Emergency services response to eCall System alerts: Observations from 2016-2022 in the National Fire and Rescue System.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of interventions by fire protection units in road traffic incidents alerted by the eCall system between 2016 and 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from the State Fire Service Decision Support System (SFS DSS), provided by the Operational Planning Office, were used. Events from January 1, 2016, 00:00 to December 31, 2022, 23:59 were analyzed. Quantitative data were described using mean (Mean) and standard deviation (SD). Correlations and differences at a significance level of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The analysis is anonymous for both victims and officers involved in the interventions. RESULTS: Between 2016 and 2022, firefighters were alerted by the e-call system 896 times. The shortest average intervention time was 47 ± 37 min and was recorded in 2021. In the comparative analysis of intervention time and factors conditioning the use of the eCall system, it was shown that this time was significantly statistically dependent on the number of cars involved in the incident (p < 0.001), the number of injured persons (p < 0.001), the type of intervention (p < 0.001),), and the occurrence of fuel leakage (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ECall is a relevant system for reporting accidents and collisions on the road. While it proves reliable in road incidents, a significantly high number of false alarms initiated from eCall requires system refinement to avoid accidental alarms and user education about the possibility of unintentionally sending an alarm signal. The authors predict that as the number of vehicles with the eCall system introduced to the roads increases, so will the number of notifications from this system. Data from the analysis of false reports suggest that mechanics and electricians in facilities performing repairs and maintenance of vehicles with the eCall system may lack the necessary knowledge of the need to deactivate the system before starting work. The number of injured people had no impact on the intervention time, which may prove that the rescue services were properly prepared.

Accidents rate of the Polish State Fire Service officers during service in the years 2015-2022.

BACKGROUND: The profession of a firefighter is fraught with a significant risk of injuries. Firefighters operate in hazardous zones to mitigate threats and combat fires. Aim of work is to evaluate the accident rate of the officers of the Polish State Fire Service in connection with their service, considering direct participation in rescue operations, and other official duties between the years 2015-2022. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An 8-year analysis was conducted from reports covered the number of accidents, the number of injured firefighters, the age of the officers, the circumstances of the event, and the type and location of the injury. This includes fire and rescue operations, exercises, training, official trips, sports activities, and technical work related to equipment. RESULTS: Between 2015 and 2022, there were 12 588 individual and group accidents in various circumstances. Most firefighter accidents occurred during rescue and firefighting operations, as well as during sports activities which dominate as the cause of injuries among firefighters in the observed period (37.8%), and injuries related to rescue and fire-fighting activities constitute 28.5%. Other work activities of firefighters cause 33.7% of injuries. In 2020 was a clear reduction in the number of accidents per 1000 employed firefighters in each observed parameter (total, interventions, sport) while maintaining the average level of firefighter employment (M±SD 30 099±224). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent circumstances of injury are slippery and challenging spaces, surfaces, and carelessness. The most common type of body injury is a dislocation and sprain concerning the ankle joint, foot. The most frequent causes of work-related injuries for firefighters, as the results indicate, are participation in team sports and fire-fighting and rescue operations. The most commonly occurring medical consequences resulting from a firefighter's injury are fractures, sprains, and contusions of various body areas. Firefighters are most burdened with injuries in the age group 26-35 years old. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(6):469-77.

Job satisfaction among nurses working in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Job satisfaction is one of the key factors related to the work efficiency of nursing staff. Its level may affect the degree of the professional's commitment to work and effectiveness in performing their professional tasks. For a modern organisation, job satisfaction is associated with a number of benefits for both the employee and the employer. Job satisfaction of nurses is extremely important due to their professional tasks being related to the care of patients. Nurses with low levels of job satisfaction may have less capabilities to provide high quality care and thus maintain a high level of patient satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study which included 302 people practising the profession of a nurse and employed in a hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. The level of job satisfaction was assessed using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), which was preceded by questions characterising the research group. The questionnaire was delivered to the respondents in electronic form. RESULTS: The respondents obtained an average result in terms of the level of job satisfaction (M±SD 58.53±11.42). The highest rated area was the chance to do something good for other people (M±SD 3.85±0.87), and the lowest rated areas included: the method of work evaluation and the remuneration system (M±SD 2.24±0.74), the chances for advancement (M±SD 2.38±0.94) and the chance to take up senior positions (M±SD 2.39±0.88) as well as the number of tasks to be performed during the working day (M±SD 2.40±0.86). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, average values of the level of job satisfaction were obtained. A higher level of job satisfaction was shown by those employed in a non-infectious hospital and those with higher monthly earnings. Employers' policy should focus on improving working conditions, the remuneration system and promotion opportunities. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(4):271-8.

