos (77,3%). Complicaciones quirúrgicas: 77 casos (66,9%). Pacientes con UI: 18 casos (15,6%) (hombres 13: mujeres 5): pielitis 12 (66,7%), cistopatía 3 (16,6%), prostatic capsule disease 2 (11,2%), calcificación de la malla uno (5,5%). Análisis de 18 casos con UI: PH orina pre/postantibiótico: 8 (r = 6-9) vs 6 (r = 5-7). Cultivo negativo postantibiótico: 100%. Aplicación de solución acidificante: 5 casos. Cirugía: 13 casos (72,2%). Resultados pre/postratamiento multimodal: insuficiencia renal: 12 (66,6%) vs 9 (50%), filtrado glomerular (FG): 45,8 (r = 6- > 90) vs 52,7 (r = 13- > 90). Mejoría del FG: 6,94 puntos (T Wilcoxon p = 0,102). Radiología (incrustaciones): mejoría 13 (72,2%), igual 5 (27,8%). No mortalidad específica por CU. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de infección por CU y la UI está aumentando. El tratamiento antibiótico es muy eficaz. Las soluciones acidificantes son una opción aceptable para reducir calcificaciones

Introduction: Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU) affects patients who are immunosuppressed, chronically ill or have undergone numerous operations. Obstructive uropathy (OU) is a complication of infection. Study objective: To demonstrate the growing increase in cases of infection by CU and OU in the past 5 years. Material and methods: A descriptive study was conducted of urological patients with CU-positive urine cultures (January 2009-December 2014). We calculated the annual distribution and clinical characteristics of infection by CU and OU. Minimum follow-up: 6 months. We obtained the statistical means and ranges of clinical parameters pre/post-therapy. Results: The total number of patients with CU was 115 (men, 87; women, 28). The mean age was 67.9 years (range, 6-95 years), and the annual distribution of cases for 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 was 9 (7.8%), 13 (11.3%), 9 (7.8%), 20 (17.4%), 31 (27%) and 33 (28.7%), respectively. The increase in cases for 2009-2014 was 300%. Multiple urological surgeries were performed in 89 cases (77.3%), with surgical complications in 77 cases (66.9%). Eighteen (15.6%) patients had OU (men, 13; women, 5), 12 had pyelitis (66.7%), 3 had cystopathy (16.6%), 2 had prostatic capsule disease (11.2%) and 1 had mesh calcification (5.5%). The analysis of the 18 cases with OU showed pre/postantibiotic therapy urine pHs of 8 (r, 6-9) vs. 6 (r, 5-7). All postantibiotic cultures were negative. Acidifying solution was applied in 5 cases, and surgery was performed in 13 cases (72.2%). The results from before/after the multimodal therapy showed renal impairment in 12 (66.6%) vs. 9 cases (50%) and glomerular filtration rates (GFR) of 45.8 (r, 6- > 90) vs. 52.7 (r, 13- > 90). The improvement in GFR was 6.94 points (T Wilcoxon; P = .102). The radiology results (incrustations) showed improvement in 13 patients (72.2%) and no change in 5 (27.8%). There was no specific mortality for CU. Conclusions: The prevalence of infection by CU and OU is increasing. Antibiotic treatment is highly effective. Acidifying solutions are an acceptable option for reducing calcifications

Tumorectomía off-clamp por retroperitoneocopia en tumores renales posteriores de complejidad media (Padua score 8-9) / Off-Clamp Renal Tumourectomy by Retroperitoneoscopy in Posterior Renal Tumours of Medium Complexity (Padua score 8-9)

