Explicit discrimination among Brazilian dental students: A multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: To test the association between socioeconomic and sociodemographic status of Brazilian dental students with discriminatory experiences suffered by them. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted with 531 undergraduate dental students from four different Brazilian states. The Explicit Discrimination Scale (EDS) was used to measure the experience of discrimination in several daily situations. A questionnaire about sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, form of admission, and permanence in dental schools was developed and validated by experts and six dental students through cognitive interviews. The EDS and questionnaire were sent to students by an online platform using snowball sampling. Descriptive analysis, bivariate tests, and multiple Poisson regression were performed. RESULTS: Among the participants, most were female, white, heterosexual, and cisgender. The mean EDS total score was higher among those students who used Brazilian Affirmative Actions for higher education access and permanence (p < 0.005). The multiple analysis indicated that students who were black (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.484; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.291-1.705), women (PR = 1.227; 95%CI: 1.030-1.462), had lower monthly income (PR = 1.212; 95%CI: 1.043-1.409) and were lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, pansexual, and plus (LGBTQIAP+) (PR = 1.466; 95%CI: 1.238-1.735) showed a higher probability of discriminatory experiences when compared to white, male and heterosexual students with higher monthly income. CONCLUSION: There is a racial and social class pattern among dental students. The exclusionary factors such as black race, female gender, lower monthly income and being LGBTQIAP+ make students more vulnerable to discriminatory experiences.

Quality of life in children and adolescents with blood coagulation disorders and hemoglobinopathies.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oral conditions and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents with blood coagulation disorders and hemoglobinopathies (BCDH). The study was cross-sectional and included 61 individuals aged 2 to 18 years with BCDH. Exams for dental caries (dmft/DMFT index), oral hygiene (simplified oral hygiene index - OHI-S), and gingival health (modified gingival index - MGI) were performed. The pediatric quality of life inventory™ (PedsQL™) generic core scale and oral health scale were used to measure HRQoL and OHRQoL. Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) and the Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05) were conducted to assess the relationship between covariates and the PedsQL™ oral health scale. The mean PedsQL™ oral health scale score was 76.66 (SD = 21.36). Worse OHRQoL was correlated with poor oral hygiene (ρ = -0.383; p: 0.004), poor gingival health (ρ = -0.327; p = 0.014), and better HRQoL (ρ = 0.488; p < 0.001). Greater untreated dental caries experience was associated with worse OHRQoL (p = 0.009). Worse oral health status in children and adolescents with BCDH negatively impacts OHRQoL, and OHRQoL and quality of life analyzed from a generic perspective are positively correlated constructs in this population.

Parental Reports of Children's Dental Pain Experience and Associated Factors among Brazilian Children.

Exploring children's dental pain experiences helps to develop healthcare policies for improving oral health and quality of life. A cross-sectional study involved 300 parents/caregivers of four- to seven-year-old children using snowball sampling. Parents/caregivers self-completed an online questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, parenting styles, their child's oral hygiene practices, free sugar consumption, and dental history. The questionnaire was created using Google Forms and was disseminated to parents/caregivers via E-mail and/or WhatsApp©. Descriptive and Poisson regression analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Children's dental pain experience was reported by 20.3% of the parents. The authoritative parenting style was predominant. The child's mean age at the first consumption of sugar was 1.38 (±0.64) years, and 40.3% of the children had high-free sugar consumption. The mean age for the first dental appointment was 2.26 (±1.31) years, and 24.3% of the children never went to a dental appointment. The prevalence of dental pain experience was higher in children who attended their first dental appointment later (PR: 1.02; CI 95%: 1.01-1.03) and among those with high-free sugar consumption (PR: 1.90; CI 95%: 1.21-3.00). High sugar consumption and delay in the first dental appointment may increase the likelihood that children will experience dental pain.

Acceptability of dental students and professionals concerning child behaviour management techniques: Systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: During child dental treatment, different behavior management techniques (BMTs) are applied and it is important to understand the possible discomfort in the operator. OBJECTIVE: The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the acceptability of dental students and professionals concerning BMTs applied with paediatric dentistry patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search was conducted, following the PEOS strategy: Population (P) - dental students/professionals (S); Exposure (E) - BMTs preconized by the American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, Outcome (O) - proportion of BMT acceptance; and Study design (S) - observational studies based on data from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS (Lilacs/BBO), Cochrane, and Open Grey databases up to September 2021. The eligible studies were submitted to data extraction and to the evaluation of methodological quality, using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. The certainty of evidence was evaluated by GRADE. RESULTS: The search retrieved 710 articles; a total of 21 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were used for qualitative analysis. Among the undergraduate students and dentists, the most accepted techniques were tell-show-do and positive reinforcement, while paediatric dentists preferred the tell-show-do technique and dental professionals with graduate degrees preferred sedation using nitrous oxide and positive reinforcement. The least accepted technique was protective stabilization. Seven students presented a low risk for bias, while 14 presented a high risk. The certainty of evidence was classified as very low. CONCLUSION: Although the basis of available certainty of evidence is scarce and with a considerable risk for bias, it is still possible to conclude that the more accepted techniques were based on communication.

