[Possibilities of tissue perfusion assessment in abdominal surgery: integration into the intraoperative system of safety control points]. / Vozmozhnosti otsenki perfuzii tkanei v abdominal'noi khirurgii: integratsiya v sistemu intraoperatsionnykh kontrol'nykh tochek bezopasnosti.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility of integrating tissue perfusion assessment techniques (ICG perfusion and imaging photoplethysmography - iPPG) into the system of intraoperative control points of laparoscopic interventions with a reconstructive component. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative assessment of ICG fluorescence and iPPG were used during 8 laparoscopically assisted interventions: gastrectomy for gastric cancer (total - 2 and distal - 1) and colorectal resections (left-sided colorectal resections - 4 and right hemicolectomy - 1). RESULTS: Four stages are presented for the assessment of tissue perfusion: initial assessment, before intestine transection, before anastomosis formation, and evaluation of anastomosis. From the point of view of the significance of clinical decision-making, the «before intestine transection¼ stage is of great importance, due to the ease of transferring the resection level to the optimal tissue perfusion zone. CONCLUSION: Integration of tissue perfusion assessment techniques into the system of intraoperative checkpoints is possible and promising.

In Vitro Study of Cytostatic Activity of Baicalin, Baicalein, and Chlorophyllipt on HeLa-v Cell Line.

Cytostatic activity of baicalin, baicalein, and neogalenical drug Chlorophyllipt was studied in vitro on HeLa-v cells. Standard samples of Eucalimin, baicalin, and baicalein, as well as Chlorophyllipt and paclitaxel (reference drug Taxacad) were used. The cell deaths were determined by MTT assay in a Multiskan FC microplate reader with incubator. The effective inhibition concentration (IC50) of the tested substances were: paclitaxel (4.0±0.4 µM)-baicalein (10.5±1.1 µM)-baicalin (16.5±1.7 µM)-sum of euglobals in Chlorophyllipt (24.1±2.5 µM). Chlorophyllipt was found to exhibit cytostatic activity. Cytostatic activity of baicalein, baicalin, and Chlorophyllipt was lower than cytostatic activity of the reference drug by 2.6, 4.1, and 6 times, respectively. The prospects of further evaluation of the synergetic effect of baicalin, baicalein, and chlorophyllipt used in combinations with different cytostatic agents for finding the most effective combination have been shown.

Studying a collection of common-wheat varieties for leaf rust resistance, crop yield and grain quality in the environmental conditions of Novosibirsk region.

The relationship between a variety's genotype, environmental conditions and phytopathogenic load are the key factors contributing to high yields that should be taken into account in selecting donors for resistance and high manifestation of valuable traits. The study of leaf rust resistance in 49 common wheat varieties was carried out in the field against the natural pathogen background and under laboratory conditions using single-pustule isolates with virulence to Lr9 and Lr24. It has been shown that the varieties carrying alien genes Lr6Agi2 (Tulaikovskaya 10) and Lr6Agi1 (Voevoda) were resistant to leaf rust infection both in the field and in the laboratory. Varieties KWS Buran, KWS Akvilon, KW 240-3-13, and Etyud producing crop yields from 417 to 514 g/m2 comparable to the best standard variety Sibirskaya 17 can be reasonably used as Lr24 resistance gene donors under West Siberian conditions. Omskaya 44 variety showing crop yield of 440g/m2 can be used as a donor for Lr19 and partially effective Lr26. Varieties Tuleevskaya and Altayskaya 110 with Lr9 in their genomes are recommended for the development of resistance gene-pyramided genotypes. The highest protein and gluten contents were observed in the CS2A/2M sample, while KWS Buran, Altayskaya 110, Volgouralskaya, and KWS Akvilon showed the lowest values. Varieties CS2A/2M, Tulaikovskaya 10, Pavon, and Tuleevskaya were ranked the highest in micro- (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe) and macronutrient (Ca, Mg, K) contents among the common wheat samples from the collection, while the lowest values for most elements were observed in KWS Buran, Novosibirskaya 15, and Volgouralskaya. Winter varieties demonstrating leaf rust resistance against the infectious background typically carry adult plant resistance genes (Lr34, Lr12, and Lr13), particularly combined with the juvenile Lr26 gene. The presence of Lr41 in a winter type line (KS 93 U 62) allowed it to maintain resistance against a leaf rust pathogen clone kLr24, despite the presence of Lr24 in the genotype. Varieties Doka and Cheshskaya 17 may act as donors of resistance genes Lr26 + Lr34 and Lr9 + Lr12 + Lr13 + Lr34, as well as sources of dwarfing without losses in winter hardiness and yield under West Siberian conditions.

