Efectividad y seguridad de la biopsia hepática guiada porendosonografía en enfermedad hepática en un hospital públicode nivel III

La evaluación de la enfermedad hepática parenquimal suele comprender exámenes de laboratorio y de imagen; sin embargo, en algunos casos se puede requerir una biopsia hepática. La biopsia del hígado guiada por endosonografía se ha reportado como un procedimiento con un rendimiento diagnóstico entre 90 a 100% con un perfil bajo de eventos adversos; sin embargo, no existen estudios que reporten la experiencia y el tipo de técnica empleada en nuestro país. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad y la seguridad de la biopsia hepática guiada por endosonografía en enfermedad hepática parenquimal. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo realizado en un hospital público de nivel de atención III-2 en Lima, Perú, el cual incluyó pacientes mayores de 18 años con sospecha de alguna enfermedad hepática parenquimal que fueron sometidos a una biopsia guiada por endosonografía desde marzo del 2018 a octubre del 2022. Resultados: El rendimiento diagnóstico de las biopsias fue de 77,02%, con una longitud media de la muestra obtenida de 13,98 mm (desviación estándar 7,34) y una mediana de 8 espacios porta completos (0-50). Cabe mencionar que solo un 31.25% de procedimientos se realizaron con aguja fina de biopsia (FNB), encontrándose una diferencia significativa entre el tipo de aguja y el rendimiento diagnóstico (p=0,01). El diagnóstico histopatológico más frecuente el de hepatitis autoinmune. Y existieron un 2,08% de complicaciones post procedimiento. Conclusiones: Las biopsias guiadas por endosonografía para el diagnóstico de enfermedad parenquimal hepática tienen una efectividad cercana al 80% en nuestro medio y con un perfil bajo de eventos adversos; sin embargo, se necesitan estudios prospectivos y con un mayor número de pacientes.

Parenchymal liver diseases are commonly evaluated by laboratory and imaging studies. However, in some cases a liver biopsy is required. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB) has been reported as a procedure with high diagnostic yield (90-100%) with low adverse event profile, but there are not studies which report about the experience and technique in our country. Objective: Determinate the effectiveness and the safety of endosonography-guided liver biopsy in liver parenchymal disease. Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted at a III-2 level of care Public Hospital in Lima, Peru. It included patients over 18 years of age with suspicion of parenchymal liver disease who underwent EUS-LB for study hepatic parenchymal disease since March of 2018 to October of 2022. Results: The diagnostic yield of the biopsies was 77.02%, with a mean length of the sample of 13.98mm (standard deviation 7.34) and a median of 8 complete portal spaces (0-50). Only 31.25% of the procedures were performed with a fine needle biopsy (FNB), finding a significant difference between the type of needle and the diagnostic yield (p=0.01). The most common histopathological diagnosis was autoinmune hepatitis. There were 2.08% of post-procedure complications. Conclusions: EUS-LB for the diagnosis of liver parenchymal disease had a diagnostic yield close to 80% in our region with a low profile of adverse events. However, more prospectives studies with a larger number of patients are required.

[Effectiveness and safety of endosonography-guided liver biopsy in liver disease at a level III public hospital]. / Efectividad y seguridad de la biopsia hepática guiada por endosonografía en enfermedad hepática en un hospital público de nivel III.

Parenchymal liver diseases are commonly evaluated by laboratory and imaging studies. However, in some cases a liver biopsy is required. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB) has been reported as a procedure with high diagnostic yield (90-100%) with low adverse event profile, but there are not studies which report about the experience and technique in our country. OBJECTIVE: Determinate the effectiveness and the safety of endosonography-guided liver biopsy in liver parenchymal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted at a III-2 level of care Public Hospital in Lima, Peru. It included patients over 18 years of age with suspicion of parenchymal liver disease who underwent EUS-LB for study hepatic parenchymal disease since March of 2018 to October of 2022. RESULTS: The diagnostic yield of the biopsies was 77.02%, with a mean length of the sample of 13.98mm (standard deviation 7.34) and a median of 8 complete portal spaces (0-50). Only 31.25% of the procedures were performed with a fine needle biopsy (FNB), finding a significant difference between the type of needle and the diagnostic yield (p=0.01). The most common histopathological diagnosis was autoinmune hepatitis. There were 2.08% of post-procedure complications. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-LB for the diagnosis of liver parenchymal disease had a diagnostic yield close to 80% in our region with a low profile of adverse events. However, more prospectives studies with a larger number of patients are required.

[Primary lymph node gastrinoma]. / Gastrinoma primario de ganglio linfático.

Gastrinomas are neuroendocrine tumors usually located in the duodenum and pancreas, in the context of a Multiple Endocrine Neoplasm and forming a Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The location of this type of lymph node tumor is extremely unusual and its early diagnosis constitutes a real challenge to be able to establish an adequate treatment and manage the complications that these entail. We present the case of a 64-year-old male patient with a lymph node gastrinoma and whose surgical removal resulted in the immediate remission of the patient's symptoms.