Early Childhood Caries and Its Consequences Impact Sleep in Preschool Children.

Purpose: To assess the impact of early childhood caries (ECC) and its clinical conse- quences on preschool children's sleep, as reported by caregivers. Methods: A representative cross-sectional study was carried out with preschoolers aged four to six years in Brazil. Caregivers responded to the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale and a specific question from this questionnaire was used to determine sleep-related quality of life: "Has your child had trouble sleeping because of dental problems or dental treatments?" Additionally, a self-administered questionnaire with socioeconomic questions was used. Clinical examinations were performed by two calibrated dentists to diagnose dental caries (International Caries Detection and Assessment System -epi) and its clinical consequences (pulpal involvement, tissue ulceration, fistula and abscesses [pufa] index). Adjusted and unadjusted Poisson regression was used for data analysis (P<0.05). Results: The sample consisted of 533 preschoolers, with 259 girls (51.4 percent) (n=259). The mean age of preschoolers was 4.78±0.6 (standard deviation) years. One-third (n=176) exhibited extensive carious lesions, and 14.1 percent (n=75) had clinical consequences of ECC. Conclusion: Children with clinical consequences of ECC were approximately 3.04 times more likely to have difficulty sleeping than children without them (95 percent confidence interval=1.75 to 5.25). The clinical consequences of ECC were significantly associated with difficulty sleeping among preschool children.

Late Eruption of Mandibular Central Incisor in Small for-Gestational-Age Infants: A Cohort Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the chronology of the eruption of primary mandibular central incisors in infants born preterm and with low weight (PLBW) and its association with weight/length ratio for gestational age (GA) at birth, individual characteristics and hospitalization at birth. Methods: A cohort of 46 infants was followed at a multidisciplinary reference center at a university hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The inclusion criteria were infants born preterm with low/very low/extreme low birth weight and at least four months of age. Oral clinical examinations were carried out by a calibrated dentist for a total of eight months, with a one-month interval between each examination, to verify the chrono- logy of eruption of the primary mandibular central incisors. Caregivers completed a sociodemographic and health questionnaire. Data on neonatal hospitalization were collected from medical records. Data were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test, and bivariate analysis was done using the Mann-Whitney method and Kruskal-Wallis test (P <0.05). Results: The average age at eruption of primary lower central incisors was 11 months for both sexes. No association was found between tooth eruption and child hospitalization or individual characteristics (P >0.05). Infants large for gestational age had earlier tooth eruption (9.3±1.41 months) than infants small for gestational age (13.6±3.29 months; P <0.05).Conclusion: The most likely age for the eruption of the first primary teeth in infants born preterm and with low weight was 11 months, and there was no influence of individual characteristics and hospitalization at birth. Small-for-gestational age infants experienced delayed tooth eruption compared to large-for-GA infants.

Quality of life in children and adolescents with blood coagulation disorders and hemoglobinopathies

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oral conditions and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents with blood coagulation disorders and hemoglobinopathies (BCDH). The study was cross-sectional and included 61 individuals aged 2 to 18 years with BCDH. Exams for dental caries (dmft/DMFT index), oral hygiene (simplified oral hygiene index - OHI-S), and gingival health (modified gingival index - MGI) were performed. The pediatric quality of life inventory™ (PedsQL™) generic core scale and oral health scale were used to measure HRQoL and OHRQoL. Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) and the Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05) were conducted to assess the relationship between covariates and the PedsQL™ oral health scale. The mean PedsQL™ oral health scale score was 76.66 (SD = 21.36). Worse OHRQoL was correlated with poor oral hygiene (ρ = -0.383; p: 0.004), poor gingival health (ρ = -0.327; p = 0.014), and better HRQoL (ρ = 0.488; p < 0.001). Greater untreated dental caries experience was associated with worse OHRQoL (p = 0.009). Worse oral health status in children and adolescents with BCDH negatively impacts OHRQoL, and OHRQoL and quality of life analyzed from a generic perspective are positively correlated constructs in this population.

Profile of Dental Caries in Eastern and Western Parakanã Children at Amazônia Paraense, Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in children from 18 months to 5 years of age in eastern (near urban centers) and western (far from urban centers) Parakanã, verify the influence of proximity to non-indigenous cultures, and compare with other ethnicities and non-indigenous. Material and Methods: The universe of children was examined by one researcher in a cross-sectional study. Descriptive analysis and the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05) were performed. Results: It was observed that 68.8% (N = 53) of children from 18 to 36 months of age presented dmft = 0 (without caries), while 12.5% (N = 6) of children of five years of age presented this condition. For children between 18 and 36 months, the average dmft values were 0.74 (SD=1.91) for eastern children and 1.25 (SD=1.65) for western children. At five years of age, the average dmft values were 4.35 (SD=3.29) and 3.75 (SD=2.05) for eastern and western, respectively. Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05) showed no difference between East and Western children. When compared with non-indigenous Brazilian children, the values behaved similarly. Conclusion: Knowledge of the epidemiological profile of dental caries in Indigenous Parakanã children is relevant both in planning oral health actions for this population and for aggregating information, which is still scarce for Indigenous.