The gene Sr38 for bread wheat breeding in Western Siberia.

Present-day wheat breeding for immunity exploits extensively closely related species from the family Triticeae as gene donors. The 2NS/2AS translocation has been introduced into the genome of the cultivated cereal Triticum aestivum from the wild relative T. ventricosum. It contains the Lr37, Yr17, and Sr38 genes, which support seedling resistance to the pathogens Puccinia triticina Eriks., P. striiformis West. f. sp. tritici, and P. graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn, which cause brown, yellow, and stem rust of wheat, respectively. This translocation is present in the varieties Trident, Madsen, and Rendezvous grown worldwide and in the Russian varieties Morozko, Svarog, Graf, Marquis, and Homer bred in southern regions. However, the Sr38 gene has not yet been introduced into commercial varieties in West Siberia; thus, it remains of practical importance for breeding in areas where populations of P. graminis f. sp. tritici are represented by avirulent clones. The main goal of this work was to analyze the frequency of clones (a)virulent to the Sr38 gene in an extended West Siberian collection of stem rust agent isolates. In 2019-2020, 139 single pustule isolates of P. graminis f. sp. tritici were obtained on seedlings of the standard susceptible cultivar Khakasskaya in an environmentally controlled laboratory (Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS) from samples of urediniospores collected on commercial and experimental bread wheat f ields in the Novosibirsk, Omsk, Altai, and Krasnoyarsk regions. By inoculating test wheat genotypes carrying Sr38 (VPM1 and Trident), variations in the purity of (a)virulent clones were detected in geographical samples of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. In general, clones avirulent to Sr38 constitute 60 % of the West Siberian fungus population, whereas not a single virulent isolate was detected in the Krasnoyarsk collection. The Russian breeding material was screened for sources of the stem rust resistance gene by using molecular markers specif ic to the 2NS/2AS translocation. A collection of hybrid lines and varieties of bread spring wheat adapted to West Siberia (Omsk SAU) was analyzed to identify accessions promising for the region. The presence of the gene was postulated by genotyping with specif ic primers (VENTRIUP-LN2) and phytopathological tests with avirulent clones of the fungus. Dominant Sr38 alleles were identif ied in Lutescens 12-18, Lutescens 81-17, Lutescens 66-16, Erythrospermum 79/07, 9-31, and 8-26. On the grounds of the composition of the West Siberian P. graminis f. sp. tritici population, the Sr38 gene can be considered a candidate for pyramiding genotypes promising for the Novosibirsk, Altai, and Krasnoyarsk regions.

[Small salivary glands in the paratonsillar space in children]. / Malye slyunnye zhelezy v paratonzillyarnom prostranstve u detei.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to study the changes in the small salivary glands in chronic tonsillitis and paratonsillar abscess in children. A histological examination of the palatine tonsils of 22 children aged 5 to 14 years old who had a paratonsillar abscess and 18 children suffering from chronic tonsillitis was carried out. Fragments of small salivary glands, located both superficially, in the mucous membrane between the stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium and the lymphoid tissue of the palatine tonsils, and between the muscles of the amygdala were found in 42 of the 80 (52.5%) tonsils studied. Along with the unchanged glandular structure, 26 (61.9%) samples revealed areas of destruction foci in small salivary glands with signs of inflammatory and compensatory regenerative activity. The presence of separate interlobular ducts of the salivary glands with pronounced periductal lymph - macrophage infiltration was noted. The subepithelial lymph-macrophage infiltrates found in the lamina propria are associated with the exit of the excretory ducts of the salivary glands to the surface of the mucous membrane. Many thin-walled veins are surrounded by perivascular lymphocellular infiltrates. The inflammatory and post-inflammatory changes in the small salivary glands revealed by us in children with chronic tonsillitis do not exclude their participation in the pathogenesis of paratonsillitis. At the same time, inflammation in the salivary gland can be both primary, as a result of its infection with live microorganisms from the tissues of the tonsil, and secondary, due to the compression of the excretory ducts by the edematous tissue of the tonsil in acute tonsillitis.