Gastrinoma primario de ganglio linfático

Los gastrinomas son tumores neuroendocrinos localizados generalmente en duodeno y páncreas, en el contexto de una neoplasia endocrina múltiple y configurando un síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison. La localización de este tipo de tumor en ganglios linfáticos es extremadamente inusual y su diagnóstico precoz constituye un verdadero reto para poder instaurar un tratamiento adecuado y manejar las complicaciones que estos conllevan. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 64 años con un gastrinoma de ganglio linfático y cuya extirpación quirúrgica resultó en la remisión inmediata del cuadro clínico del paciente.

Gastrinomas are neuroendocrine tumors usually located in the duodenum and pancreas, in the context of a Multiple Endocrine Neoplasm and forming a Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The location of this type of lymph node tumor is extremely unusual and its early diagnosis constitutes a real challenge to be able to establish an adequate treatment and manage the complications that these entail. We present the case of a 64-year-old male patient with a lymph node gastrinoma and whose surgical removal resulted in the immediate remission of the patient's symptoms.

Gastric Pseudotumor due to Fasciola hepatica.

A 71-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. He had epigastric tenderness on examination. Basic studies revealed anemia and eosinophilia. A computed tomography scan showed a mass in the anterior wall of the stomach. Endoscopic studies revealed a subepithelial lesion in the same area. An exploratory laparotomy was conducted to rule out any malignancy, revealing a mass fixed to the transverse colon and stomach. Biopsy samples showed eosinophilic nodules and multiple cystic structures compatible with Fasciola hepatica. The patient was treated with triclabendazole with complete resolution. Gastric pseudotumor secondary to F. hepatica is a rare but treatable disease.

Mucormicosis diseminada en un paciente diabético: un reporte de caso / Disseminated mucormycosis in a diabetic patient: a case report

La mucormicosis es una infección fúngica altamente mortal que se presenta en pacientes con algún grado de inmunosupresión, siendo la forma rinocerebral la más común. Es el primer reporte en el Perú de mucormicosis diseminada con compromiso multisistémico en un paciente con cetoacidosis diabética. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 47 años diabético procedente de la selva peruana con cuadro de insuficiencia respiratoria en ventilación mecánica. A su ingreso presenta leucocitosis, acidosis metabólica anion gap elevado, hiperglicemia e hipoalbuminemia. Posteriormente, es intervenido quirúrgicamente en tres oportunidades por presentar abdomen agudo con hallazgos en la patología de necrosis y perforación de varios órganos, falleciendo a los pocos días. Paciente se encontraba recibiendo su quinta dosis de anfotericina B deoxicolato. Se observaron hifas con angulación recta compatible con mucormicosis en estómago, intestino y pulmón.

Mucormycosis is a highly lethal fungal infection occurring in patients with some degree of immunosuppression. The rhinocerebral form is the most frequent presentation. This is the first report in Peru of a case of disseminated mucormycosis in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. This is a 47-year-old diabetic male subject who was referred from the Amazon jungle and presented with respiratory insufficiency receiving mechanical ventilation. On admission, the patient had leukocytosis, metabolic acidosis with high anion gap, hyperglycemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Soon afterwards, the patient underwent surgery because of acute abdomen, and the anatomopathological examination revealed necrosis and hollow viscus perforation, and he ultimately died. At this time, he was receiving amphotericin B deoxycholate. Straight angle hyphae compatible with mucormycosis were found in stomach, intestine, and lungs.

Cistoadenoma mucinoso hepático / Hepatic mucinous cystadenoma

El cistoadenoma hepático es una neoplasia muy rara, con menos de 250 casos reportados en la literatura mundial, que se da con mayor frecuencia en mujeres. Por la dificultad de diferenciar el quiste simple y el quiste hidatídico con el cistoadenoma hepático; así como su recidiva y posibilidad de displasia o carcinoma, si no es tratado mediante resección completa, es que presentamos el caso de una mujer de 56 años con historia de quiste hepático simple tratado en 2 oportunidades con destechamiento simple y que recidivaron, ya que se trataba de un cistoadenoma hepático.

Hepatic cystadenoma is a very rare neoplasm, with less than 250 cases reported in the world literature, which occurs more frequently in women. Due to the difficulty of differentiating the simple cyst and the hydatid cyst with the hepatic cystadenoma; as well as its recurrence and possibility of dysplasia or carcinoma, if it is not treated by complete resection, we present the case of a woman of 56 years old with history of simple hepatic cyst treated on 2 occasions with simple hepatic cyst unroofing and that they relapsed, so it was a hepatic cystadenoma.