Qualidade de preenchimento de prontuários clínicos por estudantes de uma Faculdade de Odontologia brasileira / Calidad del llenado de fichas clínicas por estudiantes de una Facultad de Odontología brasileña / Quality in filling out clinical records by students of a Brazilian Dentistry school

O prontuário odontológico é um documento médico-legal importante para o registro adequado dos serviços prestados pelo profissional, sendo fundamental para o melhor acompanhamento longitudinal da saúde bucal. A competência para seu adequado preenchimento deve ser desenvolvida pelos alunos desde o início de sua atuação clínica, no ambiente de ensino. Este estudo avaliou a qualidade de preenchimento de prontuários odontológicos por alunos em diferentes níveis de formação, nas atividades clínicas de Odontopediatria, da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados através dos prontuários de pacientes atendidos entre o segundo semestre de 2013 e o segundo semestre de 2019. A qualidade de preenchimento foi analisada descritivamente, categorizando as seções do prontuário como totalmente, parcialmente ou não preenchidas. Posteriormente, uma análise bivariada avaliou a qualidade de preenchimento por alunos do 3º e 6º períodos (p< 0,05). Dos 296 prontuários analisados, nenhum apresentou o preenchimento adequado de todas as seções. As principais falhas observadas foram: dados incompletos no termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (75%), no índice de sangramento gengival (72,9%) e no diagnóstico da condição bucal (68,6%). Adicionalmente, 51% dos prontuários tinham os dados da identificação dos pacientes parcialmente preenchidos. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na qualidade de preenchimento dos prontuários entre alunos do 3º e 6º períodos. Os presentes resultados evidenciam falhas no preenchimento dos prontuários odontológicos, que se mantiveram ao longo da formação dos alunos. Sendo assim, ressaltam a necessidade de estratégias de sensibilização dos corpos discente e docente, objetivando a manutenção adequada destes registros, por sua relevância ética, legal e científica (AU).

La ficha odontológica es un documento médico-legal importante para el adecuado registro de los servicios prestados por el profesional y es fundamental para el mejor seguimiento longitudinal de la salud oral. La competencia para llenarla adecuadamente debe ser desarrollada por los estudiantes desde el inicio de su práctica clínica, en el ámbito docente. Este estudio evaluó la calidad del llenado de fichas odontológicas por estudiantes de diferentes niveles de formación en prácticas clínicas de Odontología Pediátrica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los datos se recolectaron a través de fichas clínicas de pacientes atendidos entre el segundo semestre de 2013 y el segundo semestre de 2019. La calidad del llenado se analizó de forma descriptiva, categorizando las secciones de la ficha clínica como completas, parciales o no llenadas. Posteriormente, un análisis bivariado evaluó la calidad del llenado por estudiantes del 3.º y del 6.º período (p< 0,05). De las296 fichas clínicas analizadas, ninguna presentó un llenado adecuado de todas las secciones. Las principales fallas observadas fueron: datos incompletos en el consentimiento informado (75 %), en el índice de sangrado gingival (72,9 %) y en el diagnóstico de la afección bucal (68,6 %). Además, el 51 % de las fichas tenían datos de identificación de los pacientes parcialmente llenados. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la calidad del llenado de fichas entre los estudiantes del 3.º y 6.º período. Los presentes resultados resaltan fallas en el llenado de fichas odontológicas que continuaron durante toda la formación de los estudiantes. Por lo tanto, se enfatiza la necesidad de estrategias de sensibilización de estudiantes y docentes, visando el adecuado mantenimiento de estos registros, debido a su relevancia ética, jurídica y científica (AU).

The dental record is an important medical and legal document for the proper registration of the services provided by the dental professional and it is essential for better longitudinal monitoring of the patients' oral health condition. The skills necessaryfor its adequate completion should be developed by students from the start of their clinical practice in professional training centers. This study evaluated the quality of filling out dental clinical records by students from different stages of clinical practice at the Pediatric Dentistry clinic, Dentistry School from UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais) in Brazil. Data were collected through dental records of patients assisted between the second semester of 2013 and the second semester of 2019. The registration quality was analyzed descriptively and characterized as fully, partially,or not filled out. Then, a bivariate analysis assessed the completion quality by students from third and sixth semesters (p< 0.05). Of the 296 dental records analyzed, none showed adequate completion of all sections. The main failures observed were incomplete data in the free and informed consent form (75%), in the gingival bleeding index (72.9%) and in the oral condition diagnosis (68.6%). Additionally, patient identification was incomplete in 51% of the dental records. There was no statistically significant difference when comparing students from thirdand sixthsemesters. These results highlight failures in filling out dental records, which continued throughout the students' formation. Therefore, they emphasize the need for awareness-raising strategies among students and teachers, aiming at the adequate maintenance of these records due to their ethical, legal, and scientific relevance (AU).

