RESUMEN
We investigated the neuropharmacological effects of the methanolic extract from Lactuca capensis Thunb. leaves (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 21 days on memory impairment in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model produced by direct intraventricular delivery of amyloid-ß1-42 (Aß1-42). Behavioural assays such as Y-maze and radial arm maze test were used for assessing memory performance. Aß1-42 decreased cognitive performance in the behavioural tests which were ameliorated by pre-treatment with the methanolic extract. Acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidant-antioxidant balance in the rat hippocampus were abnormally altered by Aß1-42 treatment while these deficits were recovered by pre-treatment with the methanolic extract. In addition, rats were given Aß1-42 exhibited in the hippocampus decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA copy number and increased IL-1ß mRNA copy number which was reversed by the methanolic extract administration. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract could be a potent neuropharmacological agent against dementia via modulating cholinergic activity, increasing of BDNF levels and promoting antioxidant action in the rat hippocampus.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Asteraceae/química , Trastornos de la Memoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/fisiopatología , Péptidos beta-Amiloides , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/genética , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/uso terapéutico , Fragmentación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Dosificación de Gen , Glutatión/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos de la Memoria/fisiopatología , Metanol , Fragmentos de Péptidos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Carbonilación Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Memoria Espacial/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bacterial Infections involving multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes constitute a worldwide health concern. The present work was designed to assess the antibacterial properties of the methanol extracts of six medicinal plants (Anthocleista schweinfurthii, Nauclea latifolia, Boehmeria platyphylla, Caucalis melanantha, Erigeron floribundus and Zehneria scobra) and the effects of their associations with antibiotics on MDR Gram-negative bacteria over-expressing active efflux pumps. METHODS: The antibacterial activities and the ability to potentiate antibiotic effects of the methanol extracts the tested plants were evaluated in vitro against twenty eight Gram-negative bacteria expressing MDR phenotypes, using broth microdilution method. The phytochemical screening of these extracts was also performed using standard methods. RESULTS: All tested extracts displayed moderate to low antibacterial activity on at least 14.3 % of the 28 tested bacteria, with MIC values ranged from 128 to 1024 µg/mL. The best antibacterial spectrum was observed with Naulcea latifolia bark extract. Extracts from A. schweinfurthii fruits, N. latifolia stem bark, Z. scobra and N. latifolia leaves showed synergistic effects with many antibiotics against MDR bacteria. CONCLUSION: The overall results of the present study provide information for the possible use of the studied plants, especially Nauclea latifolia in the control of Gram-negative bacterial infections including MDR species as antibacterials as well as resistance modulators.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Camerún , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In the present study, the methanol extracts from the leaves, as well as compounds namely sigmoidin I (1), atalantoflavone (2), bidwillon A (3), neocyclomorusin (4), 6α-hydroxyphaseollidin (5) and neobavaisoflavone (6) (from the bark extract) were tested for their activities against a panel of Gram-negative bacteria including multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. METHODS: Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the extracts as well as compounds 1-6. RESULTS: The MIC results indicated that the crude extracts from the leaves and bark of this plant were able to inhibit the growth of 96.3 % of the 27 tested bacteria. Compounds 2-6 displayed selective activities, their inhibitory effects being obtained on 8.3 %, 41.7 %, 58.3 %, 58.3 % and 66.7 % of tested bacteria respectively for 2, 3, 5, 6 and 4. The lowest MIC value of 8 µg/mL was obtained with 6 against Escherichia coli ATCC8739, Enterobacter cloacae ECCI69, Klebsiella pneumoniae KP55, Providencia stuartii NAE16 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that Erythrina sigmoidea is a potential source of antibacterial drugs to fight against MDR bacteria. Neobavaisoflavone (6) is the main antibacterial consituents of the bark crude extract.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/efectos de los fármacos , Erythrina , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Mezclas Complejas/farmacología , Erythrina/química , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Fenotipo , Corteza de la Planta , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la PlantaRESUMEN
Treatment of infectious diseases with antimicrobials constituted a great achievement in the history of medicine. Unfortunately, the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria to all classes of antimicrobials limited their efficacy. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of combinations of antibiotics on multi-drug resistant Gram-negative (MDRGN) bacteria. A liquid micro-broth dilution method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of 10 different classes of antimicrobials on 20 bacterial strains belonging to six different species. The antimicrobials were associated with phenylalanine ß-naphthylamide (PAßN), an efflux pump inhibitor, and with other antimicrobials at their sub-inhibitory concentrations. The effectiveness of each combination was monitored using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). Most of the antimicrobials tested showed low antibacterial activity with a MIC value of 128 mg/L on a majority of the bacterial strains, justifying their multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile. Synergistic effects were mostly observed (FIC≤0.5) when ampicillin (AMP), cloxacillin (CLX), erythromycin (ERY), chloramphenicol (CHL), kanamycin (KAN) and streptomycin (STR) were combined with tetracycline (TET) at the sub-inhibitory concentration of MIC/5 or MIC/10. The results of the present work suggest that the association of several antimicrobials with TET could improve the fight against MDRGN bacterial species.