[MICROBIAL MARKERS OF CHRONIC CATARAL GINGIVITIS IN TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPARATUS].

A side effect of treating children with fixed orthodontic equipment (FOE) is the deterioration of the oral microbiota and, as a typical consequence, a significant increase in the risk of chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG). The problem is to calculate the specified risk for each specific child, and its modern solution using models subjected to the machine learning procedure requires the identification of microbial and other markers of the process of formation of oral microbiota in the presence of FOE in healthy children and children with CCG. The identification of such markers was the main goal of this study. The experiment consisted in monitoring this process by four dental and nineteen microbial parameters at the third, sixth and twelfth month of orthodontic treatment of 30 non-sick and 32 patients with CCG having healthy periodontal tissues before the FOE. Markers were detected by correlation, principal component (PCA), factor and cluster analyzes of the obtained experimental data. As a result, a marker rating of the studied microbial and dental parameters was built, and most importantly, it was shown that the microorganisms Veillonella spp., Neisseria spp., Lactobacillus spp., Enterobacteriaceae spp. and some others have pronounced properties of markers of the process of formation of oral microbiota in the presence of FOE in healthy children and children with CCG.

Probiotics and nutraceuticals as a new frontier in obesity prevention and management.

INTRODUCTION: The beneficial interaction between the microbiota and humans is how bacteria contained within the gut 'talk' to the immune system and in this landscape, probiotics and nutraceuticals play a major role. The study aims to determine whether probiotics plus nutraceuticals such as smectite or omega-3 are superior to probiotic alone on the monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced obesity model in rats. METHODS: Totally, 75 rats divided into five groups were included (n = 15, in each). Rats in group I were intact. Newborn rats in groups II-V were injected with MSG. Group III (Symbiter) received 2.5 ml/kg of multiprobiotic "Symbiter" containing concentrated biomass of 14 probiotic bacteria genera. Groups IV (Symbiter-Omega) and V (Symbiter-Smectite) received a combination of probiotic biomass supplemented with flax and wheat germ oil (250 mg of each, concentration of omega-3 fatty acids 1-5%) or smectite gel (250 mg), respectively. RESULTS: In all interventional groups, significant reductions of total body and visceral adipose tissue weight as compared to MSG-obesity were observed. However, the lowest prevalence of obesity was noted for Symbiter-Omega (20% vs 33.3% as compared to other interventional groups). Moreover, supplementation of probiotics with omega-3 lead to a more pronounced decrease in HOMA-IR (2.31 ±â€¯0.13 vs 4.02 ±â€¯0.33, p < 0.001) and elevation of adiponectin levels (5.67 ±â€¯0.39 vs 2.61 ±â€¯0.27, P < 0.001), compared to the obesity group. CONCLUSION: Probiotics and nutraceuticals led to a significantly lower prevalence of obesity, reduction of insulin resistance, total and VAT weight. Our study demonstrated that supplementation of probiotics with omega-3 may have the most beneficial antiobesity properties.

[The miRNA aberrant expression dependence on DNA methylation in HeLa cells treated with mitomycin C].

The dependence of expression of miRNAs and their precursors (pre-miRNAs) on the DNA methylation level in HeLa cells 8 days after mitomycin C treatment was studied. A massive parallel DNA sequencing method was applied to analyze miRNA expression. 5-Azacytidine (DNA methylation inhibitor) was added to the medium 6 days after mutagenic agent exposure. The results indicated that the change in expression for some mature miRNAs (39 of 61) was accompanied by the change in the expression of their pre-miRNAs, while there were no significant changes in the expression of pre-miRNA for other mature miRNAs (22 of 61). The aberrant expression was maintained by 8 of 61 mature miRNAs and 6 of 55 pre-miRNAs in the induced HeLa cells after 5-azacytidine treatment. In addition, the expression of more than 90% of miRNAs, which indicated a significant change in expression after mitomycin C treatment, does not depend or depends slightly on the DNA methylation level in HeLa cells without mitomycin C treatment. The results suggest that mitomycin C induces aberrant DNA methylation which affects maintenance of changes in the miRNA expression in cell generations after mutagen treatment.

