Treatment Responses in Histologic Versus Molecular Diagnoses of Lung Rejection.

Histologic evaluation of allograft biopsies after lung transplantation has several limitations, suggesting that molecular assessment using tissue transcriptomics could improve biopsy interpretation. This single-center, retrospective cohort study evaluated discrepancies between the histology of transbronchial biopsies (TBBs) with no rejection (NR) and T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) by molecular diagnosis. The accuracy of diagnosis was assessed based on response to treatment. 54 TBBs from Prague Lung Transplant Program obtained between December 2015 and January 2020 were included. Patients with acute cellular rejection (ACR) grade ≥ 1 by histology received anti-rejection treatment. Response to therapy was defined as an increase in FEV1 of ≥ 10% 4 weeks post-biopsy compared to the pre-biopsy value. Among the 54 analyzed TBBs, 25 (46%) were concordant with histology, while 29 (54%) showed discrepancies. ACR grade 0 was found in 12 TBBs (22%) and grade A1 ≥ 1 in 42 TBBs (78%). Treatment response was present in 14% in the NR group and in 50% in the TCMR group (p = 0.024). Our findings suggest that low-grade acute cellular rejection is less likely to be associated with molecular TCMR, which might better identify lung transplant recipients who benefit from therapy.

[Complex evaluation in correction of mental disorders in patients with coronary artery disease].

Borderline mental disorders and affective disturbances of the actual mental status of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were studied; they were corrected with cognitive psychotherapy. The subjects of the study were 107 patients with a validated CAD diagnosis (FK I to III stenocardia) and chronic heart failure (CHF) syndrome, and 78 patients suffering from CAD without CHF. Mental disorders were diagnosed in accordance to International Classification of Diseases-10. Borderline mental disorders in CAD patients chiefly consisted in adaptation disorders (46.8%), dysthymia (16%), neurotic disorders (13.8%), and organic mental disorders (23.4%). The listed disorders in most cases occur as a result of stress, which, according to the study, is caused mainly by cardiac pathology; although these disorders are superficial and polymorphic, they play a significant role in the psychosomatic mechanism of the occurrence and deterioration of CAD. The occurrence of heart failure facilitates the growth of depressive affect in CAD patients (75.7% of CHF patients vs. 42.3% of patients without CHF), which is usually accompanied by anxiety disorder. Correction of psychological orientation and reduction of involvement in the problem, as well as disease education during a 3-week course led to more than a two-fold reduction in the level of depression and anxiety.

[The characteristics of the regulation of blood lipid peroxidation in acute pneumonia and acute pneumonia combined with diabetes mellitus]. / Osobennosti reguliatsii perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov krovi pri ostroi pnevmonii i pri ostroi pnevmonii v sochetanii s sakharnym diabetom.

The changes in the levels of diene conjugates, Schiff bases and malonic dialdehyde were followed up in red blood cells and plasma of 178 acute pneumonia (AP), diabetes mellitus (DM) and AP+DM patients. The findings for AP and AP+DM were compared to acute-phase indices of the inflammation and clinical pattern. The blood of the patients was endovascularly exposed to low-energy He-Ne laser irradiation. The resultant trends in LPO were recorded. It is concluded that by changes in the concentrations of diene conjugates, Schiff bases and malonic dialdehyde one can judge on the course of the above diseases and evaluate efficacy of on-going treatments, eg. He-Ne laser, antioxidants.

[Effect of endovascular laser irradiation of the blood of patients with diabetic angiopathies]. / Effekt éndovaskuliarnogo lazernogo oblucheniia krovi u bol'nykh diabeticheskimi angiopatiiami.

The activity of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation and antiperoxide protection enzymes was investigated in 33 patients with diabetes mellitus, complicated by lower limb angiopathies before and after endovascular laser irradiation of blood. Tissue microcirculation was evaluated on the basis of the results of capillaroscopy and thermography of the limbs, and biomicroscopy of the conjunctiva. Blood was irradiated with the help of a light guide for 60 min. Laser therapy led to a decrease in the activity of processes of free radical oxidation, acting probably on antiperoxide protection enzymes. Tissue microcirculation was markedly improved.

[The effect of parmidine on the lipid peroxidation processes in coronary atherosclerosis]. / Vliianie parmidina na protsessy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov pri koronarnom ateroskleroze.

During the formation and development of atherosclerosis the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant defence system significantly change. The use of parmidine decreases the contents of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation, reduces peroxide hemolysis of erythrocytes and increases the content of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes of patients with atherosclerosis. This shows that parmidine possessing the antioxidant properties stabilizes lipid peroxidation processes and normalizes the physiological antioxidant system.

[Effect of alpha-tocopherol on superoxide dismutase and glutathione lipoperoxidase activities of mouse liver cytosol and mitochondria]. / Vliianie al'fa-tokoferola na superoksiddismutaznuiu i glutationlipoperoksidaznuiu aktivnosti tsitozolia i mitokhondrii pecheni myshei.

The maximal radioactivity of mouse liver cytosol was observed 18 hours after intraperitoneal injection of 5-CH3-[3H] alpha-tocopherol emulsion with Tween 80. Intraperitoneal injections of Tween 80 (500 mg/kg) without alpha-tocopherol significantly decreased the glutathione lipoperoxidase and superoxide dismutase activities of liver cytosol. Vitamin E effect on the glutathione lipoperoxidase activity was weakly pronounced, while the superoxide dismutase activities of cytosol and liver mitochondria were markedly increased thereby. It was assumed that natural free radical scavengers can induce enzymatic utilization of superoxide radical anions, while synthetic free radical scavengers can trigger on enzymatic systems of lipoperoxide utilization.

[Enzymes of the detoxication of active forms of oxygen and lipoperoxides in experimental ischemia and myocardial infarct]. / Fermenty detoksikatsii aktivnykh form kisloroda i lipoperekissei pri éksperimental'noi ishemii i infarkte miokarda.

Variation in the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (tretbutyl hydroperoxide as a substrate) and glutathione-S-transferase (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as a substrate) was studied in rat ischemia and in coronaro-occlusion myocardial infarction. The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase drastically reduced 2-15 minutes after ligation of the coronary artery and remained at the decreased level during the observation period (14 days). The activity of glutathione-S-transferase in the infarcted zone of the myocardium significantly decreased only by day 3 of the experiment. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in the blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction rose more than 1.5-fold.