RESUMEN
The Encylopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project launched in 2003 with the long-term goal of developing a comprehensive map of functional elements in the human genome. These included genes, biochemical regions associated with gene regulation (for example, transcription factor binding sites, open chromatin, and histone marks) and transcript isoforms. The marks serve as sites for candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) that may serve functional roles in regulating gene expression1. The project has been extended to model organisms, particularly the mouse. In the third phase of ENCODE, nearly a million and more than 300,000 cCRE annotations have been generated for human and mouse, respectively, and these have provided a valuable resource for the scientific community.
Asunto(s)
Bases de Datos Genéticas , Genoma/genética , Genómica , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Cromatina/genética , Cromatina/metabolismo , Metilación de ADN , Bases de Datos Genéticas/normas , Bases de Datos Genéticas/tendencias , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/genética , Genoma Humano/genética , Genómica/normas , Genómica/tendencias , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular/normas , Control de Calidad , Secuencias Reguladoras de Ácidos Nucleicos/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a spectrum of conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The components of MetS include dysglycemia, visceral obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein) and hypertension. An association of periodontal disease and MetS has been suggested. This association is believed to be the result of systemic oxidative stress and an exuberant inflammatory response. When examined individually, the components of the MetS that are most closely related to the risk of periodontitis are dysglycemia and obesity, with lesser contributions by atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension. Data suggest that the odds of periodontitis increase with the number of MetS components present in an individual. The direction of the relationship between MetS and periodontal disease cannot currently be determined because the majority of studies are cross-sectional. The association between MetS and periodontitis, however, suggests that improved understanding of this association could promote interprofessional practice. Evidence suggests that periodontal therapy can reduce the levels of inflammatory mediators in serum. If this finding is confirmed, periodontal treatment could become part of therapy for MetS. Oral health providers who identify patients at risk for MetS could refer them to a medical provider, and physicians could refer patients to dentists to ensure that patients with MetS receive a dental evaluation and any necessary treatment. These clinical activities would improve both oral and general health outcomes.
