ABSTRACT
Li-O2 batteries (LOBs) have gained widespread recognition for their exceptional energy densities. However, a major challenge faced by LOBs is the lack of appropriate electrolytes that can effectively balance reactant transport, interfacial compatibility, and non-volatility. To address this issue, a novel supramolecular deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE) has been developed, based on synergistic interaction between Li-bonds and H-bonds through a combination of lithium salt (LiTFSI), acetamide (Ace) and boric acid (BA). The incorporation of BA serves as an interface modification additive, acting as both Li-bonds acceptor and H-bonds donor/acceptor, thereby enhancing the redox stability of the electrolyte, facilitating a solution phase discharge process and improving compatibility with the Li anode. Our proposed DEE demonstrates a high oxidation voltage of 4.5 V, an ultrahigh discharge capacity of 15225 mAh g-1 and stable cycling performance of 196 cycles in LOBs. Additionally, the intrinsic non-flammability and successful operation of a Li-O2 pouch cell indicate promising practical applications of this electrolyte. This research broadens the design possibilities for LOBs electrolytes and provides theoretical insights for future studies.
ABSTRACT
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent monotherapy usually demonstrates poor therapeutic outcomes, due to the accompanied activation of protective autophagy in tumor cells, which results in ROS tolerance and immune suppression. In this study, a bimetallic electro-sensitizer, Pt-Ir NPs is constructed, loaded with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (Pt-Ir-CQ NPs), to enhance the effectiveness of electrotherapy by inhibiting autophagy and activating anti-tumor immune responses. This novel electrotherapy platform demonstrates unique advantages, particularly in the treatment of hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumors. First, the electro-sensitizer catalyzes water molecules into ROS under electric field, achieving tumor ablation through electrotoxicity. Second, the incorporated CQ inhibits the protective autophagy induced by electrotherapy, restoring the sensitivity of tumor cells to ROS and thereby enhancing the anti-tumor effects of electrotherapy. Third, Pt-Ir-CQ NPs enhance the functionality of antigen-presenting cells and immunogenic cells through inhibiting autophagy, synergistically activating the anti-tumor immune responses along with the immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect induced by electrotherapy. This study provides a novel approach for the effective ablation and long-term inhibition of solid tumors through flexible modulation by an exogenous electric field.
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INTRODUCTION: The correlation between serum angiopoietin-2 levels and acute kidney injury (AKI) is a topic of significant clinical interest. This meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of this relationship. CONTENT: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases up to October 11, 2023. The included studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). Weighted mean differences (WMD) and odds ratios (OR) were calculated using random-effects models. Sensitivity analysis, funnel plots, and Egger's test were used to assess the robustness and publication bias of the findings. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential variations between adults and children. SUMMARY: Eighteen studies encompassing a total of 7,453 participants were included. The analysis revealed a significant elevation in serum angiopoietin-2 levels in patients with AKI compared to those without (WMD: 4.85; 95â¯% CI: 0.75 to 0.27; I²=93.2â¯%, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated significantly higher angiopoietin-2 levels in adults with AKI (WMD: 5.17; 95â¯% CI: 3.51 to 6.83; I²=82.6â¯%, p<0.001), but not in children. Additionally, high serum angiopoietin-2 levels were associated with an increased risk of AKI (OR: 1.58; 95â¯% CI: 1.39 to 1.8; I²=89.1â¯%, p<0.001). Sensitivity analysis validated the robustness of these results, showing no substantial change in the overall effect size upon the exclusion of individual studies. OUTLOOK: This meta-analysis supports a significant association between elevated serum angiopoietin-2 levels and increased risk of AKI. The observed differential association between adults and children highlights the need for further targeted research to understand these age-specific variations.
ABSTRACT
The low oxidation level and immunosuppressive microenvironment within hypoxic tumor tissue are critical factors contributing to the inefficacy of various anti-tumor strategies. Herein, we have designed a novel intravenous injection nanoplatform to conduct electro-immunotherapy, based on phospholipid-modified PtPd nanocrystals loaded with the immunoregulator IPI549 (LP@Pt-Pd@IPI549 nanoparticles, LPPI). LPPI responds to reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering a cascade of therapeutic effects that overcome hypoxia-related resistance and effectively eradicate hypoxic tumors. Firstly, under electric field exposure, LPPI relied on water rather than oxygen to generate abundant ROS under hypoxic conditions for tumor electrodynamic therapy (EDT). Moreover, the generated ROS further induced the disintegration of the outer phospholipid membrane of LPPI, leading to the release of the immunoregulator and inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), triggering cascade immune responses. Additionally, the immunomodulatory effects of IPI549, in synergy with the immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by EDT, reversed the immunosuppressive microenvironment contributing to tumor resistance. In summary, EDT transiently killed tumor cells while simultaneously generating antigen release, instigating an adaptive immune response for electro-immunotherapy, resulting in a potent and long-lasting tumor inhibition effect.