Long-term Development of Fibrosarcoma in the Practice of Emergency Medical Teams: a Case Report.

Fibrosarcoma is a relatively rapidly growing, poorly delineated spindle cell tumour. It has generally good prognosis and rarely metastasizes. Soft tissue sarcomas account for less than 1% of all malignancies in adults. High rates of sarcomas are, for example, seen in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. This paper presents the case of a patient with knee joint destruction caused by a fibrosarcoma, on account of which an emergency medical team was summoned several times. We present data from three medical rescue team interventions to a patient with a tumour in the left lower leg. The data was obtained from the documentation generated during the interventions: dispatch order record (DOR) and medical emergency treatment report (METR). The patient had a history of the following chronic diseases (ICD-10): E11.8, I50.9, I10, and M15. Two interventions involved patient transportation to a hospital, whereas the third intervention was completed in the patient's home. The fibrosarcoma caused only slight pain. Frequent bleeding from an open cancerous wound was the main problem in this patient. Difficulty in wound healing could have been related to complications of diabetes mellitus and the patients advanced age.

Compassion Fatigue and Perceived Social Support among Polish Nurses.

BACKGROUND: Social support has a vital role in preventing traumatic stress in nurses. Nurses are regularly exposed to contact with violence, suffering, and death. The situation worsened during the pandemic because they were also faced with the possibility of infection SARS-CoV-2 and death from COVID-19. Many nurses are faced with increased pressure, stress, and other adverse effects on their mental health. The study aimed to measure the relationship between compassion fatigue and perceived social support in polish nurses. METHODS: The study was conducted on 862 professionally active nurses in Poland using the CAWI method (Computer-Assisted Web Interview). The professional Quality of Life scale (ProQOL) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used for collecting the data. StatSoft, Inc. (2014) was used for data analysis. For comparisons between the groups: Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple comparisons (post-hoc). The relationships between variables were tested using Spearman's rho, Tau Kendall, and the chi-square test. RESULTS: The research showed the presence of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout in the group of Polish hospital nurses. A higher level of perceived social support was associated with lower compassion fatigue (r = -0.35; p < 0.001). A higher level of social support was associated with higher job satisfaction (r = 0.40; p < 0.001). The study also found that a higher level of social support was associated with a lower risk of burnout (r = -0.41; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Preventing compassion fatigue and burnout should be a priority for healthcare managers. Notably, an essential predictor of compassion fatigue is that Polish nurses often work overtime. It is necessary to pay more attention to the crucial role of social support in preventing compassion fatigue and burnout.

Geriatric patient in the practice of emergency medical teams - observation in 2020-2022.