Introducción: Las guías recomiendan cirugía parcial en tumores renales T1. Diferentes aspectos han evolucionado en estos últimos años: forma y duración del clampaje, enucleación, abordaje por retroperitoneoscopia y la utilización de puertos de 3 mm. Presentamos nuestra serie inicial de tumorectomía renal laparoscópica por retroperitoneoscopia (TRLR) analizando nuestra curva de aprendizaje y el uso de instrumental de 3 mm. Material y métodos: De enero 2011 a enero 2015, realizamos TRLR a 50 pacientes con tumores renales T1 de cara posterior o convexidad renal. Tras 10 casos, la técnica pasó a ser off-clamp y posteriormente en 11 casos se realizó con 3 mm. Resultados: El tamaño tumoral fue de 34,36 mm (14-62) con un PADUA de 8,42 (5-12), tiempo operatorio de 163,1 minutos (75-300) y tiempo de isquemia caliente de 4,21 minutos (0-28). No se clampó la arteria renal principal en 41 (82%) pacientes y ningún vaso (isquemia 0) en 39 (78%). Siete casos presentaron márgenes positivos (6 focales). Se realizaron 11 TRLR con material de 3 mm con un tiempo quirúrgico, sangrado intraoperatorio y estancia hospitalaria menores. Conclusiones: La retroperitoneoscopia sumada a enucleación permiten la extirpación sin clampaje de tumores posteriores del riñón con una curva de aprendizaje relativamente corta. El material de 3 mm permite realizar la técnica aunque en nuestra experiencia ha resultado en una mayor tasa de márgenes quirúrgicos positivos

Background: The guidelines recommend partial surgery for T1 renal tumours. Various aspects of this surgery have evolved in recent years, including the clamping method and duration, enucleation, the retroperitoneoscopic approach and the use of 3 mm ports. We present our initial series on laparoscopic renal tumourectomy by retroperitoneoscopy (LRTR) and analyse our learning curve and use of 3-mm instrumentation. Material and Methods: From January 2011 to January 2015, we performed LRTR on 50 patients with posterior or convex T1 renal tumours. After 10 cases, the technique changed to off-clamp, and 11 cases were subsequently performed with 3 mm instrumentation. Results: The mean tumour size was 34.36 mm (14-62), with a mean PADUA score of 8.42 (5-12). The mean operative time was 163.1 minutes (75-300), and the mean warm ischaemia time was 4.21 minutes (0-28). The main renal artery was not clamped in 41 (82%) patients, and no vessel (zero ischaemia) was clamped in 39 (78%) patients. Seven cases had positive margins (6 focal). Eleven LRTRs were performed with 3 mm instrumentation, with shorter surgical times, less intraoperative bleeding and shorter hospital stays. Conclusions: Retroperitoneoscopy coupled with enucleation enables the extirpation without clamping of posterior renal tumours, with a relatively short learning curve. The 3-mm material enables the technique to be performed, although in our experience it has resulted in a higher rate of positive surgical margins

Off-Clamp Renal Tumourectomy by Retroperitoneoscopy in Posterior Renal Tumours of Medium Complexity (Padua score 8-9).

BACKGROUND: The guidelines recommend partial surgery for T1 renal tumours. Various aspects of this surgery have evolved in recent years, including the clamping method and duration, enucleation, the retroperitoneoscopic approach and the use of 3mm ports. We present our initial series on laparoscopic renal tumourectomy by retroperitoneoscopy (LRTR) and analyse our learning curve and use of 3-mm instrumentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2011 to January 2015, we performed LRTR on 50 patients with posterior or convex T1 renal tumours. After 10 cases, the technique changed to off-clamp, and 11 cases were subsequently performed with 3mm instrumentation. RESULTS: The mean tumour size was 34.36 mm (14-62), with a mean PADUA score of 8.42 (5-12). The mean operative time was 163.1 minutes (75-300), and the mean warm ischaemia time was 4.21 minutes (0-28). The main renal artery was not clamped in 41 (82%) patients, and no vessel (zero ischaemia) was clamped in 39 (78%) patients. Seven cases had positive margins (6 focal). Eleven LRTRs were performed with 3mm instrumentation, with shorter surgical times, less intraoperative bleeding and shorter hospital stays. CONCLUSIONS: Retroperitoneoscopy coupled with enucleation enables the extirpation without clamping of posterior renal tumours, with a relatively short learning curve. The 3-mm material enables the technique to be performed, although in our experience it has resulted in a higher rate of positive surgical margins.

Corinebacterium urealyticum: increased incidence of infection and encrusted uropathy.