Subject(s)
Immunotherapy , Reactive Oxygen Species , Animals , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Immunotherapy/methods , Cell Line, Tumor , Humans , Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects , Nanoparticles/administration & dosage , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Platinum/chemistry , Mice , Female , Neoplasms/therapy , Neoplasms/immunology , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Palladium/chemistry , Palladium/administration & dosage , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/drug effects , Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology , Phospholipids/chemistry , Phospholipids/administration & dosage , Metal Nanoparticles/administration & dosage , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistryABSTRACT
Composite polymer solid electrolytes (CPEs), possessing good rigid flexible, are expected to be used in solid-state lithium-metal batteries. The integration of fillers into polymer matrices emerges as a dominant strategy to improve Li+ transport and form a Li+-conducting electrode-electrolyte interface. However, challenges arise as traditional fillers: 1) inorganic fillers, characterized by high interfacial energy, induce agglomeration; 2) organic fillers, with elevated crystallinity, impede intrinsic ionic conductivity, both severely hindering Li+ migration. Here, a concept of super-ionic conductor soft filler, utilizing a Li+ conductivity nanocellulose (Li-NC) as a model, is introduced which exhibits super-ionic conductivity. Li-NC anchors anions, and enhances Li+ transport speed, and assists in the integration of cathode-electrolyte electrodes for room temperature solid-state batteries. The tough dual-channel Li+ transport electrolyte (TDCT) with Li-NC and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) demonstrates a high Li+ transfer number (0.79) due to the synergistic coordination mechanism in Li+ transport. Integrated electrodes' design enables stable performance in LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2|Li cells, with 720 cycles at 0.5 C, and 88.8% capacity retention. Furthermore, the lifespan of Li|TDCT|Li cells over 4000 h and Li-rich Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2|Li cells exhibits excellent performance, proving the practical application potential of soft filler for high energy density solid-state lithium-metal batteries at room temperature.
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Challenges such as shuttle effect have hindered the commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), despite their potential as high-energy-density storage devices. To address these issues, we explore the integration of solar energy into LSBs, creating a photo-assisted lithium-sulfur battery (PA-LSB). The PA-LSB provides a novel and sustainable solution by coupling the photocatalytic effect to accelerate sulfur redox reactions. Herein, a perovskite quantum dot-loaded MOF material serves as a cathode for the PA-LSB, creating built-in electric fields at the micro-interface to extend the lifetime of photo-generated charge carriers. The band structure of the composite material aligns well with the electrochemical reaction potential of lithium-sulfur, enabling precise regulation of polysulfides in the cathode of the PA-LSB system. This is attributed to the selective catalysis of the liquid-solid reaction stage in the lithium-sulfur electrochemical process by photocatalysis. These contribute to the outstanding performance of PA-LSBs, particularly demonstrating a remarkably high reversible capacity of 679â mAh g-1 at 5â C, maintaining stable cycling for 1500â cycles with the capacity decay rate of 0.022 % per cycle. Additionally, the photo-charging capability of the PA-LSB holds the potential to compensate for non-electric energy losses during the energy storage process, contributing to the development of lossless energy storage devices.