Purpose: Analysis of interventions of medical rescue teams for geriatric patients in a three-year period, taking into account the causes, circumstances, medical management, pharmacology. Materials and methods: The study included a 3-year retrospective analysis of the trips of medical rescue teams in the northern part of the Lubelskie Voivodeship in the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. The data comes from medical documentation. Interventions caused by a health risk in a patient in the 90+ age group were qualified as events. 897 EMT interventions were qualified (2020-327, 2021-269, 2022-301) constituting 4.29% of all interventions carried out in the operational area. In addition, a quantitative analysis of a comparative group of patients aged 80-89 was performed. Results: It was shown that the time of rescue activities was the longest for injuries and the shortest for mental disorders (60 ± 31 vs. 43 ± 21 min). It was shown that specialist EMT teams (S) were statistically significantly more often called for cardiology disorders (63%). It was shown that pharmacological agents were used statistically significantly more often in respiratory disorders (83%) compared to neurology disorders (47%, p < 0.001). It was also shown that patients whose call was caused by neurology disorders were statistically more often transported to the emergency department (N = 76, 76%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The causes of calls regarding disorders of the circulatory and respiratory systems most often require the implementation of pharmacology during EMT interventions, mainly short-term and symptomatic drugs. Interventions to rural areas dominate in the presented analysis in each year of the analysis and in each group of reasons for calls, which may be associated with more difficult access to a primary care physician. Most EMT interventions concern exacerbation of chronic diseases. Transport to the hospital was necessary mainly due to neurological and traumatic calls.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Transplantation Among Nursing Students.

INTRODUCTION: Despite legal regulations and social campaigns promoting the idea of organ transplantation, Poland still lacks organs for transplantation. Organ transplantation not only is the best method of treating the end-stage failure of many organs but also improves the lives of patients. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to assess nursing students' knowledge and opinions about transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studies were conducted in February and March 2019, with 100 nursing BSc and MSc students selected at random. The study tool was the questionnaire. The questions contained in the questionnaire were closed questions. To answer them, statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. RESULTS: The study group included 96% of women and 4% of men. Of all respondents, 83% were aged 18 to 25. Almost half of respondents admitted that their close relatives do not realize that they agree to the removal of organs after death. As many as 59% of respondents firmly believe in the rightness of organ donation. The studies presented in this article demonstrate that only 57 of 100 respondents informed their close relatives about the will to donate their organs after death. CONCLUSIONS: Persons involved in the study support the idea of transplantation and would be willing to donate their organs if necessary. Both the studies presented in this article and articles written by other people show the need for more intense education of medical staff. The master studies help raise awareness and knowledge about transplantation.

Long-term Results of Kidney Transplantation: Analysis of Selected Factors.

BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation is considered the most effective method of treating patients with end-stage renal disease. Despite continuous improvement of short-term outcomes, progression of long-term results is minimal. METHODS: The retrospective cohort study included 45 patients (24 women and 21 men). Terms of qualification for the study were time after kidney transplantation: minimum 25 years and satisfactory graft function. Medical documentation was analyzed from which specific laboratory parameters, information about transplantation procedure, and clinical data were selected. RESULTS: The average time since transplantation in the study group was 30 years. Chronic glomerulonephritis was a major cause that led to end-stage renal disease among the study group. The average age of the respondents was 62 years ± 8.5 years. The average time patients had hemodialysis procedures lasted 30 months. Current estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) concentration was correlated with level of creatinine measured 10 years after transplantation and current hemoglobin level (r = 0.447, P = .003, r = 0.586 P < .001). No statistically significant differences were noted in the eGFR level, depending on the current age of recipients (t = 0.511, P = .612), total ischemia time (Z = 0.334, P = .729), or hemodialysis duration (t = -1.944, P = .058). CONCLUSIONS: The presented study emphasizes the impact of graft function on hemoglobin level and the predictive role of the creatinine measured 10 years after transplantation for long-term renal outcomes. Continuing research will enrich the knowledge about long-term care and treatment for patients after kidney transplantation.

Costs of Long-Term Post-Transplantation Care in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND Solid organ transplantations lead to improvements in patient survival and patient quality of life, as well as health care system economic benefits. However, over time, health problems can accumulate post-transplantation. Therefore, we hypothesized that in the late post-transplantation period, the costs of patient care increase. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively calculated costs of patient care in 306 randomly selected kidney transplant recipients who had different follow-up time periods after kidney transplantation (between 1 year and 25 years). Direct costs of inpatient care as well as outpatient care, from the perspective of a transplant center, were considered. RESULTS The mean costs, as well as median costs of post-transplantation care were the highest in the first post-transplantation year. Afterwards, the mean costs and median costs decreased, without an increase in costs of care in the late post-transplantation periods. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of a transplant center, costs of long-term post-kidney transplantation care did not increase in the late period, even as long as 25 years after transplantation. Our results confirmed that kidney transplantation is a modality of renal replacement therapy that can be associated with economic benefits even when considering long-term post-transplantation care.

