Corrigendum: Characterizing the neutrophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.793073.].

New resorcylic acid derivatives of Lysimachia tengyuehensis against MRSA and VRE by interfering with bacterial metabolic imbalance.

The abuse of antibiotics leads to the rapid spread of bacterial resistance, which seriously threatens human life and health. Now, 8 resorcylic acid derivatives, including 4 new compounds (1-4) were isolated from Lysimachia tengyuehensis by bio-guided isolation, and they inhibited both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) (MIC = 4-8 µg/mL). Notably, 1 and 2 rapidly killed MRSA and VRE within 40 min without drug resistance in 20 days. Mechanically, they potently disrupted biofilm and cell membrane by interfering with bacterial metabolic imbalance. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) revealed that the lipophilic long carbon chains (C-5/C-6) and hydrophilic hydroxyl/carboxyl groups were essential for the anti-MRSA and VRE bioactivity. Additionally, they effectively recovered MRSA-infected skin wounds and VRE-infected peritoneal in vivo. Resorcylic acid derivatives showed significant anti-MRSA and VRE bioactivity in vitro and in vivo with potential application for the first time.

Role of pyruvate kinase M2 in regulating sepsis (Review).

Glycolysis occurs in all living organisms as a form of energy supply. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is one of the rate­limiting enzymes in the glycolytic process. PKM2 is considered to serve an important role in several terminal diseases, including sepsis. However, to the best of our knowledge, the specific mechanistic role of PKM2 in sepsis remains to be systematically summarised. Therefore, the present review aims to summarise the roles of PKM2 in sepsis progression. In addition, potential treatment strategies for patients with sepsis are discussed. The present review hopes to lay the groundwork for studying the role of PKM2 and developing therapeutic strategies against metabolic disorders that occur during sepsis.

Vibration-Induced-Flow Mechanism and Its Application in Water Surface Robot.

Vibration is a common strategy for aquatic organisms to achieve their life activities, especially at the air-water interface. For the locomotion of small creatures, the organs with plate features are often used on water surfaces, which inspires relevant studies about using thin plates for robot propulsions. However, the influence of the general deformations of thin plates on the generated flow fields has not been considered. Here, a comprehensive investigation is conducted about the flow fields that arose by vibrations of thin plates and the potential as locomotion strategies are explored. It is discovered that as thin plates are subjected to vibration excitations on the water surface, the produced flow fields are mainly determined by the vibration shapes, and the influence rules of plate deformations on the flow fields are identified. The main factors producing asymmetric flow fields are analyzed to realize the morphology control of the flow fields. Then, to determine effective locomotion strategies on the water surface, the flow fields stimulated by integrated vibration exciters are explored, and 2 water surface robots are developed consequentially, which exhibit superior motion performance. This work reveals the basic rules of the vibration-induced-flow mechanism by thin plates and establishes new locomotion strategies for aquatic robots.

An evolutionarily conserved pathway mediated by neuroparsin-A regulates reproductive plasticity in ants.

Phenotypic plasticity displayed by an animal in response to different environmental conditions is supposedly crucial for its survival and reproduction. The female adults of some ant lineages display phenotypic plasticity related to reproductive role. In pharaoh ant queens, insemination induces substantial physiological/behavioral changes and implicates remarkable gene regulatory network (GRN) shift in the brain. Here, we report a neuropeptide neuroparsin A (NPA) showing a conserved expression pattern associated with reproductive activity across ant species. Knock-down of NPA in unmated queen enhances ovary activity, whereas injection of NPA peptide in fertilized queen suppresses ovary activity. We found that NPA mainly affected the downstream gene JHBP in the ovary, which is positively regulated by NPA and suppression of which induces elevated ovary activity, and shadow which is negatively regulated by NPA. Furthermore, we show that NPA was also employed into the brain-ovary axis in regulating the worker reproductive changes in other distantly related species, such as Harpegnathos venator ants.

Machine learning-based derivation and validation of three immune phenotypes for risk stratification and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The clinical presentation of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalized patients exhibits heterogeneity. Inflammation and immune responses play significant roles in CAP development. However, research on immunophenotypes in CAP patients is limited, with few machine learning (ML) models analyzing immune indicators. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Xinhua Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University. Patients meeting predefined criteria were included and unsupervised clustering was used to identify phenotypes. Patients with distinct phenotypes were also compared in different outcomes. By machine learning methods, we comprehensively assess the disease severity of CAP patients. Results: A total of 1156 CAP patients were included in this research. In the training cohort (n=809), we identified three immune phenotypes among patients: Phenotype A (42.0%), Phenotype B (40.2%), and Phenotype C (17.8%), with Phenotype C corresponding to more severe disease. Similar results can be observed in the validation cohort. The optimal prognostic model, SuperPC, achieved the highest average C-index of 0.859. For predicting CAP severity, the random forest model was highly accurate, with C-index of 0.998 and 0.794 in training and validation cohorts, respectively. Conclusion: CAP patients can be categorized into three distinct immune phenotypes, each with prognostic relevance. Machine learning exhibits potential in predicting mortality and disease severity in CAP patients by leveraging clinical immunological data. Further external validation studies are crucial to confirm applicability.