Cárie dentária em molares decíduos, doenças comuns na infância e condição socioeconômica: estudo representativo de escolares brasileiros / Dental caries in deciduous molars, common childhood diseases and socioeconomic status: a representative study of brazilian schoolchildren

Objetivo: verificar a experiência de cárie em molares decíduos e a sua associação com doenças comuns na infância, uso de medicamentos, condições socioeconômicas. Materiais e Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal representativo com uma amostra de 1181 crianças entre 8 e 9 anos, de ambos os sexos. O exame clínico foi realizado em ambiente escolar por uma dentista calibrada para diagnóstico de cárie dentária através do índice de dentes cariados, extraídos ou com extração indicada e obturados (Índice ceo-d). Os responsáveis responderam questionários sobre a história médica da criança e condições socioeconômicas. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa Local. Os dados foram analisados através da Regressão de Poisson, sendo que as variáveis com p<0,20 foram introduzidas em um modelo multivariado e hierárquico (p<0,05). Razão de Prevalência (RP) e Intervalo de Confiança (IC) de 95% foram calculados. Resultados: a maioria das crianças apresenta cárie em molares decíduos (54,6%). Doenças comuns na infância e uso medicamentos não apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com cárie dentária (p>0,05). Estudantes de escolas públicas tiveram uma prevalência 27% maior de (IC95%=1,05-1,59) experiência de cárie em molares decíduos quando comparados aos estudantes de escolas particulares. Menor escolaridade materna também se mostrou associada à experiência de cárie em molares decíduos, sendo que crianças cujas mães tinham até 4 anos de estudo tinham uma prevalência 60% maior de cárie dentária (IC95%:1,19-2,16). Conclusão: a maioria das crianças apresentou experiência de cárie em molares decíduos, mas esta condição não foi associada com doenças e medicamentos utilizados até os 4 anos de idade. Entretanto, crianças de escola pública e cujas mães possuíam menor escolaridade apresentaram maior experiência de cárie.

Objective: to verify the caries experience in deciduous molars and its association with common childhood diseases, medication use, socioeconomic conditions. Materials and Methods: a representative cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 1181 children between 8 and 9 years old, of both sexes. The clinical examination was performed in a school environment by a dentist calibrated for the diagnosis of dental caries through the index of decayed teeth, extracted or with the indicated and filled samples (ceo-d index). Those responsible for the child answered about the child's medical history and socioeconomic conditions. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee Local. The data were analyzed using an analysis model, and as p<0.20, varied with variables were evaluated in a model and hierarchical. Prevalence Ratio (PR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculations. Results: 54.6% of the children had caries experience in the deciduous molars. Common childhood diseases and medication use were not significantly associated with dental caries (p>0.05). Public school students had a prevalence of 27% of students (95%CI=1.05-1.59) of caries experience in deciduous molars when compared to school students. Lower maternal schooling was also associated with caries experience in deciduous molars, with mothers with up to 4 years of schooling having a 60% higher probability of having children with dental caries (95%CI:1.19-2.16). Conclusion: most children had caries experience in deciduous molars, but it was not associated with diseases and medications used between 0 and 4 years old. However, school children and whose mothers had less schooling had a greater experience of caries.

Responsiveness of the B-ECOHIS to detect changes in OHRQoL following dental treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract The Brazilian Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) is an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaire. This paper aims to investigate the responsiveness of the B-ECOHIS to dental treatment in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and determine if dental treatment has an impact on OHRQoL. The survey targeted 27 ASD individuals aged 4 to 14 years attending the Acolher Project of the University Federal Fluminense. This project provides children and adolescents with disabilities with oral health services. A group of randomly selected caregivers self-completed the B-ECOHIS before and 14 days after their children's dental treatment. The dental treatment included meticulous screening, preventive treatment, and restorative treatment. Responsiveness was assessed by investigating the effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM). Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate internal responsiveness (distribution-based approach). The B-ECOHIS showed significant changes in the total score (p<0.001) and in all domains. The ES of the total B-ECOHIS after treatment was 1.28 and ranged between 0.70 and 1.14 for the domains. The SRM for each of the domains was large, except for the symptom domain. The B-ECOHIS is sensitive and responsive to ASD individuals undergoing dental treatment. Individuals with ASD showed improvement in their OHRQoL score after dental treatment.