Factors influencing high-quality chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation scenario, according to 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Recent American Heart Association guidelines from 2010 and 2015 stressed the importance of high-quality chest compression and defined standards for compression rate, depth, recoil, and maximal acceptable time for interruptions. High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the "cornerstone" of a system of care that can optimise outcomes beyond the return of spontaneous circulation. METHODS: One hundred medical students were enrolled to the study. Study participants, after attending a Basic Life Support Course according to American Heart Association 2015 guidelines, performed 2-min CPR on a Resusci Anne® QCPR Mani-kin. The following data were collected: age, sex, and health status. The study made use of a Tanita MC-980 MA for body composition analysis. RESULTS: Mean height of participants was 170.2 ± 8.3 cm, and mean weight was 65 ± 11.8 kg. Mean body mass index was 22.1 ± 2.7, and mean fat-free mass (FFM) was 50.1 ± 10.5 kg. The mean fat mass (FAT%) was 22.9 ± 7.6. Basal metabolic rate, FFM, trunk muscle mass, left arm muscle mass, and right arm muscle mass were positively correlated with compression depth (all p for trend < 0.05). Mean compression depth was 49.7 ± 8.4 (for female 48.7 ± 7.9 mm, for male 42.4 ± 9.5 mm; p = 0.144). Compression rate for males and females was the same, at 114 ×/min (p = 0.769). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, basal metabolic rate, FFM, trunk muscle mass, and left and right arm muscle mass were positively correlated with compression depth. Moreover, an arm muscle mass rise of 1 kg caused a rise of compression depth param-eter of 7.3 mm, while when chest compression was performed by females, a fall of compression depth of 3.3 mm was seen.

Comparison of 3 Times a Week 4- and 5-Hour In-Center Hemodialysis Sessions with Use of Continuous Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring.

BACKGROUND Very aggressive ultrafiltration rate (lasting 3.5-4 h) may result in inadequate hemodialysis (HD). Our aim was to characterize HD-induced cardiovascular adaptation and its links to fluid removal during 4- vs. 5-h HD sessions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 50 HD patients. A Cardioscreen device (Messtechnik, Ilmenau, Germany) was used to perform non-invasive hemodynamic measurements during mid-week HD sessions. Body fluids and nutritional status were assessed with a Body Composition Monitor (Fresenius Medical Care). Clinical and laboratory data were also analyzed. RESULTS It was shown that when comparing 3 times a week 4- vs. 5-h dialysis sessions, body mass index (BMI [kg/m²]), Kt/V, and ultrafiltration volume (UFV [mL]) were significantly lower in the 4-h dialysis group (23.1±3.5 vs. 27.1±4.7; 1.36±0.28 vs. 1.55±0.23; 1770±601 vs. 2831±836; P<0.05, respectively). Cardiac index (CI [L/min/m²]) and thoracic fluid content (TFC [1/kW]) were significantly reduced in 4-h dialysis sessions (3.1±0.6 to 2.7±0.7; 35.1±8.4 to 32.8±6.8; P<0.05, respectively). In patients treated with 5-h dialysis sessions, we found that heart rate (HR [bpm]) was significantly increased (69±10 to 74±15; P<0.05) and TFC was reduced (34.3±8.9 to 31.5±8.2; P<0.05). In patients treated with 4-h dialysis sessions, systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI [dyn·s·cm^-5/m²]) increased from 2369±799 before HD to 2592±735 after HD (P=0.342). CONCLUSIONS The obtained data indicate that in extended (5-h) HD sessions, hemodynamic compensation occurred with increased HR, while in short (4-h) HD sessions, compensation occurred with increased SVRI. Providing longer but less intensive HD is more physiologic than the conventional therapy, and will improve patient tolerability and clinical outcomes.