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Aqueous Zn2+-ion batteries (AZIBs), recognized for their high security, reliability, and cost efficiency, have garnered considerable attention. However, the prevalent issues of dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the Zn electrode interface significantly impede their practical application. In this study, we introduced a ubiquitous biomolecule of phenylalanine (Phe) into the electrolyte as a multifunctional additive to improve the reversibility of the Zn anode. Leveraging its exceptional nucleophilic characteristics, Phe molecules tend to coordinate with Zn2+ ions for optimizing the solvation environment. Simultaneously, the distinctive lipophilicity of aromatic amino acids empowers Phe with a higher adsorption energy, enabling the construction of a multifunctional protective interphase. The hydrophobic benzene ring ligands act as cleaners for repelling H2O molecules, while the hydrophilic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups attract Zn2+ ions for homogenizing Zn2+ flux. Moreover, the preferential reduction of Phe molecules prior to H2O facilitates the in situ formation of an organic-inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase, enhancing the interfacial stability of the Zn anode. Consequently, Zn||Zn cells display improved reversibility, achieving an extended cycle life of 5250 h. Additionally, Zn||LMO full cells exhibit enhanced cyclability of retaining 77.3% capacity after 300 cycles, demonstrating substantial potential in advancing the commercialization of AZIBs.
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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Sanmiao wan (SMW), a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been employed to treat gouty diseases in clinic as early as Yuan dynasty. It shows remarkably therapeutic effects in acute gouty arthritis (GA). However, the potential mechanisms of SMW are still not fully revealed. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of this project is to evaluate the pharmacological effects and possible mechanisms of SMW in a rat model of acute GA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monosodium urate (MSU) suspension was injected into the ankle joint of rats to establish acute GA model. The inflammation was evaluated by measuring the posterior ankle diameter. The pathological status of synovial tissue was assessed by hematoxylin eosin (HE), Masson, and picrosirius red staining. The level of IL-6 was measured using ELISA kit. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CR), UA (uric acid), and xanthine oxidase (XOD) in the serum were measured using standard diagnostic kits. The percentage of Th17 cells in blood samples was performed using flow cytometry. Moreover, RT-qPCR was performed to examine the mRNA level of RANK, RORγt, RANKL, and STAT3 in the synovial tissue. Furthermore, immunofluorescence was carried out to assess the expression of STAT3 in the synovial tissue. RESULTS: SMW effectively alleviated the inflammation and improved the pathological status of the ankle joint in rats with acute GA. It significantly suppressed the release of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6). Meanwhile, the levels of UA, BUN, and CR were markedly reduced after SMW treatment. A remarkable reduction of XOD activity was observed in the study. Importantly, SMW treatment significantly reduced the frequency of Th17 cells, decreased the mRNA levels of RANK, RORγt, RANKL, and STAT3 in the synovial tissue. Furthermore, the suppression of STAT3 was also demonstrated using immunofluorescence in SMW-treated group. CONCLUSION: SMW showed significant anti-inflammatory and hypouricemic effects in a rat model of GA. It is an effective TCM formula for GA therapy.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Gouty , Rats , Animals , Arthritis, Gouty/metabolism , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 , Interleukin-6 , Inflammation/drug therapy , Uric Acid , RNA, MessengerABSTRACT
The Zn//V2 O5 system not only faces the incontrollable growth of zinc (Zn) dendrites, but also withstands the cross-talk effect of by-products produced from the cathode side to the Zn anode, inducing interelectrode talk and aggravating battery failure. To tackle these issues, we construct a rapid Zn2+ -conducting hydrogel electrolyte (R-ZSO) to achieve Zn deposition modulation and side reaction inhibition in Zn//V2 O5 full cells. The polymer matrix and BN exhibit a robust anchoring effect on SO4 2- , accelerating Zn2+ migration and enabling dense Zn deposition behavior. Therefore, the Zn//Zn symmetric cells based on the R-ZSO electrolyte can operate stably for more than 1500â h, which is six times higher than that of cells employing the blank electrolyte. More importantly, the R-ZSO hydrogel electrolyte effectively decouples the cross-talk effects, thus breaking the infinite loop of side reactions. As a result, the Zn//V2 O5 cells using this modified hydrogel electrolyte demonstrate stable operation over 1,000â cycles, with a capacity loss rate of only 0.028 % per cycle. Our study provides a promising gel chemistry, which offers a valuable guide for the construction of high-performance and multifunctional aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
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Garnet solid electrolyte Li6.4 La3 Zr1.4 Ta0.6 O12 (LLZTO) is an excellent inorganic ceramic-type solid electrolyte; however, the presence of Li2 CO3 impurities on its surface hinders Li-ion transport and increases the interface impedance. In contrast to traditional methods of mechanical polishing, acid corrosion, and high-temperature reduction for removing Li2 CO3 , herein, a straightforward "waste-to-treasure" strategy is proposed to transform Li2 CO3 into Li3 PO4 and LiF in LiPF6 solution under 60 °C. It is found that the formation of Li3 PO4 during LLZTO pretreatment facilitates rapid Li-ion transport and enhances ionic conductivity, and the LLZTO/PAN composite polymer electrolyte shows the highest Li-ion transference number of 0.63. Additionally, the dense LiF layer serves to safeguard the internal garnet solid electrolyte against solvent decomposition-induced chemical adsorption. Symmetric Li/Li cells assembled with treated LLZTO/PAN composite electrolyte exhibit a critical current density of 1.1 mA cm-2 and a long lifespan of up to 700 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm-2 . The Li/LiFePO4 solid-state cells demonstrate stable cycling performances for 141 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C, with capacity retention of 93.6% after 190 cycles. This work presents a novel approach to converting waste into valuable resources, offering the advantages of simple processes, and minimal side reactions.