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones Bacterianas/microbiología , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Tetraciclina/farmacología , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The continuous spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, partially due to efflux pumps drastically reduced the efficacy of the antibiotic armory, increasing the frequency of therapeutic failure. The search for new compounds to potentiate the efficacy of commonly used antibiotics is therefore important. The present study was designed to evaluate the ability of the methanol extracts of four Cameroonian dietary plants (Capsicum frutescens L. var. facilulatum, Brassica oleacera L. var. italica, Brassica oleacera L. var. butyris and Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench.) to improve the activity of commonly used antibiotics against MDR Gram-negative bacteria expressing active efflux pumps. METHODS: The qualitative phytochemical screening of the plant extracts was performed using standard methods whilst the antibacterial activity was performed by broth micro-dilution method. RESULTS: All the studied plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, triterpenes and sterols. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the studied extracts ranged from 256-1024 µg/mL. Capsicum frutescens var. facilulatum extract displayed the largest spectrum of activity (73%) against the tested bacterial strains whilst the lower MIC value (256 µg/mL) was recorded with Basilicum polystachyon against E. aerogenes ATCC 13048 and P. stuartii ATCC 29916. In the presence of PAßN, the spectrum of activity of Brassica oleacera var. italica extract against bacteria strains increased (75%). The extracts from Brassica oleacera var. butyris, Brassica oleacera var. italica, Capsicum frutescens var. facilulatum and Basilicum polystachyon showed synergistic effects (FIC ≤ 0.5) against the studied bacteria, with an average of 75.3% of the tested antibiotics. CONCLUSION: These results provide promising information for the potential use of the tested plants alone or in combination with some commonly used antibiotics in the fight against MDR Gram-negative bacteria.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Brassica/química , Capsicum/química , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Alcaloides/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Camerún , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Flavonoides/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Ocimum basilicum/química , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial properties and the ability to potentiate some common antibiotics effects of the methanol extracts of 11 Cameroonian food plants on 29 Gram-negative bacteria expressing multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. METHODS: The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was performed using the broth microdilution method. The phytochemical screening of these extracts was also performed using standard methods. RESULTS: Ocimum basilicum, Gnetum africanum and Eucalyptus robusta extracts possessed an antibacterial activity against all the 29 studied bacteria. The extracts from G. africanum and E. robusta were the most active with the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration of 64 µg/mL on Escherichia coli AG100A for both extracts and also against Klebsiella pneumoniae K24 for G. africanum. When tested in the presence of phenylalanine-arginine ß-Naphtylamide (PAßN), an efflux pump inhibitor, the extract of Thymus vulgaris and E. Robusta showed the best activities on most tested strains. E. Robusta extract showed good synergistic effects, improving the activity of commonly used antibiotics in about 85% of cases. CONCLUSION: The overall results obtained provide the baseline information for the use of the tested plants in the treatment of bacterial infections.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicinas Tradicionales Africanas/métodos , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Camerún , Eucalyptus/química , Gnetum/química , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Ocimum basilicum/química , Fitoterapia/métodos , Plantas Comestibles/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to investigate the antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts of four Cameroonian edible plants, locally used to treat microbial infections, and their synergistic effects with antibiotics against a panel of twenty nine Gram-negative bacteria including Multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes expressing active efflux pumps. METHODS: The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts [alone and in the presence of the efflux pumps inhibitor (EPI) Phenylalanine-Arginine ß-Naphtylamide (PAßN)], and those of antibiotics in association with the two of the most active ones, Piper nigrum and Telfairia occidentalis. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts was conducted according to the standard phytochemical methods. RESULTS: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids in all studied extracts. Other chemical classes of secondary metabolites were selectively present in the extracts. The results of the MIC determination indicated that the crude extracts from P. nigrum and V. amygdalina were able to inhibit the growth of all the twenty nine studied bacteria within a concentration range of 32 to 1024 µg/mL. At a similar concentration range (32 to 1024 µg/mL) the extract from T. occidentalis inhibited the growth of 93.1% of the tested microorganisms. At MIC/2 and MIC/5, synergistic effects were noted between the extracts from P. nigrum and T. occidentalis and seven of the tested antibiotics on more than 70% of the tested bacteria. CONCLUSION: The overall results of the present study provide information for the possible use of the studied edible plants extracts in the control of bacterial infections including MDR phenotypes.