Risk Factors for the Incidence of Dental Caries in Low, Very Low, and Extremely Low Birth Weight Children: A Cohort Study

Abstract Objective: To assess the incidence of caries in a two-year period among low birth weight (LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) children considering socioeconomic indicators, dietary factors and oral hygiene. Material and Methods: A convenience sample was formed of 42 low birth weight children aged two to five years at baseline. Two examiners diagnosed caries using the World Health Organization criteria. Birth weight, socioeconomic indicators and diet were collected from medical records and questionnaires. Binomial models were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted rate ratios (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals for the factors evaluated. Results: Thirty-six children were re-examined after two years. The incidence of dental caries was 36.7%. The dmft index was 0.44 (±1.25) at baseline and increased to 1.36 (±3.85) at follow-up. VLBW children (1,000 to 1,500 g) (RR=0.23; 95%CI: 0.08-0.72) and LBW children (1,500 to 2,500 g) (RR=0.06; 0.01-0.55) had fewer carious lesions compared to ELBW children (<1,000 g). Carious lesions were more frequent among children with a lower income (RR=6.05; 1.05-34.84) and less frequent among those who did not consume sweetened juice, tea or yogurt (RR: 0.21; 0.07-0.62). Conclusion: An inverse dose-response relation was found between birth weight and the incidence of caries. A lower income and the consumption of sweetened beverages were risk factors for the development of caries (AU).

Development and validation of a short form of the BOHLAT-P

Abstract: The authors developed and validated a short form of the Brazilian Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Paediatric Dentistry (BOHLAT-P). Data included responses from 200 parents of preschoolers to sociodemographic and oral health service access questions on the BOHLAT-P, the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30), and the Brazilian Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). Data on the preschoolers' dental caries experience (ICDAS-II) were also included. An item response theory-based approach was employed to develop the short form, while confirmatory factor analysis evaluated the instrument dimensionality. The validity and reliability of the short form were tested by statistical analysis using BREALD-30, B-ECOHIS, and sociodemographic and dental caries experience data. The short form (BOHLAT-P-30) comprises 30 items, is unidimensional, and presents better model fit estimates (TLI = 0.94; CFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.05) than those of the BOHLAT-P. Moreover, BOHLAT-P-30 demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.95). BOHLAT-P-30 scores were positively correlated with BREALD-30 scores (r = 0.71), with the number of years of schooling (r = 0.60), and with the number of hours spent reading (r = 0.33). BOHLAT-P-30 scores were negatively correlated with B-ECOHIS scores (r = -0.21), and with the number of teeth with cavitated caries (r = -0.18). After controlling for confounding factors, BOHLAT-P-30 scores were not found to be associated with caries presence, or with the number of teeth with cavitated caries. The BOHLAT-P-30 had properties similar to those of the BOHLAT-P, and proved to be a valid measure to assess the OHL of Brazilian parents.

The importance of full text screening when judging eligibility criteria in a systematic review: a systematic survey / A importância da avaliação do texto completo ao julgar os critérios de elegibilidade em uma revisão sistemática: uma revisão de métodos

Aim: To evaluate if statistically significant results are more likely to be reported in title/abstracts compared to non-significant outcomes. Methods: In this methodological survey, we reanalyzed 59 observational studies from a previous systematic review. The PECO question was: Patient (P): children with primary teeth; Exposure (E): low birth weight and/or preterm; Comparison (C): normal birth weight and/or full-term; Outcome (O): dental caries. We analyzed the presence of key terms in the titles and abstracts, such as gestational age, preterm, full-term, birth weight, low/normal birth weight. Full texts were analyzed for "positive outcomes" (statistically significant association, p < 0.05 or 95% CI not crossing the null effect line) related to the association between the outcome and the exposure; and "negative outcomes" (when the outcome had statistically similar occurrence between the exposure and the comparison group). The odds ratio (OR) was calculated between the presence of key terms in titles/abstracts and the type of outcome (positive or negative). Results: Of 59 studies, 66% cited the key terms in titles/abstracts, and 75% reported negative outcomes. Studies with positive outcomes were more likely to report key terms in the titles/abstracts compared to studies with negative outcomes (OR: 4.5; 95% CI: 0.9-22.4; Chi-square test: p = 0.06). Studies with statistically significant outcomes, favoring the exposure or the comparison, were more likely to report these data in the titles/abstracts. Conclusion: When conducting a systematic review, the final decision related to the inclusion of a study must be based on a full-text level.