INTRODUCTION: Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU) affects patients who are immunosuppressed, chronically ill or have undergone numerous operations. Obstructive uropathy (OU) is a complication of infection. STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the growing increase in cases of infection by CU and OU in the past 5 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted of urological patients with CU-positive urine cultures (January 2009-December 2014). We calculated the annual distribution and clinical characteristics of infection by CU and OU. Minimum follow-up: 6 months. We obtained the statistical means and ranges of clinical parameters pre/post-therapy. RESULTS: The total number of patients with CU was 115 (men, 87; women, 28). The mean age was 67.9 years (range, 6-95 years), and the annual distribution of cases for 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 was 9 (7.8%), 13 (11.3%), 9 (7.8%), 20 (17.4%), 31 (27%) and 33 (28.7%), respectively. The increase in cases for 2009-2014 was 300%. Multiple urological surgeries were performed in 89 cases (77.3%), with surgical complications in 77 cases (66.9%). Eighteen (15.6%) patients had OU (men, 13; women, 5), 12 had pyelitis (66.7%), 3 had cystopathy (16.6%), 2 had prostatic capsule disease (11.2%) and 1 had mesh calcification (5.5%). The analysis of the 18 cases with OU showed pre/postantibiotic therapy urine pHs of 8 (r, 6-9) vs. 6 (r, 5-7). All postantibiotic cultures were negative. Acidifying solution was applied in 5 cases, and surgery was performed in 13 cases (72.2%). The results from before/after the multimodal therapy showed renal impairment in 12 (66.6%) vs. 9 cases (50%) and glomerular filtration rates (GFR) of 45.8 (r, 6->90) vs. 52.7 (r, 13->90). The improvement in GFR was 6.94 points (T Wilcoxon; P=.102). The radiology results (incrustations) showed improvement in 13 patients (72.2%) and no change in 5 (27.8%). There was no specific mortality for CU. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of infection by CU and OU is increasing. Antibiotic treatment is highly effective. Acidifying solutions are an acceptable option for reducing calcifications.

Síndrome de atrapamiento del NP (SANP): revisión del diagnóstico y tratamiento, a partir de un caso clínico / Pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome: review of diagnosis and treatment based on a clinical case

El síndrome de atrapamiento del NP (SANP), es una patología poco frecuente aunque infradiagnosticada. Puede afectar de manera importante la calidad de vida de los pacientes que la padecen. La etiología es por compresión o lesión directa del NP, consecutivos a traumas (deportivos, partos), compresiones por efecto masa o por neuropatías secundarias. El diagnóstico es clínico, basado en el interrogatorio y la exploración física. El tratamiento debe realizarse combinando medidas fisioterapéuticas, farmacológicas y quirúrgicas. Se presenta un caso clínico que ilustra esta patología y la evolución con tratamiento quirúrgico (AU)

Pudendal canal syndrome is a rare but underdiagnosed condition. It can significantly affect the quality of life of patients. The etiology is by direct compression or injury to pudendal nerve, consecutive to trauma (sports, delivery), compressions to mass effect or secondary neuropathies. The diagnosis is clinical, based on the interview and physical examination. Treatment should be done by combining physiotherapy, pharmacological and surgical measures. We present a case report that illustrates this condition and its evolution with surgical treatment (AU)

Hematuria macroscópica gestacional: a propósito de un caso tratado con RIRS / Gestational gross hematuria: report of a case treated with RIRS

La hematuria, durante la gestación, es debida a causas urológicas comunes como la litiasis y la infección de orina, los tumores del riñón y la vejiga, y las malformaciones vasculares renales. Anomalías de la implantación de la placenta y complicaciones obstétricas pueden ocasionar sangrado en orina. Entre las causas nefrológicas figura el síndrome hemolítico urémico. Alteraciones hematológicas asociadas a la gestación como la plaquetopenia favorecen la hematuria, en especial si existe una patología urológica subyacente. Se presenta un caso clínico de hematuria recidivante en una gestante que requirió estudio con RM y URS, resuelto después del parto con cirugía endoscópica intrarrenal (RIRS) (AU)

Hematuria during pregnancy is due to common urological causes such as stones and urinary tract infection, kidney and bladder tumors, and renal vascular malformations. Abnormalities of placenta implantation and obstetric complications are the cause of bleeding in urine. Among nephrological causes is the hemolitic-uremic syndrome. Hematologic abnormalities as a thrombocytopenia favor gestational hematuria, especially if there is an underlying urologic pathology. A case report of recurrent hematuria in a pregnant is presented. MRI and URS was required to study it. The case was resolved after birth with intrarenal endoscopic surgery (RIRS) (AU)