The role of cuproptosis-related genes in pan-cancer and the development of cuproptosis-related risk model in colon adenocarcinoma.

Cancer is widely regarded as a leading cause of death in humans, with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) ranking among the most prevalent types. Cuproptosis is a novel form of cell death mediated by protein lipoylation. Cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) participate in tumourigenesis and development. Their role in pan-cancer and COAD require further investigation. This study comprehensively evaluated the relationship among CRGs, pan-cancer, and COAD. Our research revealed the differential expression of CRGs and the cuproptosis potential index (CPI) between normal and tumour tissues, and further explored the correlation of CRGs or CPI with prognosis, immune infiltration, tumor mutant burden(TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and drug sensitivity in pan-cancer. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism pathways were significantly enriched in the high CPI group of most tumours. FDX1 and CDKN2A were chosen for further exploration, and we found an independent association between FDX1 and CDKN2A and prognosis, immune infiltration, TMB, and MSI in pan-cancer. Furthermore, a prognostic risk model based on the association between CRGs and COAD was built, and the correlations between the risk score and prognosis, immune-related characteristics, and drug sensitivity were analysed. COAD was then divided into three subtypes using cluster analysis, and the differences among the subtypes in prognosis, CPI, immune-related characteristics, and drug sensitivity were determined. Due to the level of LIPT1 was notably positive related with the risk score, the cytological identification was carried out to identify the association of LIPT1 with proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells. In summary, CRGs can be used as potential prognostic biomarkers to predict immune infiltration levels in patients with pan-cancer. In addition, the risk model could more accurately predict the prognosis and immune infiltration levels of COAD and better guide the direction of clinical medication. Thus, FDX1, CDKN2A, and LIPT1 may serve as prospective new targets for cancer therapy.

Effects of e-educational programmes among older adults with non-communicable diseases: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and NCDs account for 61.4% of all disability-adjusted life years worldwide. The global cost of NCDs is estimated to exceed 30 trillion dollars over the period 2011-2030, representing 48% of the global gross domestic product. Older adults are the common group affected by NCDs, characterised by an insidious onset, a long course, and a protracted illness. The incidence of these diseases is increasing every year, posing a severe threat to human health and quality of life. E-educational programmes about NCDs are essential for older adults because they are the main body of patients with NCDs, and their understanding of health is uneven and inaccurate. This protocol describes a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of e-educational programme methods for NCDs in older adults. This protocol aims to summarise and critically evaluate the impact of e-educational programmes on older adult patients with NCDs and to provide direction for developing interventions to improve their quality of life and NCD health management programmes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The search was performed in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wan Fang Data using established search terms. All randomised controlled trials on e-educational programmes for patients with NCDs published in recent 10 years (2013-2023) will be included. The risk of bias in the included study will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool after two authors have independently screened the literature. With regard to the quality of the evidence, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation analysis will be used. If the data are aggregated, then meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan V.5.4. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023455272.

Revealing the Impact of Dual Site Modification on the Phase Transformation and Ion Transport Mechanism of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials.

Ni-rich cathode materials have garnered significant attention attributable to the high reversible capacity and superior rate performance, particularly in the electric vehicle industry. However, the structural degradation experienced during cycling results in rapid capacity decay and deterioration of the rate performance, thereby impeding the widespread application of Ni-rich cathodes. Herein, a Mg/Ti co-doping strategy was developed to boost the structure stability and Li-ion transport kinetics of the Ni-rich cathode material LiNi0.90Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NCM9055) under long cycle. It is demonstrated that the Mg2+ ions inserted into the lithium layer could serve as pillars, enhancing the stability of the delithiated layer structure. The introduction of robust Ti-O bonding mitigated the detrimental H2-H3 phase transition (∼4.2 V) during cycling. In addition, despite the fact that Mg/Ti co-doping slightly reduces Li+ diffusion coefficient in the modified cathode material (NCM9055-MT), it effectively stabilized the robustness of the layered structure and maintained the Li+ diffusion channel while charging and discharging, thereby improving the Li+ diffusion coefficient after a long cycle. Therefore, the Mg/Ti co-doped cathode materials exhibited an exceptional capacity retention rate of 99.9% (100 cycles, 1 C). Additionally, the Li+ diffusion coefficient of the co-doped NCM9055-MT (2.924 × 10-10 cm2 s-1) after 100 cycles was effectively enhanced compared with the case of undoped NCM9055 (4.806 × 10-11 cm2 s-1). This work demonstrates that the Mg/Ti co-doping approach effectively enhanced the stability of layered Ni-rich cathode materials.