The Microbial Diversity and Its Dynamics in the Ethnic Fermented Foods of the Black Sea Region.

Homemade fermented food is a valuable source of biologically active prebiotic substances and probiotic microorganisms. Five prioritized ethnic fermented foods from the Black Sea region: Bosa (Bulgaria), Socata (Romania), Kvass (Russia), fermented beans (Turkey) and Sauerkraut (Ukraine), based on the original recipes using unique microbial starters were studied. The dynamics of microbial compositions during the fermentation process of each product was clarifed and the best combination of lactobacilli starters needed to reproduce the original formulations were defned. In addition to our earlier published data these results demonstrate the opportunity to design novel food products which might be used in the practical implementation of personalized diets.

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501(®) , Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502(®) and SYNBIO(®) against pathogens.

AIMS: Probiotic lactobacilli have a great potential to produce antimicrobial compounds that inhibit and control the microbial pathogen growth. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501(®) and Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502(®) , and their 1 : 1 combination, named SYNBIO(®) , were studied using four different methods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using two modified streak methods and a well diffusion method, the inhibitory activity of the probiotics and their metabolites towards six Gram-positive, nine Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial strains and eight Candida strains was tested. Antagonistic effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains was also investigated by coculturing assay highlighting a significant inhibition of most of the pathogens tested in this study. The combination SYNBIO(®) showed a microbicidal activity against most of the strains tested in the study. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the control, most of the pathogenic bacteria and yeast were inhibited by all probiotic strains tested to various degrees. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Screening Lactobacillus strains according to their activity in various environmental conditions could precede the clinical efficacy studies for adjunct treatment with probiotics in cure of different gastrointestinal and vaginal tract infections.

Separation and study of the range of plasminogen isoforms in patients with prostate cancer.

Using affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, plasminogen isoforms were separated and identified in blood plasma. Healthy donors and patients with prostate cancer in various stages of development were included in the studied sample. With the development of prostate cancer, four additional specific plasminogen isoforms are registered in blood plasma; they are characterized by lower molecular weights and higher pI values compared to isoforms found in the control group.

Activation of RegIIIbeta/gamma and interferon gamma expression in the intestinal tract of SCID mice: an innate response to bacterial colonisation of the gut.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The mechanisms by which commensal bacteria provoke intestinal inflammation in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain incompletely defined, leading to increasing interest in the innate immune response of the colonic mucosa to bacterial colonisation. METHODS: Using gene expression profiling of colonic RNA from C.B17.SCID germ free mice and those colonised with altered Schaedler's flora, we investigated the innate immune response to bacterial colonisation in vivo. The two most consistently induced gene groups were RegIIIbeta and gamma as well as interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) response genes. RESULTS: Using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we showed that RegIIIbeta, RegIIIgamma, and IFN-gamma were constitutively expressed in the colon of conventionally housed SCID mice compared with either germ free SCID or conventionally housed BALB/c mice. Induction of these genes was reproduced by chronic monoassociation of germ free SCID mice with either of two separate gut commensal bacterial species-segmented filamentous bacteria and Schaedler's Escherichia coli. The cellular source for IFN-gamma on monoassociation of SCID mice with Schaedler's E coli was localised to a subset of intraepithelial natural killer (IENK) cells that express asialo-GM1. In vivo IFN-gamma immunoneutralisation studies failed to demonstrate any alteration in RegIIIbeta or gamma expression. CONCLUSIONS: Thus bacterial colonisation of the colon independently activates two distinct innate immune cell types at the mucosal interface with the colonic lumen, intestinal epithelial cells, and IENK cells, a response that may be regulated by the adaptive immune system. These innate immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of colitis in SCID adoptive transfer models in mice and possibly in patients with IBD.