Uropatía incrustante por Corynebacterium urealiticum: comentarios a partir de tres casos clínicos / Fouling uropathy by Corynebacterium urealyticum: Comments from three clinical cases

La uropatía incrustante es una enfermedad infecciosa del tracto urinario causada por la bacteria urealítica Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU). En nuestra serie (datos no publicados) sólo el 15% de las infecciones por CU produce uropatía incrustante. La formación de incrustaciones de estruvita y apatita en la pared del urotelio puede afectar a pelvis renal (pielitis), uréter, vejiga (cistopatía) y próstata, incluyendo la celda prostática después de resección ("celdopatía"). La pielitis es la más frecuente. La clínica corresponde a la triada orina alcalina, piuria y cristaluria de estruvita. Los pacientes suelen ser inmunodeprimidos o multioperados. El cultivo de orina debe estar dirigido al diagnóstico de CU. La TC es la prueba de imagen de elección. Muestra típicas imágenes de calcificación laminar. El tratamiento de la uropatía incrustante es multimodal. Incluye antibioterapia, acidificación de la orina y cirugía (algunos casos) (AU)

The encrustant uropathy is an infectious disease of the urinary tract caused by urealithic bacteria Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU). In our series (unpublished data) only 15% of CU infections caused encrustant uropathy. Formation of apatite and struvite on the wall of the urothelium can affect renal pelvis (pyelitis), urether, bladder (cystophatie) and prostate, including prostate cell after resection ("cellpathy"). Pyelitis is the most common. Clinical triad corresponds to alkaline urine, pyuria and struvite crystalluria. Patients are usually immunocompromised or or multiple previous surgeries. Urine culture should be directed to the diagnosis of UC. CT is the imaging test of choice. Shows typical images of laminar calcification. Treatment of encrusted uro pathy is multimodal. Includes antibiotics, acidification of urine and surgery (sometimes) (AU)

Hemangioma papilar como causa de macrohematuria. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Papillary hemangioma as a cause of macrohematuria. A case report and review of the literature

La hematuria recidivante unilateral supone un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico para el urólogo. El hemangioma renal (HR) figura entre las posibles causas. La localización en la papila renal es típica. Se presenta un caso de hematuria secundaria a HR que fue diagnosticado en primera instancia como síndrome del cascanueces. Tras una revaloración se realizó ureterorrenoscopia que demostró un hemangioma papilar sangrante. La lesión fue tratada con fotovaporización láser con buen resultado. Se revisa la etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y las opciones terapéuticas frente al HR sangrante (AU)

Unilateral recurrent hematuria is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the urologist. The renal hemangioma (RH) is a possible cause. The location is typically the renal papilla. A case of hematuria secondary to RH who was diagnosed at first instance and nutcracker syndrome is presented. After a diagnostic reassessment ureterorenoscopy was performed which showed a bleeding papillary hemangioma. The lesion was treated with laser PVP with good results. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic options against the bloody RH is reviewed (AU)

Incidencia, diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer urológico en el paciente trasplantado renal. Revisión de la bibliografía / Incidence, diagnosis and treatment of urological cancer in patients with kidney transplantation. Literature review

La inmunosupresión a la cual se someten los pacientes trasplantados renales se ha relacionado a un incremento en la incidencia de las enfermedades neoplásicas, así como un comportamiento distinto de estas con respecto al presentado en la población general. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en PubMed, de los artículos referidos a «tumores urológicos en pacientes trasplantados renales». Las neoplasias urológicas, representan un 15% de los tumores en el TR, además de ser en algunas series la principal causa de muerte de origen neoplásico. Dicha población tiene 15 veces más probabilidades de presentar cáncer de células renales (CaCR), 3 veces de cáncer de células transicionales de vejiga (CaCTV), 3 veces de cáncer testicular, y 2 de cáncer de próstata (CaP). Los tratamientos son similares a la población no trasplantada; en caso del CCR predomina la indicación de nefrectomía radical en el riñón nativo, y cirugía conservadora en el injerto. En el CaP localizado, la prostatectomía radical es técnicamente factible. En el CaCTV la inmunosupresión no representa una contraindicación para la administración de BCG o MMC. Los tumores urológicos se pueden abordar de la misma manera que la población general, por lo que debido al potencial peor pronóstico en relación a la inmunosupresión se requiere, en esta población específica, un seguimiento más estrecho (AU)