Phytocannabinoid-like meroterpenoids from twigs and leaves of Rhododendron spinuliferum.

Six pairs of previously undescribed enantiomeric phytocannabinoid-like meroterpenoids, (±)-spinulinoids A‒F, and two naturally occurring compounds, (+)-rhododaurichromanic acid A and (E)-4-((3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)oxy)benzoic acid, together with one known congener, (-)-rhododaurichromanic acid A, were obtained from the twigs and leaves of Rhododendron spinuliferum. Their structures were established by their extensive spectral data (NMR and HRESIMS), ECD calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Spinulinoids A and B are unprecedented phytocannabinoid-like meroterpenoids constructed by the resorcinol moiety and a ß-bisabolene unit, whereas spinulinoid C represents a rare adduct of quinone and ß-bisabolene with a tricyclic 6/6/6 ring system.

Autophagy accompanying the developmental process of male germline stem cells.

Germline stem cells are a crucial type of stem cell that can stably pass on genetic information to the next generation, providing the necessary foundation for the reproduction and survival of organisms. Male mammalian germline stem cells are unique cell types that include primordial germ cells and spermatogonial stem cells. They can differentiate into germ cells, such as sperm and eggs, thereby facilitating offspring reproduction. In addition, they continuously generate stem cells through self-renewal mechanisms to support the normal function of the reproductive system. Autophagy involves the use of lysosomes to degrade proteins and organelles that are regulated by relevant genes. This process plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of germline stem cells and the synthesis, degradation, and recycling of germline stem cell products. Recently, the developmental regulatory mechanism of germline stem cells has been further elucidated, and autophagy has been shown to be involved in the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation of germline stem cells. In this review, we introduce autophagy accompanying the development of germline stem cells, focusing on the autophagy process accompanying the development of male spermatogonial stem cells and the roles of related genes and proteins. We also briefly outline the effects of autophagy dysfunction on germline stem cells and reproduction.

Spontaneous water oozing of a soft drain bed via energy-free atmospheric water harvesting.

Atmospheric water harvesting has emerged as an efficient strategy for addressing the global challenge of freshwater scarcity. However, the in being energy-consuming water-collecting process has obstructed its practicality. In this work, a soft drain bed, which was composed of hydrophilic cloth and hygroscopic gel, has been demonstrated to capture atmospheric water effectively, followed by converting it into liquid water spontaneously and sustainably, under all-weather humidity conditions. Under the optimal working condition of 30°C with a relative humidity level of 75%, the bed can provide a spontaneous water oozing ability of 1.25 g (liquid water)/hour within the 8 h of working time. More importantly, after 5 working cycles, 80% of the oozing ability can be reserved, suggesting the high potential for practical freshwater supply application. The proposed design strategy is expected to provide new hints for the development of future energy-saving decentralized freshwater supply systems.

The abnormalities of brain function in females with primary insomnia: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: The neuropathologic mechanism of primary insomnia (PI) of females remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the features of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) in females with PI using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and then explore the abnormalities of functional connectivity (FC). Materials and methods: A total of 39 female PI patients and 31 female healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in the study. The sleep condition was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and their depressive symptom was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24). The rs-fMRI was once conducted for every subject. ReHo, ALFF, and ROI-based FC were used to analyze the changes of brain function. Results: ALFF values were increased in the Cerebelum_4_5_L, as well as decreased ALFF in the bilateral Frontal_Sup_Medial (SFGmed), Angular_L (ANG.L), Parietal_Inf_R (IPL.R), SupraMarginal_R (SMG.R), and Postcentral_R (PoCG.R). ReHo values were increased in the Temporal_Pole_Mid_R (TPOsup.R), as well as decreased ReHo in the Insula_R (INS.R), Frontal_Inf_Oper_R (ORBinf.R), Putamen_R (PUT.R), Rolandic_Oper_R (ROL.R), bilateral Cingulum_Post (PCG), bilateral Frontal_Sup_Medial (SFGmed), bilateral anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri (ACG), and the bilateral precuneus (PCUN). Across the entire brain, there was a decline in the FC between Angular_R and Frontal_Sup_Medial_L. Conclusion: Alterations in brain regions of female patients with PI involved multiple functional networks, including the default mode network, the salience network, the central executive network, and the limbic network. Reduced coordination between functional networks may be an important mechanism for insomnia and may lead to reduced cognitive function and decision-making ability.

