Influence of different recovery intervals on time under tension, total training volume, and fatigue index in horizontal bench press exercise in young male wrestling athletes.

BACKGROUND: The recovery interval (RI) seems to be a variable closely related to the training volume since it can determine the performance after this rest time. This study investigated the influence of different recovery intervals on time under tension (TUT), total training volume (TTV), and Fatigue Index (FI) in the horizontal bench press exercise. METHODS: Eighteen male wrestling athletes underwent three visits: 1st) performed the 10-repetition maximum (10RM) test; 2nd and 3rd) performed 5 sets of up to 10 repetitions with 1 minute (RI1) and 3 minutes (RI3) of passive RI with randomized entry. TUT, number of repetitions, TTV and FI data were collected or calculated. RESULTS: TUT was lower in sets 5 (P<0.001) for RI1 when compared to RI3, with no significant difference for the other 4 sets. The number of repetitions for RI1 was lower when compared to RI3 in sets 3 (P=0.018), 4 (P=0.023), and 5 (P<0.001), with no significant difference in sets 1 and 2. The FI was significantly higher for RI1 (P<0.001); however, TTV was significantly higher for RI3 (P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Different RI influenced the TUT and the number of repetitions along 5 sets in the horizontal bench press exercise. Moreover, these two variables showed different behavior when compared under the same condition (RI1 or RI3), especially after the third set. Using longer RI demonstrated a greater ability to maintain TTV and less negative effect of fatigue in young male wrestling athletes.

Effects of Pilates with and without elastic resistance on health variables in postmenopausal women with low back pain.

Aim: To compare the effects of Pilates with and without accessories on biochemical markers, pain intensity, functional disability and muscle strength in postmenopausal women with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Materials & methods: Twenty-two participants were randomized to a group of Pilates without (PG; n = 11) and with elastic resistance (PAG; n = 11) for 8 weeks, twice a week. We analyzed IGF-1, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), cortisol, creatine kinase, pain intensity, functional disability, abdominal and back strengths. Results: Both groups had lower pain intensity and functional disability and increased lumbar strength postinterventions. PAG exhibited an increase in IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio and reduction in creatine kinase compared with PG. Conclusion: Both interventions were effective in the treatment of low back pain. However, PAG presented better responses than PG. Clinical Trial Registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: ReBEC (RBR-9jwcykc), www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9jwcykc.

Pilates is a type of exercise that has been practiced, both in health promotion and rehabilitation, including low back pain (LBP) treatment. LBP prevails in women after menopause when compared with men. Thus, we submitted postmenopausal women with chronic LBP to two groups, one that practiced Pilates with elastic resistance and the other without these accessories. These elastic bands of progressive tension increase the effort of the exercise performed. We analyzed biochemical markers, pain intensity, functional disability and muscle strength. After 8 weeks, both groups had lower pain intensity and functional disability and increased lumbar strength. Furthermore, the group that used elastic resistance during the training showed increase in IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio and reduction in creatine kinase compared with the other group.

Perfil do estilo de vida de universitários de Educação Física da cidade do Rio de Janeiro / Lifestyle profile of Physical Education students in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Diversos hábitos adquiridos durante os anos cursados nas universidades permanecem incorporados ao cotidiano dos estudantes, mesmo após a conclusão do curso. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar fatores específicos relacionados ao estilo de vida e à qualidade de vida em universitários do curso de Educação Física da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa com alunos do primeiro ao último período acadêmico com matrícula ativa no curso de graduação em Educação Física (Licenciatura e Bacharelado) da UERJ, com ingresso por meio do vestibular. Foi aplicado um questionário adaptado do Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual, contendo oito componentes: alimentação, atividade física, autoimagem, relacionamentos, controle do estresse, finanças, comportamento preventivo e sono restaurador. Utilizou-se o teste de Spearman para analisar a associação entre os domínios do questionário (p < 0,05). A amostra foi composta por 103 estudantes (idade: 22,16 ± 3,85 anos), 66,02% do sexo masculino e 33,98% do sexo feminino. A análise dos componentes revelou uma tendência de os jovens universitários apresentarem, ao iniciar a fase adulta, dificuldade em manter níveis ideais de sono restaurador (3,19 ± 2,02) e finanças (4,14 ± 2,15). O componente relacionamentos (7,49 ± 1,61) apresentou os melhores níveis. Pode-se concluir que os estudantes de Educação Física pesquisados nem sempre conseguem seguir as recomendações que eles mesmos irão disseminar para clientes e alunos. Esse distanciamento entre o discurso e a prática se manifestou em diferentes graus, configurando diversos níveis de inadequações às práticas concernentes à saúde. Assim sendo, os conhecimentos acerca da importância dos hábitos de saúde nem sempre se manifestaram no comportamento alimentar, na atividade física, no sono e demais componentes atrelados à qualidade de vida e ao estilo de vida da amostra do presente estudo....(AU)