The immunosuppression to which the kidney transplant patients are subject, has been linked to an increase in the incidence of neoplastic diseases, as to a difference in behaviorof this diseases with respect to the general population. A systematic review of the literature in PubMed focused on the articles with the topic " urological tumors in renal transplant recipients" was conducted. The urological neoplasms represent 15 % of all tumors in renal transplant recipients. In some series they are the main cause of death. This population has increased incidence rate of renal cell carcinoma (15-fold), bladder (three-fold), testicular (three-fold), and prostate cancer (two-fold). The treatment they receive are similar to that of the general population; RCC has to be treated with radical native nephrectomy in case of tumor, and conservative surgery in case of tumor in the graft. In patients with localized prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy is technically feasible. Regarding transitional cell carcinoma, immunosuppression is not a contraindication for the administration of BCG or MMC. These tumors can be managed following the same criteria as in the general population. Due to the potentially poor outcome because of the immunosuppression, closer monitoring is required in this specific population (AU)

Nefrectomía parcial en tumor renal voluminoso. Presentación de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Partial nephrectomy in a renal bulky tumor. A case report and review of the literature

Introducción: La evolución del tratamiento del carcinoma de células renales (CCR) ha ido desde la nefrectomía radical para todos los casos, a la nefrectomía parcial (NP) en masas cada vez de mayor tamaño. La laparoscopia permite avanzar hacia esquemas de tratamiento conservador con masas renales cada vez más voluminosas. Debido a la renovada tendencia de tratamiento de CCR >7 cm mediante NP, se considera oportuno realizar una revisión bibliográfica y presentar un caso clínico ilustrativo (AU)

The progressive evolution in the treatment of the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has moved from radical nephrectomy in almost all cases, to partial nephrectomy (NP) in renal masses of ever bigger size. Laparoscopy allows progress towards conservative treatment schemes with increasingly bulky renal masses. Due to the recent publishing of treatment by NP of RCC >7cm, there is appropriate to present a bibliography review and to present an illustrative clinical case (AU)

Nuevo enfoque de la uretroplastia en estenosis corta de uretra bulbar / New approach to urethroplasty in bulbar urethral stricture

La uretroplastia termino-terminal es el tratamiento habitual en las estenosis cortas de la uretra bulbar. Esta técnica lleva implícita, en la mayoría de casos, la sección de las arterias bulbares que dan suministro de sangre al cuerpo esponjoso y uretra bulbomembranosa. La técnica de uretroplastia dorsal bulbar sin resección del pedículo bulbocavernoso con cierre romboidal, utilizando el concepto de Heineke-Mikulicz, fue descrita por Andrich y Mundy en 2003 . Sus resultados son similares a la uretroplastia término-terminal con menos trauma quirúrgico. Se presenta un caso clínico y datos de nuestra experiencia inicial con esta nueva técnica de uretroplastia para el tratamiento de la estenosis bulbar corta de la uretra bulbar (AU)

The end-to-end urethroplasty is the usual treatment for short strictures of the bulbar urethra. This technique implies, in most cases, the section of the bulbar arteries that feed blood to the spongy body and bulbomembranous urethra. The technique of dorsal bulbar urethroplasty without resection of the pedicle with rhomboid closing using the Heineke-Mikulicz concept was described by Andrich and Mundy in 2003. Their results are similar to the end to end urethroplasty with the advantage of less surgical trauma. A clinical case and data of our initial experience with this new technique of urethroplasty for the treatment of short bulbar strictures of the bulbar urethra is presented (AU)

Autotrasplante renal en aneurisma complejo de arteria renal derecha / Renal autotransplantation in complex right renal artery aneurysm