Assessment of Volumetric Hemodynamic Parameters and Body Composition in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been associated with decreased graft survival and increased complications in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). The objectives of this study were to explore the relationship between body composition and hemodynamic parameters (cardiac index [CI] and systemic vascular resistance index [SVRI]) in RTRs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 80 RTRs (mean age: 51±8 yrs) who had been admitted to our Nephrology and Transplantology Clinic at 0.5 to 28 years after KTx. The control groups consisted of the 40 patients receiving hemodialysis and 20 health-care professionals. A Cardioscreen 1000 monitor (Messtechnik, Ilmenau, Germany) was used to perform non-invasive hemodynamic measurements. Body composition was studied using a Tanita BC 418 body composition analyzer (Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Clinical and laboratory data were also analyzed. RESULTS One-way ANOVA confirmed statistically significant differences between RTRs, HD patients, and the control group in CI (2.8±0.3 vs. 3.1±0.7 vs. 3.5±0.6 L/min/m2, P<0.001, respectively) and SVRI (2619±492 vs. 2307±701 vs. 2012±452 d·s/cm-5/m², P<0.001, respectively). In RTRs with functioning AVF, our study revealed significantly higher CI (2.9±0.3 vs. 2.7±0.4 L/min/m², P=0.004) and significantly lower SVRI (2497±286 vs. 2729±605 d·s/cm-5/m², P=0.035). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data indicate that cardiovascular manifestations in the RTRs group are mainly related to decreased CI and HR in addition to increased SVRI with high arterial blood pressure.

Contribution of volume overload to the arterial stiffness of hemodialysis patients.

Arterial stiffness is evaluated with the measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV), while overhydration (OH) and nutritional status are evaluated with bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). In this study, we investigated the effect of a single dialysis session on arterial stiffness, hydration status, and laboratory parameters. The observational, cross-sectional, cohort study included 71 HD patients with mean age 64 ± 16 yrs. A Complior device was used to perform PWV measurements. The patients were examined immediately before and 15 min after a mid-week hemodialysis session. Body fluids and nutritional status were studied using a Body Composition Monitor (BCM), Fresenius Medical Care. Clinical and laboratory data were also analyzed. Multivariate regression analysis of PWV before HD showed that an OH increase of 1 L relate to a PWV parameter rise before HD of 0.523 m/s. Multivariate regression analysis of PWV after HD showed that a rise of central SBP after HD of 10 mmHg relate to a PWV increase after HD of 0.707 m/s. Our data indicate that hydration status and blood pressure may be major determinants of PWV in HD patients.

CPR using the lifeline ARM mechanical chest compression device: a randomized, crossover, manikin trial.

INTRODUCTION: European Resuscitation Council as well as American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) stress the importance of uninterrupted and effective chest compressions (CCs). Manual CPR decreases in quality of CCs over time because of fatigue which impacts outcome. We report the first study with the Lifeline ARM automated CC device for providing uninterrupted CCs. METHODS: Seventy-eight paramedics participated in this randomized, crossover, manikin trial. We compared the fraction of effective CCs between manual CPR and automated CPR using the ARM. RESULTS: Using the ARM during resuscitation resulted in a higher percentage of effective CCs (100/min [interquartile range, 99-100]) compared with manual CCs (43/min [interquartile range, 39-46]; P<.001). The number of effective CCs decreased less over time with the ARM (P<.001), more often reached the required depth of 5 cm (97% vs 63%, P<.001), and more often reached the recommended CC rate (P<.001). The median tidal volume was higher and hands-off time was lower when using the ARM. CONCLUSION: Mechanical CCs in our study adhere more closely to current guidelines than manual CCs. The Lifeline ARM provides more effective CCs, more ventilation time and minute volume, less hands-off time, and less decrease in effective CCs over time compared with manual Basic Life Support and might therefore impact outcome.

Airtraq Laryngoscope Versus the Conventional Macintosh Laryngoscope During Pediatric Intubation Performed by Nurses: A Randomized Crossover Manikin Study With Three Airway Scenarios.