Objetivo: Avaliar se os resultados estatisticamente significativos são mais prováveis de serem relatados nos títulos/resumos dos artigos do que os resultados não significativos. Métodos: Neste levantamento metodológico, foram reanalisados 59 estudos observacionais de uma revisão sistemática anterior. A questão PECO foi: Paciente (P): crianças com dentes decíduos; Exposição (E): baixo peso ao nascer e/ou pré-termo; Comparação (C): peso normal ao nascer e/ou a termo; Resultado (O): cárie dentária. Foi analisada a presença de termos-chave nos títulos/resumos, como idade gestacional, pré-termo, a termo, peso ao nascer, baixo/peso normal ao nascer. Textos completos foram analisados para "desfechos positivos" (associação estatisticamente significativa, p < 0,05 ou IC 95% não cruzando a linha de efeito nulo) relacionados à associação entre o desfecho e a exposição; e "desfechos negativos" (quando o desfecho teve ocorrência estatisticamente semelhante entre a exposição e o grupo de comparação). Foi calculada a odds ratio (OR) entre a presença de termos-chave nos títulos/resumos e o tipo de resultado (positivo ou negativo). Resultados: Dos 59 estudos, 66% citaram os termos-chave nos títulos/resumos e 75% relataram resultados negativos. Estudos com resultados positivos foram mais propensos a relatar os termos-chave nos títulos/resumos em comparação com estudos com resultados negativos (OR: 4,5; IC 95%: 0,9-22,4; teste do qui-quadrado: p = 0,06). Estudos com significância estatística os desfechos, favorecendo a exposição ou a comparação, foram mais propensos a relatar esses dados nos títulos/resumos. Conclusão: Ao realizar uma revisão sistemática, a decisão final quanto à inclusão de um estudo deve ser baseada por meio da análise do texto completo.

Impact of untreated dental caries and malocclusion in brazilian adolescents on the quality of life of their families

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dentalcaries and malocclusion in Brazilian adolescents on the oral health-related qualityof life (OHRQoL) of their families. Methods: A representative cross-sectional studywas conducted with 1168 adolescents from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,and their families. Parents/caregivers answered the Brazilian version of the FamilyImpact Scale (B-FIS) to assess the impact of oral conditions on the OHRQoL of thefamilies. Malocclusion was diagnosed using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Dentalcaries was diagnosed using the DMFT index. Three examiners who had undergonetraining and calibration exercises performed the clinical examinations. Sex, ageand social vulnerability of the adolescents were considered confounding variables.Data analysis was performed using bivariate and multivariate Poisson regressionanalysis with robust variance (p<0.05). Results: The analysis adjusted by sex, ageand social vulnerability demonstrated that families of adolescents with untreateddental caries had 29% more impact on Parental/Family Activity (95% CI: 1.11-1.50), 28% on Parental Emotions (95% CI: 1.09-1.51) and 34% on Family Conflict(95% CI: 1.09-1.65) than those without caries. When adjusted for sex and age,malocclusion was associated with Financial Burden (PR=1.39; 95%CI=1.01-1.65),but this variable lost its significance when social vulnerability was included in themultivariate model (PR=1.27; 95% CI: 0.99-1.64). Conclusion: Untreated dentalcaries in adolescents exerted a negative impact on the OHRQoL of their families.Social vulnerability exerted an influence on the impact of malocclusion on theOHRQoL of the families.

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o impacto da cárie dentária e damá oclusão em adolescentes brasileiros na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúdebucal (QVRSB) de suas famílias. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversalrepresentativo com 1168 adolescentes de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, e suasfamílias. Os pais/responsáveis responderam à versão brasileira da Family ImpactScale (B-FIS) para avaliar o impacto das condições bucais na QVRSB das famílias. Amá oclusão foi diagnosticada pelo Índice de Estética Dental e a cárie dentária peloíndice CPOD. Três examinadores calibrados realizaram exames clínicos. Sexo, idadee vulnerabilidade social dos adolescentes foram coletadas como variáveis de confusão.A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de análise de regressão de Poisson bivariadae multivariada com variância robusta (p<0,05). Resultados: Resultados ajustados porsexo, idade e vulnerabilidade social demonstraram que famílias de adolescentes comcárie dentária não tratada tiveram 29% mais impacto na Atividade Parental/Familiar(IC95% = 1,11-1,50), 28% nas Emoções Parentais (IC95% = 1,09-1,51) e 34% em ConflitoFamiliar (IC 95% = 1,09-1,65) do que aqueles sem cárie. Quando ajustada para sexo eidade, a má oclusão foi associada ao Encargo Financeiro (RP = 1,39; IC95% = 1,01-1,65); entretanto, perdeu significância quando a vulnerabilidade social foi incluída nomodelo multivariado (RP = 1,27; IC95% = 0,99-1,64). Conclusão: A cárie dentária nãotratada em adolescentes exerceu impacto negativo na QVRSB de suas famílias. Avulnerabilidade social influenciou a ausência de impacto da má oclusão na QVRSBdas famílias.

Prevalence of active and passive smoking during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study / Prevalência de tabagismo ativo e passivo durante a gravidez: estudo transversal