Several habits acquired during routed years in universities remain embedded in the daily lives of students, even after completing the course. The aim of this study is to evaluate specific factors related to lifestyle and quality of life in undergraduates of the Physical Education course at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach with students from the first to the last academic period with active enrollment in the undergraduate degree in Physical Education (Licentiate and Bachelor's degree) of UERJ, with admission through the entrance exam. We applied a questionnaire, adapted from the Individual Lifestyle Profile, containing eight components: nutrition, physical activity, self-image, relationships, stress management, finance, preventive behavior and restorative sleep. We used the Spearman test to analyze the association between the domains of the questionnaire (p < 0.05). The sample consisted of 103 students (age: 22.16 ± 3.85 years), 66.02% male and 33.98% female. The analysis of the components revealed a tendency for university students present, at the beginning of adulthood, difficulty in maintaining optimal levels of restorative sleep (3.19 ± 2.02) and finance (4.14 ± 2.15). The component relationships (7.49 ± 1.61) showed the best levels. It can be concluded that the students of Physical Education researched do not always follow the recommendations that they themselves will disseminate to clients and students. This distance between discourse and practice has manifested itself in different degrees, setting different levels of inadequacies in health practices. Therefore, knowledge about the importance of health habits was not always manifested in the eating behavior, physical activity, sleep and other components related to the quality of life and lifestyle in the sample of the present study....(AU)

The effect of muscle actions on the level of connective tissue damage.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of concentric with eccentric muscle actions on the resulting level of damage to connective tissues by urinary concentration of hydroxyproline. Twenty-one male volunteers were divided into control group (CG), experimental concentric group (ECG), and experimental eccentric group (EEG). The measures of hydroxyproline were performed at three times: pretest, fourth week, and posttest. Biceps curl and chest press exercises also were performed with three sets of 10 repetitions two times per week for both experimental groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between pretest of the CG and pretest of the ECG (p = 0.002), and between pretest and posttest for the EEG (p = 0.029). Therefore, this study concluded that the level of damage to the connective tissue is greater when exercises involving eccentric muscle actions are performed. The continuity of training, however might reduce this damage.

Efeitos da autonomia funcional de idosos sobre a fadiga muscular / Effect of elderly functional autonomy on muscular fatigue

Este estudo investigou o efeito da autonomia funcional de idosos na fadiga muscular, avaliada através da eletromiografia de superfície. Os participantes foram voluntários, participantes do programa de atividade física e foram avaliados durante a participação no Protocolo GDLAM, desenvolvido para avaliar a autonomia de idosos. O teste de fadiga teve a duração de 60 s e consistiu em manter o sujeito em posição de agachamento isométrico com joelho flexionado a 140° e tronco levemente inclinado anteriormente. Para estimativa do espectro de potência e cálculo da freqüência mediana (FM), foi utilizada uma Transformada de Fourier (FFT) dos sinais de ambos os músculos, antes e depois do protocolo GDLAM em três segmentos do sinal do teste de fadiga. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas ao comparar os testes antes e depois, tanto para o vasto lateral (VL) quanto para os ísquio-surais (IS), independentemente do segmento avaliado (p > 0,05). Nem todos os indivíduos apresentaram fadiga antes e/ou depois. Para os que apresentaram fadiga em ambos os testes, houve uma tendência de maior fadiga no VL antes que após. Esta tendência não foi observada nos IS, uma vez que quatro indivíduos apresentaram maior taxa de queda na FM antes, quatro depois e um não apresentou fadiga em nenhum dos dois.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of functional autonomy of elderly subjects on muscle fatigue, evaluated through surface electromyography (SEMG). The subjects were volunteers of the program of physical activity. They were regularly participants of a physical activity program, and were measured when practicing the Protocol GDLAM, which was design to assess elderly autonomy. The duration of the fatigue test was 60s and the subject was maintained in an isometric position with the knee at 140° and trunk slightly inclined. In order to estimate the SEMG power spectra and to calculate the Median Frequency (FM), the Fast Fourier Transform was used for the tests before and after the GDLAM protocol in three segments of the fatigue symptoms. No significant difference was found when comparing the tests before and after, for the vast lateral (VL) and for the hamstrings, regardless the segment investigated (p > 0.05). Some of the subjects did not have fatigue before and/or after the GDLAM. For those who showed fatigue in both tests, there was more fatigue in the VL before than after. This tendency was not observed in the hamstrings, since four subjects showed higher rate of falls before the FM, four after and one did not have fatigue.