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that the Airtraq laryngoscope (Airtraq LLC, Bonita Springs, Fla) is beneficial for intubation of pediatric manikins while performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the Macintosh (MAC) laryngoscope (HEINE Optotechnik, Munich, Germany) and Airtraq in 3 simulated CPR scenarios. METHODS: A randomized crossover simulation trial was designed. Eighty-three nurses intubated the trachea of a PediaSIM CPR training manikin (FCAE HealthCare, Sarasota, Fla) using the MAC and Airtraq in a normal airway scenario, normal airway with chest compression scenario, and difficult airway with chest compression scenario. The participants were directed to perform a maximum of 3 attempts in each scenario. The success rate, time to intubation, Cormack & Lehane grade, dental compression, and the ease of intubation were measured. RESULTS: All participants performed successful intubation with the Airtraq in all 3 scenarios. In all scenarios, the success rate was significantly higher and the time to intubation was significantly shorter with the Airtraq than with the MAC. Glottic visualization using the Cormack-Lehane scale was also better when using Airtraq in all scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: In this manikin study, we found that the Airtraq can be used successfully for the intubation of pediatric manikins with normal and difficult airways by medical staff without previous experience in pediatric intubation. Moreover, intubation can be achieved without interrupting chest compression. The use of the Airtraq compared with the MAC led to faster time to intubation. Nevertheless, we recommend that the performance of the Airtraq and the MAC during CPR should be further evaluated in a clinical setting.

Ability of paramedics to perform endotracheal intubation during continuous chest compressions: a randomized cadaver study comparing Pentax AWS and Macintosh laryngoscopes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the trial was to compare the time parameters for intubation with the use of the Macintosh (MAC) laryngoscope and Pentax AWS-S100 videolaryngoscope (AWS; Pentax Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) with and without chest compression (CC) by paramedics during simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a cadaver model. METHODS: This was a randomized crossover cadaver trial. Thirty-five paramedics with no experience in videolaryngoscopy participated in the study. They performed intubation in two emergency scenarios: scenario A, normal airway without CC; scenario B, normal airway with continuous CC. RESULTS: The median time to first ventilation with the use of the AWS and the MAC was similar in scenario A: 25 (IQR, 22-27) seconds vs. 24 (IQR, 22.5-26) seconds (P=.072). A statistically significant difference in TTFV between AWS and MAC was noticed in scenario B (P=.011). In scenario A, the first endotracheal intubation (ETI) attempt success rate was achieved in 97.1% with AWS compared with 94.3% with MAC (P=.43). In scenario B, the success rate after the first ETI attempt with the use of the different intubation methods varied and amounted to 88.6% vs. 77.1% for AWS and MAC, respectively (P=.002). CONCLUSIONS: The Pentax AWS offered a superior glottic view as compared with the MAC laryngoscope, which was associated with a higher intubation rate and a shorter intubation time during an uninterrupted CC scenario. However, in the scenario without CC, the results for AWS and MAC were comparable.

Does the use of a chest compression system in children improve the effectiveness of chest compressions? A randomised crossover simulation pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Providing high-quality chest compressions is a key element affecting the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of standard (manual) chest compressions (Standard BLS, standard basic life support) and those performed with the use of the Lifeline ARM chest compression system (ARM; Defibtech). METHODS: The study was designed as a randomised crossover study. In total, 37 nurses participated in the study. They performed a randomized 2-min asynchronous resuscitation using the Standard BLS method or the ARM system. The following parameters were measured: the total number of chest compressions, the frequency of compressions (min-1), compression depth (mm), and the percentage of correctly performed chest compressions and total chest decompressions. The authors also analysed the participants' preferences concerning the use of particular CPR techniques in the clinical setting. RESULTS: The results obtained during the simulation study with the application of the ARM system were statistically significantly better than those with the Standard BLS method (p < 0.05) in the case of all analysed parameters. CONCLUSIONS: During the simulated child resuscitation performed by the nurses, the application of the Lifeline ARM chest compression system significantly improved the effectiveness of chest compressions.