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Cucurbitaceae/química , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Piper nigrum/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Syzygium/química , Vernonia/química , Alcaloides/química , Alcaloides/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Camerún , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/genética , Bacterias Gramnegativas/metabolismo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas Comestibles/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In response to the propagation of bacteria resistant to many antibiotics also called multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, the discovery of new and more efficient antibacterial agents is primordial. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activities of seven Cameroonian dietary plants (Adansonia digitata, Aframomum alboviolaceum, Aframomum polyanthum, Anonidium. mannii, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Ocimum gratissimum and Tamarindus indica). METHODS: The phytochemical screening of the studied extracts was performed using described methods whilst the liquid broth micro dilution was used for all antimicrobial assays against 27 Gram-negative bacteria. RESULTS: The results of the phytochemical tests indicate that all tested extracts contained phenols and triterpenes, other classes of chemicals being selectively present. The studied extracts displayed various degrees of antibacterial activities. The extracts of A. digitata, H. sabdarifa, A. polyanthum, A. alboviolaceum and O. gratissimum showed the best spectra of activity, their inhibitory effects being recorded against 81.48%, 66.66%, 62.96%, 55.55%, and 55.55% of the 27 tested bacteria respectively. The extract of A. polyanthum was very active against E. aerogenes EA294 with the lowest recorded minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 µg/ml. CONCLUSION: The results of the present work provide useful baseline information for the potential use of the studied edible plants in the fight against both sensitive and MDR phenotypes.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Magnoliopsida , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Comestibles , Camerún , Dieta , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
4-hydroxylonchocarpin (LCP) or 2',4-dihydroxy-3',4'-(2,2-dimethylchromene) chalcone is a chalcone of the class flavonoid, with a molecular weight of 322 g/mol mostly isolated in the family Moraceae and Leguminosae. LCP was reported to have a variety of pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-reverse transcriptase, antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, ornitnine decarboxylase activity and antioxidant. The hemisynthesis of the compound has been described. The present review was undertaken to bring out together the knowledge on LCP, and can serve as the start point for future research and valorization accomplishments.
Asunto(s)
Flavonas/química , Flavonas/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Vías Biosintéticas/efectos de los fármacos , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonas/biosíntesis , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Many edible plants are used in Cameroon since ancient time to control microbial infections. This study was designed at evaluating the antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts of ten Cameroonian vegetables against a panel of twenty nine Gram negative bacteria including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. METHODS: The broth microdilution method was used to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and the Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) of the studied extracts. When chloramphenicol was used as a reference antibiotic, the MICs were also determined in the presence of Phenylalanine-Arginine ß-Naphtylamide (PAßN), an efflux pumps inhibitor (EPI). The phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed using standard methods. RESULTS: All tested extracts exhibited antibacterial activities, with the MIC values varying from 128 to 1024 mg/L. The studied extracts showed large spectra of action, those from L. sativa, S. edule, C. pepo and S. nigrum being active on all the 29 bacterial strains tested meanwhile those from Amaranthus hybridus, Vernonia hymenolepsis, Lactuca.carpensis and Manihot esculenta were active on 96.55% of the strains used. The plant extracts were assessed for the presence of large classes of secondary metabolites: alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpenes. Each studied plant extract was found to contain compounds belonging to at least two of the above mentioned classes. CONCLUSION: These results confirm the traditional claims and provide promising baseline information for the potential use of the tested vegetables in the fight against bacterial infections involving MDR phenotypes.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Comestibles/química , Verduras/química , Antibacterianos/análisis , Camerún , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The present work was designed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of the methanol extracts of eleven selected Cameroonian spices on multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR), and their ability to potentiate the effect of some common antibiotics used in therapy. RESULTS: The extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and AG100 strains showed the best activities, with the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 64 µg/ml. The extract of Dorstenia psilurus was the most active when tested in the presence of an efflux pump inhibitor, phenylalanine Arginine-ß- Naphtylamide (PAßN), a synergistic effect being observed in 56.25 % of the tested bacteria when it was combined with erythromycin (ERY). CONCLUSION: The present work evidently provides information on the role of some Cameroonian spices in the fight against multi-resistant bacteria.