Feature-based molecular networking with MS2LDA to profile compounds in Lanbuzheng based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Lanbuzheng (Geum japonicum Thunb. var. chinense Bolle), a plant found in Southwest China, is a traditional Chinese medicine that promotes hematopoiesis and antioxidant functions. Many of its chemical constituents remain unknown, posing challenges both to understanding its pharmacological mechanisms and to conducting quality control research. In this work, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectroscopy was used for profiling the composition of Lanbuzheng. Using positive ion mass spectrometry data enriched from Lanbuzheng extract, feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) was constructed and associated with Mass2Motifs substructures using MS2LDA. Prediction and validation of unknown constituents of Lanbuzheng using a custom-built compound library, SIRIUS, and network annotation propagation, achieved a semi-automated annotation of the molecular network. Based on the custom-built library comprising 206 compounds and the FBMN clustering results, the constituents in Lanbuzheng primarily include tannins, triterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics. Using only 65 pre-identified compounds as references, 210 unknown compounds were annotated in various polarity regions of Lanbuzheng. Results of the current work indicate that molecular networks enable the efficient annotation of compounds in complex systems, laying the groundwork for the preliminary identification of pharmacologically active constituents of Lanbuzheng.

Exploring Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity from the Perspective of Protein Quality Control.

Anthracyclines are effective anticancer drugs; however, their use is restricted because of their dose-dependent, time-dependent and irreversible myocardial toxicity. The mechanism of anthracycline cardiotoxicity has been widely studied but remains unclear. Protein quality control is crucial to the stability of the intracellular environment and, ultimately, to the heart because cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated. Two evolutionarily conserved mechanisms, autophagy, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, synergistically degrade misfolded proteins and remove defective organelles. Recent studies demonstrated the importance of these mechanisms. Further studies will reveal the detailed metabolic pathway and metabolic control of the protein quality control mechanism integrated into anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. This review provides theoretical support for clinicians in the application and management of anthracyclines.

A multi-scale feature selection module based architecture for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease on [18F]FDG PET.

OBJECTIVE: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent form of dementia worldwide as a cryptic neurodegenerative disease. The symptoms of AD will last for several years, which brings great mental and economic burden to patients and their families. Unfortunately, the complete cure of AD still faces great challenges. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose the disease in the early stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Visual Geometry Group (VGG) network serves as the backbone for feature extraction, which could reduce the time cost of network training to a certain extent. In order to better extract image information and pay attention to the association information in the images, the group convolutional module and the multi-scale RNN-based feature selection module are proposed. The dataset employed in the study are drawn from [18F]FDG-PET images within the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. RESULTS: Comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms several competing approaches in AD-related diagnostic tasks. In addition, the model reduces the number of parameters of the model compared to the backbone model, from 134.27 M to 17.36 M. Furthermore, the ablation reaserch is conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed module. CONCLUSIONS: The paper introduces a lightweight network architecture for the early diagnosis of AD. In contrast to analogous methodologies, the proposed method yields acceptable results.

Addition of operative hysteroscopy to vacuum aspiration for the management of early pregnancy loss after in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether operative hysteroscopy in addition to vacuum aspiration for the management of early pregnancy loss effectively increases the success rate of subsequent frozen embryo transfer. DESIGN: Propensity score-matched cohort study. SUBJECTS: Women with a miscarriage at 5 to 16 gestational weeks during an IVF cycle in Peking University Third Hospital from 2015 to 2022. EXPOSURE: Hysteroscopy plus vacuum aspiration versus conventional vacuum aspiration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Live birth rate in the subsequent frozen embryo transfer. RESULTS: 347 women who underwent vacuum aspiration plus hysteroscopy and 2,562 women who underwent conventional vacuum aspiration were included in the analysis. After propensity score matching (1:1 ratio), 325 women were included in each group. Compared to women who underwent vacuum aspiration, those who underwent vacuum aspiration plus hysteroscopy were associated with a lower rate of live birth in the propensity-based matched cohort (22% vs 30%, aOR = 0.68 (0.47, 0.97)). Biochemical, clinical and multiple pregnancy rates were not significantly different, as was miscarriage rate. In the overall cohort, 11 women experienced surgery reintervention in the vacuum aspiration group (0.4%), while no one required surgery reintervention in the vacuum aspiration plus hysteroscopy group. CONCLUSION: Women who underwent vacuum aspiration plus hysteroscopy might be associated with lower rates of live birth compared to those who underwent vacuum aspiration. Further studies are necessary to establish this relationship definitively.