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The solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) plays a critical role in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its important influence on electrochemical performance, such as cycle stability, coulombic efficiency, etc. Although LiOH has been recognized as a key component of the SEI, its influence on the SEI and electrochemical performance has not been well clarified due to the difficulty in precisely controlling the LiOH content and characterize the detailed interface reactions. Here, a gradual change of LiOH content is realized by different reduction schemes among Co(OH)2, CoOOH and CoO. With reduced Co nanoparticles as magnetic "probes", SEI characterization is achieved by operando magnetometry. By combining comprehensive characterization and theoretical calculations, it is verified that LiOH leads to a composition transformation from lithium ethylene di-carbonate (LEDC) to lithium ethylene mono-carbonate (LEMC) in the SEI and ultimately results in capacity decay. This work unfolds the detailed SEI reaction scenario involving LiOH, provides new insights into the influence of SEI composition, and has value for the co-development between the electrode materials and electrolyte.
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Objective: To conduct anatomical study on the iliac crest chimeric tissue flap and summarize its effectiveness of clinical application in repairing limb wounds. Methods: Latex perfusion and anatomical study were performed on 6 fresh adult cadaver specimens with 12 sides, to observe the initial location, distribution, quantity, and direction of the common circumflexa iliac artery, the deep circumflexa iliac artery, and the superficial circumflexa iliac artery, and to measure their initial external diameter. Between December 2020 and September 2022, the iliac crest chimeric tissue flap repair was performed on 5 patients with soft tissue of limbs and bone defects. There were 3 males and 2 females, with an average age of 46 years (range, 23-60 years). Among them, there were 3 cases of radii and skin soft tissue defects and 2 cases of tibia and skin soft tissue defects. The length of bone defects was 4-8 cm and the area of skin soft tissue defects ranged from 9 cm×5 cm to 15 cm×6 cm. The length of the iliac flap was 4-8 cm and the area of skin flap ranged from 12.0 cm×5.5 cm to 16.0 cm×8.0 cm. The donor sites were directly sutured. Results: Anatomical studies showed that there were 10 common circumflex iliac arteries in 5 specimens, which originated from the lateral or posterolateral side of the transition between the external iliac artery and the femoral artery, with a length of 1.2-1.6 cm and an initial external diameter of 0.8-1.4 mm. In 1 specimen without common circumflexa iliac artery, the superficial and deep circumflex iliac arteries originated from the external iliac artery and the femoral artery, respectively, while the rest originated from the common circumflex iliac artery. The length of superficial circumflex iliac artery was 4.6-6.7 cm, and the initial external diameter was 0.4-0.8 mm. There were 3-6 perforator vessels along the way. The length of deep circumflex iliac artery was 7.8-9.2 cm, and the initial external diameter was 0.5-0.7 mm. There were 3-5 muscular branches, 4-6 periosteal branches, and 2-3 musculocutaneous branches along the way. Based on the anatomical observation results, all iliac crest chimeric tissue flaps were successfully resected and survived after operation. The wounds at recipient and donor sites healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 8-24 months, with an average of 12 months. The tissue flap has good appearance and soft texture. X-ray film reexamination showed that all the osteotomy healed, and no obvious bone resorption was observed during follow-up. Conclusion: The common circumflex iliac artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, and superficial circumflex iliac artery were anatomically constant, and it was safe and reliable to use iliac crest chimeric tissue flap in repairing the soft tissue and bone defects of limbs.