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of active and passive smoking during pregnancy and its association with sociodemographic indicators, as well as perinatal and postnatal outcomes in newborns. Methods: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 431 pairs of mothers/ newborns. The study variables were: preterm birth, birth weight, oral mucosal lesions, sociodemographic indicators and smoking data. We collected data from medical records and through a self-administered questionnaire answered by mothers. A pediatric dentist examined the newborns for oral mucosal lesions. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between active and passive smoking and the other variables (α=5%). Results: The prevalence of active (9.5%) and passive smoking (4.2%) during pregnancy was low. Active smoking was statistically associated with low birth weight (OR: 2.4; 95%CI:1.1-5.3), lower schooling level (OR: 0.2; 95%CI:0.1-0.5) and mothers aged ≥36 years old (OR: 4.9; 95%CI:1.2-20.0). Passive smoking was not statistically associated with the other variables. There was no association between active or passive smoking during pregnancy and premature birth and oral lesions of the newborn. Conclusions: The prevalence of active and passive smoking were low. Active smoking was associated with low birth weight, maternal age and mother's schooling, suggesting a social influence of smoking behavior among a population with a lower educational level. There was no association between active and passive smoking and prematurity and oral lesions of the newborn. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de tabagismo ativo e passivo durante a gestação e a associação entre indicadores sociodemográficos, bem como desfechos pré e pós-parto em recém-nascidos. Metodologia: Este estudo transversal foi composto por 431 pares de mães/recém-nascidos. As variáveis estudadas foram: nascimento prematuro, peso ao nascer, lesões mucosas orais, indicadores sociodemográficos e dados sobre tabagismo. Coletamos dados por meio de prontuários e por questionário auto-aplicado respondido pelas mães. Um dentista pediátrico examinou os recém-nascidos para lesões mucosas orais. A regressão logística foi utilizada para a análise bivariada e multivariada dos dados (α=5%). Resultados: Prevalência de tabagismo ativo (9,5%) e tabagismo passivo (4,2%) durante a gravidez foi baixo. O tabagismo ativo foi estatisticamente associado ao baixo peso ao nascer (OR: 2,4; 95%CI:1,1-5,3), às mães com menor escolaridade (OR: 0,2; 95%CI:0,1-0,5), e mães com idade ≥36 anos (OR: 4,9; 95%CI:1,2-20,0); enquanto o tabagismo passivo não esteve estatisticamente associado a nenhuma variável. Não houve associação entre tabagismo durante a gestação com nascimento prematuro e lesões orais de recém-nascidos. Conclusões: As prevalências de tabagismos passivo e ativo foram baixas. O tabagismo ativo esteve associado ao baixo peso ao nascer, à idade materna e à escolaridade da mãe, sugerindo influência social do comportamento do tabagismo entre a população com menor escolaridade. Não houve associação entre tabagismo ativo e passivo com prematuridade e lesões de mucosa oral em recém-nascido. (AU)

Traumatismo dentário na dentição decídua e condição socioeconômica: uma revisão crítica da literatura / Traumatic dental injury in primary teeth and socioeconomic factors: a critical literature review

Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre a condição socioeconômica e o traumatismo dentário em crianças na dentição decídua. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed, seguindo uma estratégia de combinação de palavras-chave. Não houve restrição em relação ao ano de publicação, tipo de estudo e o local em que foi realizado. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada em duas etapas: através do processo de leitura dos títulos e resumos, e em seguida, por meio da obtenção e leitura dos artigos completos selecionados. Resultados: De um total de 94 artigos encontrados, 16 foram selecionados para a revisão de literatura. Desses, 13 preencheram todos os critérios metodológicos analisados. A maioria dos estudos foram realizados no Brasil. A idade das crianças não ultrapassou os seis anos. Associações estatisticamente significantes entre a prevalência do traumatismo dentário na dentição decídua e condição socioeconômica foram encontradas em quatro artigos. Conclusão: A maioria dos estudos não encontrou associação entre o traumatismo dentário na dentição decídua com a condição socioeconômica.

Aim: To verify the association between socioeconomic factors and traumatic dental injuries in preschool children in primary dentitions. Methods: A bibliographic search was made in the PubMed electronic database, following a keyword combination strategy. There were no restrictions regarding the year of publication, type of study, and place where it was performed. The selection of the studies was achieved in two steps: through the process of reading the titles and abstracts and by obtaining and reading the complete selected articles. Results: From the 94 articles that were found, 16 were eligible for inclusion in the literature review. Of these, 13 articles met all of the proposed methodology criteria. Most of the studies were conducted in Brazil. The age of the children did not exceed 6 years. Statistically significant associations between the prevalence of traumatic dental injury in the primary dentition and socioeconomic factors were found in 4 articles. Conclusion:The majority of studies found no association between dental trauma in primary dentition and socioeconomic status.

Avaliação do conhecimento de Graduandos do curso de Odontologia sobre o uso de fluoretos em Odontopediatria: um estudo coorte / Evaluation of the knowledge of undergraduate dental students regarding the indications of fluoride for children: a cohort study

