ABSTRACT
DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 × 6 × 6 m 3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.
ABSTRACT
The clinical and pathologic characterisation of two fatal cases of tick-borne rickettsiosis in rural (El Valle) and urban (City of Panama) Panama are described. Clinical and autopsy findings were non-specific, but the molecular analysis was used to identify Rickettsia rickettsii in both cases. No ticks were collected in El Valle, while in the urban case, R. rickettsii was detected in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., representing the first molecular finding in this tick in Panama and Central America.
Subject(s)
Rhipicephalus sanguineus/microbiology , Rickettsia rickettsii/physiology , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/diagnosis , Adolescent , Animals , Child , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Male , Panama , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/microbiologyABSTRACT
The pulmonary surfactant is a lipoproteic complex that serves to lower surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the pulmonary alveoli. Approximately 2 to 4% of the pulmonary surfactant is constituted by the protein A (SP-A). The objective of the study was to determine the effects that maternal protein calorie malnutrition has on the fetal pulmonary growth and the production of SP-A messenger RNA in fetal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups, which received a diet with either 8% or 21% of proteins from gestational day 1 until the day 20. In this last day 11 fetuses were extracted by caesarean section and their lungs were removed to quantify the mRNA of the SP-A. First the mRNA was boosted using the technique of reverse transcriptase and polimerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and then its concentration was determined by means of fluorodensitometry. RESULTS: There was a reduction in body weight and in wet lung weights of malnourished fetuses in comparison with the normal fetuses (5.03 +/- 0.20 g vs. 4.32 +/- 0.32 g, p < 0.05 and 79.0 +/- 3.8 mg vs. 146.0 +/- 3.4 mg, p < 0.05, respectively). The densitometric analysis of the SP-A mRNA concentration demonstrated a reduction of 32% in the malnourished fetuses (0.52 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.77 +/- 0.07, p < 0.05) compared with the normal fetuses. CONCLUSIONS: The maternal protein calorie malnutrition affected the pulmonary development and the synthesis of the SP-A mRNA. These data suggest that a defect occurrs at pre-transcriptional level that results in a diminution of the concentration of mRNA of SP-A in the neumocytes type II
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Pregnancy Complications , Protein-Energy Malnutrition , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/genetics , Lung/embryology , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Pulmonary Surfactants/chemistry , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The pulmonary surfactant is a lipoproteic complex that serves to lower surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the pulmonary alveoli. Approximately 2 to 4% of the pulmonary surfactant is constituted by the protein A (SP-A). The objective of the study was to determine the effects that maternal protein calorie malnutrition has on the fetal pulmonary growth and the production of SP-A messenger RNA in fetal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups, which received a diet with either 8% or 21% of proteins from gestational day 1 until the day 20. In this last day 11 fetuses were extracted by caesarean section and their lungs were removed to quantify the mRNA of the SP-A. First the mRNA was boosted using the technique of reverse transcriptase and polimerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and then its concentration was determined by means of fluorodensitometry. RESULTS: There was a reduction in body weight and in wet lung weights of malnourished fetuses in comparison with the normal fetuses (5.03 +/- 0.20 g vs. 4.32 +/- 0.32 g, p < 0.05 and 79.0 +/- 3.8 mg vs. 146.0 +/- 3.4 mg, p < 0.05, respectively). The densitometric analysis of the SP-A mRNA concentration demonstrated a reduction of 32% in the malnourished fetuses (0.52 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.77 +/- 0.07, p < 0.05) compared with the normal fetuses. CONCLUSIONS: The maternal protein calorie malnutrition affected the pulmonary development and the synthesis of the SP-A mRNA. These data suggest that a defect occurrs at pre-transcriptional level that results in a diminution of the concentration of mRNA of SP-A in the neumocytes type II.
Subject(s)
Lung/embryology , Pregnancy Complications , Protein-Energy Malnutrition , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/genetics , Pulmonary Surfactants/chemistry , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
A via de acesso de Cincinnati foi utilizada em 111 pacientes (164 pés) portadores de pé torto eqüinovaro congênito (PTC) no período de 1985 a 1994. Os autores descrevem a técnica cirúrgica empregada e as facilidades que envolvem a abordagem das regiöes medial, posterior e lateral através dessa via de acesso. Os resultados säo analisados por um sistema de avaliaçäo funcional que permite, por meio de exame clínico e radiográfico, classificá-los em excelentes, bons, regulares e ruins. Os autores, entretanto, sugerem que os resultados excelentes e bons sejam denominados satisfatórios e os regulares e ruins, insatisfatórios. A análise comparativa entre duas faixas etárias é submetida ao estudo estatístico. Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que a idade influenciou significantemente os resultados obtidos.