Internal urethral sphincter reconstruction with anterior bladder neck tube for robotic and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: improving early return of continence.

Background: In recent years, despite several surgical techniques having been applied, the early incontinence rate after radical prostatectomy (RP) remains high. In this study, we reconstructed an internal urethral sphincter (IUS) with anterior bladder neck tube (ABNT) to improve early return of continence and find a more effective technique for early urinary incontinence after RP. Methods: In this study, 96 previous patients who did not receive an ABNT between October 2018 and May 2020 were compared as historical controls (the control group). A total of 210 consecutive patients underwent robotic or laparoscopic RP with ABNT between May 2020 and February 2023 (the ABNT group). The inclusion criteria included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score 0-1 and localized prostate cancer (clinical stages cT1-3, cN0, cM0). The exclusion criteria included patients with diabetes, neurologic diseases, previous pelvic operations, symptoms of urinary incontinence, prior radiation, focal therapy, or androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. ABNT was reconducted with a U-shaped flap from the anterior wall of the bladder neck, and was then anastomosed with the urethra. In the control group, the bladder outlet was directly anastomosed with the urethra. Continence, as defined if 0 pads were used per day and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) score ≤6, was assessed at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after catheter removal. At 2 weeks after catheter removal, urethral pressure profilometry (UPP) and upright urethrography were performed to evaluate the function of ABNT in the ABNT group. Results: More patients in the ABNT group were continent than those in the control group at 1 week (85.2% vs. 22.9%, P<0.001), 4 weeks (91.4% vs. 27.1%, P<0.001), 8 weeks (95.2% vs. 40.6%, P<0.001), 12 weeks (100% vs. 71.9%, P<0.001), and at 24 weeks (100% vs. 87.5%, P<0.001) after catheter removal. Stricture was presented in 5.2% and 2.1% (P=0.34) in the ABNT group and control group, respectively. UPP showed that a functional IUS was reconstructed with ABNT. Upright urethrography showed that the ABNT was filled with contrast medium in the urination period and with no contrast medium during the storage period and interruption of urination. Conclusions: The ABNT technique significantly improved early return of continence in comparison with the no ABNT technique, especially the immediate continence. The ABNT technique reconstructed the functional IUS with acceptable urethral stricture. The limitations of the present study include that the comparison was conducted retrospectively with a historical cohort and lack of randomization, and the single center setting. A prospective, randomized, and multicenter evaluation is expected.

A novel costimulatory molecule gene-modified leukemia cell-derived exosome enhances the anti-leukemia efficacy of DC vaccine in mouse models.

OBJECTIVES: Leukemia cell-derived exosomes (LEXs), carrying leukemia cell-specific antigens, can serve as a source of antigen for dendritic cell (DC) vaccine loading. However, LEX-targeted DC-based vaccines have demonstrated limited antitumor immune effects in clinical trials, attributed to the low immunogenicity of LEXs and the scant levels of costimulatory molecules on DCs. The costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, which are crucial to DC function, play a significant role in enhancing immune efficacy. In this study, we explored the anti-leukemia immune response of costimulatory molecule gene-modified LEX-targeted DCs (LEX-8086) in vitro and in animal models. METHODS: DCs were incubated with LEX-8086 to produce LEX-8086-targeted DCs (DCsLEX-8086). ELISA, cytotoxicity assays and flow cytometry utilized to assess the antitumor efficacy of DCsLEX8086 in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the immunomodulatory function of DCsLEX8086 in animal models. RESULTS: Our findings indicated that LEX-8086 enhanced the maturation and antigen-presenting ability of DCs. Immunization with DCsLEX8086 significantly activated CD8+ T cells and boosted the CTL response in vitro. More importantly, DCsLEX-8086 effectively suppressed tumor growth and exerted anti-leukemia effects in both prophylactic and therapeutic animal models. Furthermore, DCsLEX-8086 promoted the proportion of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages in the tumor environments both prophylactically and therapeutically. Treatment with DCsLEX-8086 showed no significant difference in the levels of M2 macrophages but decreased the proportion of Tregs within the tumor bed during therapeutic experiments. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that DCsLEX-8086 induces a more effective anti-leukemia immunity compared to DCsLEX-null in vivo and in vitro. DCsLEX-8086 might achieve antitumor effects by elevating the numbers of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and M1 macrophages in tumors. Our findings indicate that DCsLEX-8086 could be leveraged to develop a new, highly effective vaccine for anti-leukemia immunity.