Se presenta un caso clínico de aneurisma de la arteria renal derecha resuelto con cirugía extracorpórea de banco y autotrasplante a fosa ilíaca. Los aneurismas de la arteria renal pueden ser: saculares, fusiformes y disecantes, pudiendo interesar las arterias segmentarias. La HTA, dolor lumbar y la hematuria son manifestaciones clínicas clásicas. La angio TC es la técnica diagnóstica de elección. El tratamiento quirúrgico está indicado en lesiones mayores de 3 cm, evaluando en cada caso particular el riesgo-beneficio de la intervención. La angioplastia es la técnica quirúrgica de elección cuando no existe posibilidad de tratamiento endovascular. Cuando la lesión arterial es compleja una opción es realizar el autotrasplante renal (AU)

A case of aneurysm of the right renal artery treated with reovascular surgery (autotransplantation) is presented. The renal artery aneurysm can be: saccular, fusiform and dissecting, and may be interested in the segmental arteries. Hypertension, lumbar pain and hematuria are classic clinical manifestations. The angio CT is the diagnostic procedure of choice. Surgical treatment is indicated for lesions larger than 3 cm, evaluating the risk-benefit of the intervention. Angioplasty is the surgical technique of choice when endovascular treatment is no feasible. When arterial injury is complex option is to perform a renal autotransplantation (AU)

Absceso prostático. Caso clínico y revisión de literatura / Prostatic abscess. Case report and literature review

El absceso prostático es una entidad actualmente infrecuente, sin embargo, continúa siendo una patología grave, con un alto número de complicaciones y puede poner en peligro la vida del enfermo. Es difícil su diagnóstico por la gran variedad de síntomas que puede producir aunque debemos sospecharlo en aquellos casos de infección urinaria o prostatitis clínicas en las que la evolución es tórpida y la respuesta a los antibióticos escasa. La clínica y el tacto rectal orientan hacia el diagnóstico. El uso de ecografía transrectal es valioso en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento del absceso. El tratamiento incluye antibioticoterapia endovenosa así como medidas mínimamente invasivas como el drenaje ecodirigido mediante punción-aspiración bajo cobertura antibiótica que sería la primera opción terapéutica, quedando los drenajes endoscópicos y/o abiertos para aquellos pacientes en los que esta técnica no sea efectiva (AU)

Prostatic abscess is a rare entity currently, however, remains a serious disease with a high number of complications and can endanger the patient's life. Diagnosis is difficult by the wide variety of symptoms that can occur even though we suspected in cases of urinary tract infection or prostatitis clinics where evolution is torpid and poor response to antibiotics. Clinical and DRE oriented towards the diagnosis. The use of transrectal ultrasound is valuable in the diagnosis , treatment and monitoring of the abscess. Treatment includes intravenous antibiotic therapy and minimally invasive measures such as Ultrasound-guided drainage by needle aspiration under antibiotic coverage would be the first therapeutic option, so endoscopic and / or open for those patients in whom this technique is not effective drainage (AU)

Effects of cholinergic blockade on nocturnal thyrotropin and growth hormone (GH) secretion in type I diabetes mellitus: further evidence supporting somatostatin's involvement in GH suppression.

To investigate the influence of cholinergic pathways on somatostatin (SS) tone in type I diabetes mellitus, we studied the effect of the muscarinic receptor antagonist pirenzepine ([PZP] 100 mg orally) on spontaneous nocturnal growth hormone (GH) and thyrotropin (TSH) secretion and on their response to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in the morning in a group of nine insulin-dependent diabetic patients with poor diabetic control. When the nocturnal period was divided into two phases (11:00 PM to 2:30 AM and 3:00 AM to 6:00 AM), both GH and TSH mean concentrations during the first phase were higher than those seen in the second half of the night following placebo administration (GH, 13.4 +/- 1.1 v 4.15 +/- 0.9 ng/mL, P < .001; TSH, 1.9 +/- 0.21 v 1.57 +/- 0.1 microU/mL, P < .05). Pretreatment with PZP induced a significant reduction of GH secretion (3.17 +/- 1.1 v 13.4 +/- 1.1 ng/mL, P < .001) and TSH secretion (1.61 +/- 0.21 microU/mL, P < .05) in the first phase of the night, accounting for a 64% and 11% reduction in the GH and TSH nocturnal peak, respectively. PZP reduced the GH response to GHRH in the morning (17.9 +/- 2.7 v 36.7 +/- 6.3 ng/mL, P < .05), but did not induce any change in TSH values at that time. A positive relationship (r = .73, P < .01) was observed between the percent reduction of the GH response to GHRH and that of the nocturnal GH peak following PZP administration. PZP caused a significant reduction in glucose levels during the second phase of the night (6.4 +/- 0.92 v 9.81 +/- 0.85 mmol/L, P < .05). These results demonstrate that administration of PZP reduces GH and TSH secretion, providing further support for the involvement of SS in the inhibition of GH secretion induced by cholinergic antagonists in type I diabetics. The inhibitory effect of PZP on GHRH-induced GH secretion may help to predict nocturnal GH behavior following administration of the drug.