Subject(s)
Perforator Flap , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Soft Tissue Injuries , Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Ilium/surgery , Perforator Flap/blood supply , Skin Transplantation/methods , Lower Extremity/surgery , Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The high-temperature strain gauge is a sensor for strain measurement in high-temperature environments. The measurement results often have a certain divergence, so the uncertainty of the high-temperature strain gauge system is analyzed theoretically. Firstly, in the conducted research, a deterministic finite element analysis of the temperature field of the strain gauge is carried out using MATLAB software. Then, the primary sub-model method is used to model the system; an equivalent thermal load and force are loaded onto the model. The thermal response of the grid wire is calculated by the finite element method (FEM). Thermal-mechanical coupling analysis is carried out by ANSYS, and the MATLAB program is verified. Finally, the stochastic finite element method (SFEM) combined with the Monte Carlo method (MCM) is used to analyze the effects of the physical parameters, geometric parameters, and load uncertainties on the thermal response of the grid wire. The results show that the difference of temperature and strain calculated by ANSYS and MATLAB is 1.34% and 0.64%, respectively. The calculation program is accurate and effective. The primary sub-model method is suitable for the finite element modeling of strain gauge systems, and the number of elements is reduced effectively. The stochastic uncertainty analysis of the thermal response on the grid wire of a high-temperature strain gauge provides a theoretical basis for the dispersion of the measurement results of the strain gauge.
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Aqueous Zn2+ ion batteries present notable advantages, including high abundance, low toxicity, and intrinsic nonflammability. However, they exhibit severe irreversibility due to uncontrolled dendrite growth and corrosion reactions, which limit their practical applications. Inspired by their distinct molecular recognition characteristics, supramolecular crown ethers featuring interior cavity sizes identical to the diameter of Zn2+ ions were screened as macrocyclic hosts to optimize the Zn2+ coordination environment, facilitating the suppression of the reactivity of H2O molecules and inducing the in-situ formation of organic-inorganic hybrid dual-protective interphase. The in-situ assembled interphase confers the system with an "ion-sieving" effect to repel H2O molecules and facilitate rapid Zn2+ transport, enabling the suppression of side reactions and uniform deposition of Zn2+ ions. Consequently, we were able to achieve dendrite-free Zn2+ plating/stripping at 98.4% Coulombic efficiency for approximately 300 cycles in Zn||Cu cell, steady charge-discharge for 1360 h in Zn||Zn symmetric cell, and improved cyclability of 70% retention for 200 cycles in Zn||LMO full cell, outlining a promising strategy to challenge lithium-ion batteries in low-cost, and large-scale applications.
ABSTRACT
Dendrite formation severely compromises further development of zinc ion batteries. Increasing the nucleation overpotential plays a crucial role in achieving uniform deposition of metal ions. However, this strategy has not yet attracted enough attention from researchers to our knowledge. Here, we propose that thermodynamic nucleation overpotential of Zn deposition can be boosted through complexing agent and select sodium L-tartrate (Na-L) as example. Theoretical and experimental characterization reveals L-tartrate anion can partially replace H2O in the solvation sheath of Zn2+, increasing de-solvation energy. Concurrently, the Na+ could absorb on the surface of Zn anode preferentially to inhibit the deposition of Zn2+ aggregation. In consequence, the overpotential of Zn deposition could increase from 32.2 to 45.1 mV with the help of Na-L. The Zn-Zn cell could achieve a Zn utilization rate of 80% at areal capacity of 20 mAh cm-2. Zn-LiMn2O4 full cell with Na-L additive delivers improved stability than that with blank electrolyte. This study also provides insight into the regulation of nucleation overpotential to achieve homogeneous Zn deposition.
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Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) is a promising technology for large-scale energy storage. However, it is still questionable how material structures affect the anion storage behavior. In this paper, we synthesis graphite with an ultra-large interlayer distance and heteroatomic doping to systematically investigate the combined effects on DIBs. The large interlayer distance of 0.51â nm provides more space for anion storage, while the doping of the heteroatoms reduces the energy barriers for anion intercalation and migration and enhances rapid ionic storage at interfaces simultaneously. Based on the synergistic effects, the DIBs composed of carbon cathode and lithium anode afford ultra-high capacity of 240â mAh g-1 at current density of 100â mA g-1 . Dual-carbon batteries (DCBs) using the graphite as both of cathode and anode steadily cycle 2400 times at current density of 1â A g-1 . Hence, this work provides a reference to the strategy of material designs of DIBs and DCBs.
