Integrative analysis of Lunatic Fringe variants associated with spondylocostal dysostosis type-III.

Lunatic Fringe (LFNG) is required for spinal development. Biallelic pathogenic variants cause spondylocostal dysostosis type-III (SCD3), a rare disease generally characterized by malformed, asymmetrical, and attenuated development of the vertebral column and ribs. However, a variety of SCD3 cases reported have presented with additional features such as auditory alterations and digit abnormalities. There has yet to be a single, comprehensive, functional evaluation of causative LFNG variants and such analyses could unveil molecular mechanisms for phenotypic variability in SCD3. Therefore, nine LFNG missense variants associated with SCD3, c.564C>A, c.583T>C, c.842C>A, c.467T>G, c.856C>T, c.601G>A, c.446C>T, c.521G>A, and c.766G>A, were assessed in vitro for subcellular localization and protein processing. Glycosyltransferase activity was quantified for the first time in the c.583T>C, c.842C>A, and c.446C>T variants. Primarily, our results are the first to satisfy American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics PS3 criteria (functional evidence via well-established assay) for the pathogenicity of c.583T>C, c.842C>A, and c.446C>T, and replicate this evidence for the remaining six variants. Secondly, this work indicates that all variants that prevent Golgi localization also lead to impaired protein processing. It appears that the FRINGE domain is responsible for this phenomenon. Thirdly, our data suggests that variant proximity to the catalytic residue may influence whether LFNG is improperly trafficked and/or enzymatically dysfunctional. Finally, the phenotype of the axial skeleton, but not elsewhere, may be modulated in a variant-specific fashion. More reports are needed to continue testing this hypothesis. We anticipate our data will be used as a basis for discussion of genotype-phenotype correlations in SCD3.

Pulgarización en Síndrome de Nager. Caso clínico / Pollicization in Nager Syndrome. A case report

El tratamiento de las hipoplasias del pulgar, independientemente del síndrome clínico en el que estén incluidas, se basa en su severidad. La pulgarización, migración quirúrgica del índice hacia la posición del pulgar para sustituir su función, se reserva para los casos más severos. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 4 años de edad con Síndrome de Nager. Entre las características clínicas más significativas del caso destacamos: paladar hendido, microtia bilateral, fisura palpebral antimongoloide, hipoplasia malar, hipoplasia mandibular, coloboma del párpado inferior, así como hipoplasia severa bilateral de pulgares y ausencia parcial de tibia. Realizamos procedimiento de pulgarización en mano derecha sin complicaciones, con evolución satisfactoria. Tras 18 meses de seguimiento, el paciente presenta prensión esférica y cilíndrica adecuada, prensión lateral, así como oposición al quinto dedo (AU)

Treatment paradigm for a child with thumb deficiency or hypoplasia is based on severity, apart from other clinical features. Pollicization or surgical substitution of the thumb, most commonly using the index finger, is reserved for the most severe cases. We present the case of a 4-year-old male with Nager Syndrome. Among the most notable clinical characteristics we found: cleft palate, bilateral microtia, downslanting palpebral fissure, malar hypoplasia, mandibular hypoplasia, lower eyelid coloboma, partial tibial agenesis as well as bilateral hypoplastic/absent thumbs. Pollicization was performed for the right hand without complications. After 18 months follow-up, adequate cilyndrical and spherical grasp was achieved, as well as lateral prehension and opposition to fifth finger (AU)

Tomographic assessment of the spine in children with spondylocostal dysotosis syndrome

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform a detailed tomographic analysis of the skull base, craniocervical junction, and the entire spine in seven patients with spondylocostal dysostosis syndrome. METHOD: Detailed scanning images have been organized in accordance with the most prominent clinical pathology. The reasons behind plagiocephaly, torticollis, short immobile neck, scoliosis and rigid back have been detected. Radiographic documentation was insufficient modality. RESULTS: Detailed computed tomography scans provided excellent delineation of the osseous abnormality pattern in our patients. CONCLUSION: This article throws light on the most serious osseous manifestations of spondylocostal dysostosissyndrome.

Seudoartrosis congénita de clavícula patología de alta confusión diagnóstica / Congenital pseudarthrosis of clavicle, differential diagnosis pathology

La seudoartrosis congénita de clavícula es una entidad rara, casi siempre aparece sin asociación a otras patologías y generalmente no ocasiona limitaciones importantes en los niños. Puede confundirse con otras entidades como la fractura de clavícula de origen traumático. La mayoría de los pacientes consultan por defecto estético y pocas veces por dolor. Generalmente el tratamiento es quirúrgico; pero existe controversia sobre la necesidad de realizar cirugía. Presentamos dos casos clínicos con seudoar según los últimos parámetros o leyes y trosis de la clavícula derecha que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico con resultados satisfactorios

Síntomas guía de las enfermedades lisosomales. Una orientación para el pediatra general / Symptoms indicative of lysosomal storage diseases: a guide for the general pediatrician

Las enfermedades lisosomales son un amplio grupo de entidades infrecuentes de manera aislada, que, a diferencia de otros grupos de enfermedades metabólicas, suelen alterar el fenotipo a lo largo de su evolución. Este hecho motiva que algunas de ellas puedan ser diagnosticadas por el pediatra de visu. Además, la posibilidad reciente de terapia enzimática de sustitución hace que algunas tengan ya posibilidad de tratamiento, y otras, próximamente. Estas dos características conllevan la necesidad de que el pediatra conozca su sintomatología y las características de los fenotipos para incrementar la sospecha diagnóstica

Lysosomal storage diseases comprise a broad group of rare diseases which, unlike other groups of metabolic disorders, tend to produce phenotypic changes over the course of time (facial dysmorphism and other skeletal abnormalities). This circumstance enables pediatricians to diagnose some of them on the basis of visual inspection. Moreover, the recent introduction of emzyme replacement therapy has made it possible to treat some of these diseases, and others will follow in the near future. Thus, since a high degree of clinical suspicion is the key to their diagnosis, the pediatrician must be familiar with the symptomatology and the most common phenotypic features associated with these metabolic disorders

Disostosis orodigitofacial

Presentamos el caso de una niña de 7 meses de edad con las malformaciones descritas en el síndrome orodigitofacial....(AU)