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento de Graduandos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (FAO-UFMG) quanto às indicações de uso de fluoretos em crianças. Métodos: Em 2015, dois grupos de estudantes foram convidados a participar do estudo: Grupo 1 (G1): 78 alunos do 1º período e Grupo 2 (G2): 72 alunos do 9º período (baseline). Em 2016, o G1 participou da reaplicação do mesmo questionário e a amostra de alunos recuperada foi de 66 graduandos (tempo 2 ­ T2). Foi realizada análise estatística dos dados usando os Testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher e McNemar. Resultados: Comparando as respostas, houve diferenças de resposta em todas as questões entre G1 em baseline e G2 (p < 0,05). O conhecimento entre G1 no T2 e G2 foi semelhante (p > 0,05). As respostas foram diferentes entre G1 em baseline e G1 em T2 (p < 0,05), mostrando uma melhora do conhecimento para os mesmos alunos. Conclusão: No geral, pode-se dizer que ainda há uma defasagem no conhecimento, visto que muitas questões foram respondidas de maneira insatisfatória. (AU)

Aim: This study s oughtto compare the knowledge of undergraduate students from the Dental School of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (FOUFMG) regarding the recommendations of fluoride use for children. Methods: In 2015, two groups of students took part in the study: Group 1 (G1): 78 students from the 1stsemester and Group 2 (G2): 72 students from the last semester (baseline). In 2016, G1 answered the same questionnaire, and the sample retrieved was of 66 students (time 2). Pearson's Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and McNemar tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Comparing the responses, the answers were different between G1 at the baseline and G2 (p < 0.05). The answers of the questionnaire were similar between G1 at time 2 and G2 at the baseline (p > 0.05). The answers were different between G1 at the baseline and G1 at time 2 (p < 0.05), illustrating an improvement in knowledge. Conclusion:In conclusion, there is still a lack of knowledge, as many questions were not properly answered by the students. (AU)

Validation of the Brazilian version of the Halitosis Associated Life-Quality Test (HALT)

Abstract The present study aimed to validate (cross-culturally adapt and test psychometric properties) the Brazilian version of the Halitosis Associated Life-Quality Test (HALT). A process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation was conducted by a group of dental researchers. The first draft of the Brazilian Portuguese version was pre-tested on a sample of 33 individuals leading up to the final version of the questionnaire. The Brazilian version of the HALT (B-HALT) was applied to 100 individuals with halitosis (organoleptic score ≥ 2) and 100 individuals without halitosis (organoleptic score < 2). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to evaluate the dimensionality of B-HALT. Cronbach's alpha (α) and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to measure its reliability. For convergent validity, Spearman's correlation was conducted between the B-HALT and the organoleptic scores. The discriminant validity was evaluated through the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. EFA confirmed the unidimensionality of B-HALT, which has also demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = 0.96) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.93). There was a positive correlation between B-HALT and organoleptic scores (r = 0.33; p < 0.001). B-HALT was able to discriminate between the groups with and without halitosis measured by the organoleptic method (p < 0.001) and self-reported halitosis (p < 0.001). B-HALT has demonstrated to be a reliable and valid tool to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life associated to halitosis in Brazilian adults.

Má oclusão e vulnerabilidade social: estudo representativo de adolescentes de Belo Horizonte, Brasil / Malocclusion and social vulnerability: a representative study with adolescents from Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Resumo A má oclusão é um problema de saúde pública devido à alta prevalência, possibilidade de tratamento e por interferir na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. O objetivo deste artigo é determinar a prevalência da má oclusão em adolescentes e testar sua associação com indicador de vulnerabilidade social. Foi realizado um estudo transversal representativo com 1.612 adolescentes, entre 11 e 14 anos de idade, de escolas públicas e privadas de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Os adolescentes foram avaliados por três examinadores calibrados para o diagnóstico de má oclusão, utilizando o Índice Estético Dental. O Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social de Belo Horizonte foi utilizado para determinar o grau de vulnerabilidade social dos adolescentes. Os dados foram analisados através da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta (p < 0,05). A maioria dos adolescentes apresentou má oclusão ausente/leve (68,7%). Diagnosticou-se apinhamento dentário em 51,9% da amostra, diastema em 23,7%, mordida aberta anterior em 7,6 %. A má oclusão mostrou-se associada à vulnerabilidade social (RP = 1,25;95% IC = 1,01-1,55). O apinhamento dentário foi o tipo de má oclusão mais prevalente. Os adolescentes mais vulneráveis socialmente apresentaram piores indicadores de má oclusão.

Abstract Malocclusion is public health problem because of its high prevalence, treatment possibility, and impact on the individual's quality of life. This article aims to determining the prevalence of malocclusion in adolescents and to test its association with social vulnerability. A representative transversal study was performed with 1612 adolescents aged between 11 and 14 years old who came from public and private schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The adolescents were examined by three calibrated examiners for diagnosis of malocclusion, using the Dental Aesthetic Index. The Social Vulnerability Index from Belo Horizonte was used to determine the degree of social vulnerability from adolescents. The data were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance (p<0,05). Most adolescents presented absence/minor malocclusion (68.7%). Dental crowding was diagnosed in 51.9% from the sample, diastema in 23.7%, anterior open bite in 7.6 %. Malocclusion was associated with social vulnerability (PR=1.25;95% CI=1.01-1.55). Dental crowding was the most prevalent type of malocclusion. The more socially vulnerable adolescents had worse indicators of malocclusion.