Symptomatic pericardial disease associated with patch electrodes of the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator: an underestimated complication?

Constrictive pericarditis can be associated with ICD patch electrodes. During a mean follow-up of 24 months, in a population of 35 patients who received ICDs with a patch electrodes configuration, we identified three patients with clinical and hemodynamic signs compatible with this event. Patient 1, a 35-year-old male, underwent implantation of an ICD because of a primary electrical disease complicated by cardiac arrest. Fourteen months later he complained of exertional dyspnea without any signs of heart failure. Right heart catheterization showed high filling pressures and diastolic dip and plateau in pressure curves. Thoracotomy and pericardial exploration were performed. Three months after removal of the patches and insertion of an endocardial lead system, the patient had normal respiration. Patients 2 and 3, who suffered from coronary heart disease without heart failure, exhibited a hemodynamic profile suggestive of constrictive pericarditis: in one patient, 10 months after ICD implantation, associated with right heart failure; and in the other, 18 months after ICD implantation with left heart failure. Patch electrodes were removed in these two patients and replaced by endocardial lead electrodes with subsequent clinical improvement. It is concluded that constrictive pericarditis related to epicardial patch is not an uncommon occurrence during ICD therapy and should be considered in patients who show clinical signs of cardiac decompensation.

[Radiofrequency ablation of intranodal tachycardia]. / Traitement par radiofréquence des tachycardies intranodales.

The first radical approach to the treatment of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia was surgical dissection of the perinodal region. This technique has been replaced by the delivery of radiofrequency energy by an ablation catheter to the region of the atrioventricular node. The aim of this report is to describe the authors' experience of atrioventricular nodal application of radiofrequency current. The study comprised 53 cases (32 women and 21 men, mean age 46 +/- 17 years) with frequent attacks of reciprocating tachycardia. Endocavitary electrophysiological investigation confirmed the intranodal reentrant mechanism. The region of application of the radiofrequency current was located radiologically and then the precise site determined by the recording of nodal electrical activity. The appearance of junctional rhythm during the procedure was also used as a means of identification of the zone of ablation. Dual conduction persisted after ablation in 35 patients. However, no episode of tachycardia could be induced after the procedure. The AH interval increased during application of radiofrequency current in 3 cases but this abnormality regressed in the 2 months following the procedure. Recurrences of nodal reentrant tachycardia were observed in 14 cases (26%), 24 hours to 2 months after ablation. The rate of recurrence was significantly higher in patients who did not have a junctional rhythm during application of the radiofrequency current (62% vs 4%, p < 0.05). The number of recurrences was also greater in the group of patients with persistence of slow intranodal conduction after the radiofrequency ablation (p < 0.04). A second session of radiofrequency ablation was undertaken in 14 patients and a third session was required for 2 of them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Benign indomethacin-responsive headaches presenting in the orofacial region: eight case reports.

Indomethacin-responsive headaches can present in the orofacial region. According to the classification of headache by the International Headache Society, indomethacin-responsive headaches include chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, hemicrania continue, benign cough headache, benign exertional headache, and sharp, short-lived headache pain syndrome. The mechanism by which indomethacin produces its therapeutic effects in these headache disorders remains speculative. A review of indomethacin-responsive headaches and eight cases in which the presenting symptom was orofacial pain are reported. Because these headache disorders are rare but may present as facial pain, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orofacial pain. A comprehensive evaluation prior to performing irreversible treatments is essential when an idiopathic facial pain presents to the dental clinician.