Evaluación de la autonomía funcional de ancianos con EPOC mediante el protocolo GDLAM / Evaluation of functional autonomy in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through the protocol of the latin-american development group for the elderly

El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la autonomía funcional de ancianos con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Se utilizó el protocolo de evaluación de autonomía funcional creado por el Grupo de Desarrollo Latinoamericano para la Tercera Edad (GDLAM), formado por 4 pruebas: caminar 10 m, levantarse de la posición de sentado, levantarse de la posición de decúbito ventral y levantarse de la silla y moverse por la casa. Se estudió a 20 sujetos voluntarios (edad media ± desviación estándar de 69,2 ± 6,2 años), independientes en actividades básicas, con EPOC moderada a grave según criterios de la Global Initiative for Obstructive and Lung Disease. Los resultados obtenidos no mostraron correlación estadística significativa en el análisis de los datos aunque sí una leve tendencia hacia la relación entre pruebas funcionales respiratorias y capacidad funcional. Aunque el grupo estudiado era pequeño, este hallazgo permite intuir que la evaluación de la autonomía funcional con este instrumento es útil en pacientes con EPOC

The aim of the present study was to evaluate functional autonomy in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The protocol for evaluating functional autonomy developed by the Latin-American Development Group for the Elderly, which is composed of four tests, was used. These four tests consist of walking 10 meters, rising from a sitting position, rising from a ventral decubitus position and from a chair, and moving around the home. We studied 20 volunteers (mean age 69.2 years; SD 6.2) who were independent for basic activities of daily living and who had moderate or severe COPD according to the criteria of the Global Initiative for Obstructive and Lung Disease. The results obtained showed no statistically significant correlations in the data analysis, although a slight tendency towards an association between respiratory functional tests and functional capacity was found. Although the study group was small, this finding suggests that evaluation of functional autonomy with this protocol may be useful in patients with COPD

A influência do ciclo menstrual na flexibilidade em praticantes de ginástica de academia / The influence of the menstrual cycle on the flexibility in practitioners of gymnastics at fitness centers

Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar se existem diferenças no grau de flexibilidade nas fases do ciclo menstrual de mulheres adultas jovens praticantes de ginástica de academia. A amostra intencional foi composta de 20 mulheres, com idade de 18 a 35 anos (25,8 ± 6,06), com o ciclo menstrual regular (28 até 32 dias) e que não faziam uso de anticoncepcional oral. Dados referentes ao ciclo menstrual e atividade física habitual foram obtidos através da aplicação de um questionário. A flexibilidade foi aferida através da goniometria, utilizando-se oito movimentos, em três fases do ciclo menstrual. Os sujeitos foram submetidos a um teste hormonal, em que foram verificadas as taxas de estrona, estradiol e progesterona. O tratamento estatístico foi feito através de análise descritiva e inferencial (teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e ANOVA). Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que não houve diferença significativa (p < 0,05) no grau de flexibilidade do grupo estudado, durante as fases folicular, ovulatória e lútea do ciclo menstrual.

This study aims to verify if there are differences in the degree of flexibility in the phases of the menstrual cycle of adult young women who practice gymnastics at fitness centers. A sample of 20 adult women aged between 18 and 35 years (25.8 ± 6.06) was studied; they had regular menstrual cycle (28 up to 32 days) and were not taking oral contraceptives. Information concerning the menstrual cycle and routine physical activity was obtained through a questionnaire. The flexibility was evaluated through the goniometry, using eight movements, in three phases of the menstrual cycle. The subjects were submitted to a hormonal test, where the estrone, estradiol and progesterone levels were verified. The statistics treatment was conducted through descriptive and inferential analysis; Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test and ANOVA were used to verify hypothesis. The results demonstrated that no significant differences (p < 0.05) in the flexibility degree were observed during the follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle.

Este estudio ha tenido por objetivo investigar si existen diferencias en el grado de flexibilidad en las fases del ciclo menstrual de mujeres adultas jóvenes practicantes de gimnasia de academia. La muestra intencional fue compuesta de 20 mujeres, con edades entre 18 a 35 años (25,8 ± 6,06), con ciclo menstrual regular (28 a 32 días) y que no hacían uso de anticonceptivo oral. Datos referentes al ciclo menstrual y actividad física habitual fueron obtenidos a través de una encuesta. La flexibilidad fue medida a través de la goniometría, utilizándose ocho movimientos, en tres fases del ciclo menstrual. Los individuos fueron sometidos a un test hormonal, en donde se verificaron la tasa de estrona, estradiol y progesterona. El tratamiento estadístico fue hecho a través del análisis descriptivo y de inferencia (test de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y ANOVA). Los resultados encontrados mostraron que no hubo diferencia significativa (p < 0,05) en el grado de flexibilidad del grupo estudiado, durante las fases folicular, ovular y final del ciclo menstrual.