ABSTRACT
Dendrite growth and electrode/electrolyte interface side reactions in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) not only impair the battery lifetime but also pose serious safety concerns for the battery system, hindering its application in large-scale energy storage systems. Herein, by introducing positively charged chlorinated graphene quantum dot (Cl-GQD) additives into the electrolyte, a bifunctional dynamic adaptive interphase is proposed to achieve Zn deposition regulation and side reaction suppression in AZIBs. During the charging process, the positively charged Cl-GQDs are adsorbed onto the Zn surface, acting as an electrostatic shield layer that facilitates smooth Zn deposition. In addition, the relative hydrophobic properties of chlorinated groups also build a hydrophobic protective interface for the Zn anode, mitigating the corrosion of the Zn anode by water molecules. More importantly, the Cl-GQDs are not consumed throughout the cell operation and exhibit a dynamic reconfiguration behavior, which ensures the stability and sustainability of this dynamic adaptive interphase. Consequently, the cells mediated by the dynamic adaptive interphase enable dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping for more than 2000 h. Particularly, even at 45.5% depth of discharge, the modified Zn//LiMn2O4 hybrid cells still retain 86% capacity retention after 100 cycles, confirming the feasibility of this simple approach for application with limited Zn sources.
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Influenza is an infectious acute respiratory disease with complications and a high mortality rate; the effective medicines for influenza therapy are limited. "Huanglian" or Coptidis Rhizoma, Coptis chinensis Franch., Ranunculaceae, and "ganjiang" or Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae, combination is clinically used for treating respiratory diseases. HPLC was applied for the quantification of berberine hydrochloride (1.101 mg/ml) and 6-gingerol (38.41 µg/ml) in the H2O-soluble extract of the herbal formulation. In this study, the effect of "huanglian"- "ganjiang" extract on influenza virus H1N1-induced acute pulmonary inflammation was evaluated, in addition to the investigation of its anti-influenza mechanism in a mouse model. The analyzed herbal combination inhibited the expression of cytokine IL-6 and stimulated the expression of IL-2 in the serum of influenza virus-infected mice. Meanwhile, the herbal combination downregulated the gene and protein expression levels of TLR3, TLR7, MyD88, RIG-I, MAVS, TRAF3, and NF-κB p65, which are key targets of toll-like and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways in mice. In addition, the herbal combination could also promote the combination of intracellular autophagosomes and lysosomes in autophagosome-lysosome formation and improve impaired fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes by influenza virus. This study suggested that the "huanglian"- "ganjiang" extract may be a candidate therapeutic strategy for the treatment of H1N1 influenza. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43450-023-00372-z.
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Celastrol has been identified as a potential candidate for anticancer drug development. In this study, 28 novel celastrol derivatives with C-6 sulfhydryl substitution and 20-substitution were designed and synthesized, and their antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells and non-malignant human cells was evaluated, with cisplatin and celastrol being used as controls. The results showed that most of the derivatives had enhanced in vitro anticancer activity compared to the parent compound celastrol. Specifically, derivative 2f demonstrated the most potent inhibitory potential and selectivity against HOS with an IC50 value of 0.82 µM. Our study provides new insights into the structure-activity relationship of celastrol and suggests that compound 2f may be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Triterpenes , Humans , Molecular Structure , Triterpenes/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Structure-Activity Relationship , Cell Proliferation , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug DesignABSTRACT
Lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) are well known for their high energy density. However, their reversibility and rate performance are challenged due to the sluggish oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) kinetics, serious side reactions and uncontrollable Li dendrite growth. The electrolyte plays a key role in transport of Li+ and reactive oxygen species in LOBs. Here, we tailored a dilute electrolyte by screening suitable crown ether additives to promote lithium salt dissociation and Li+ solvation through electrostatic interaction. The electrolyte containing 100â mM 18-crown-6 ether (100-18C6) exhibits enhanced electrochemical stability and triggers a solution-mediated Li2 O2 growth pathway in LOBs, showing high discharge capacity of 10 828.8â mAh gcarbon -1 . Moreover, optimized electrode/electrolyte interfaces promote ORR/OER kinetics on cathode and achieve dendrite-free Li anode, which enhances the cycle life. This work casts new lights on the design of low-cost dilute electrolytes for high performance LOBs.