ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Se presenta un análisis sobre la identidad organizacional y el rol ocupacional de los y las gendarmes pertenecientes al Centro de Detención Preventiva Santiago Sur desde el concepto de "trabajo sucio" y una perspectiva de género. Metodología: Se realizaron diez entrevistas semiestructuradas a gendarmes cinco gendarmes hombres y cinco gendarmes mujeres en cuanto a su rol e identidad organizacional, ocupacional, profesional y personal. Resultados: Se verificaron diferencias de género en cuanto a la configuración de sus identidades personales y ocupacionales, situación que no es replicada en el plano de sus identidades organizacionales y profesionales, que tienden a compartir. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias significativas en la forma en la que los y las gendarmes desarrollan su identidad personal, y que radican principalmente en la relevancia que atribuyen a los roles e identidades asociadas con la vida familiar. En cuanto a las restantes dimensiones identitarias, se identificaron importantes similitudes en cuanto a valores y creencias que los sujetos expresan y vivencian; estas parecen vincularse a prácticas y a una cultura tradicional y conservadora institucional en materia de género. Alcance: La investigación es de carácter exploratorio y busca aportar antecedentes empíricos sobre los cuales basar futuras investigaciones en este campo.
Objective: An analysis is presented on the organisational identity and occupational role of the gendarmes belonging to the Santiago Sur Preventive Detention Centre from the concept of "dirty work" and a gender perspective. Methodology: Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with gendarmes -five male gendarmes and five female gendarmes- regarding their organisational, occupational, professional and personal roles and identities. Results: Gender differences were found in the configuration of their personal and occupational identities, a situation that is not replicated in their organisational and professional identities, which tend to be shared by both gendarmes and gendarmes. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the way in which gendarmes develop their personal identities, which lie mainly in the relevance they attribute to the roles and identities associated with family life. As for the remaining identity dimensions, important similarities were identified in terms of the values and beliefs that the subjects express and experience; these seem to be linked to traditional and conservative institutional gender practices and culture. Scope: The research is exploratory in nature and seeks to provide empirical background on which to base future research in this field.
Objetivo: Apresenta-se uma análise da identidade organizacional e do papel ocupacional dos gendarmes pertencentes ao Centro de Detenção Preventiva Santiago Sur a partir do conceito de "trabalho sujo" e de uma perspectiva de gênero. Metodologia: Foram realizadas dez entrevistas semiestruturadas com policiais - cinco homens e cinco mulheres - sobre seus papéis e identidades organizacionais, ocupacionais, profissionais e pessoais. Resultados: Foram verificadas diferenças de gênero em termos da configuração de suas identidades pessoais e ocupacionais, uma situação que não se repete no nível de suas identidades organizacionais e profissionais, que elas tendem a compartilhar. Conclusões: Existem diferenças significativas na forma como os gendarmes desenvolvem suas identidades pessoais, que residem principalmente na relevância que atribuem aos papéis e identidades associados à vida familiar. Quanto às demais dimensões da identidade, foram identificadas semelhanças importantes em termos dos valores e crenças que os sujeitos expressam e vivenciam, que parecem estar ligados às práticas e à cultura de gênero institucionais tradicionais e conservadoras. Escopo: A pesquisa é de natureza exploratória e busca fornecer antecedentes empíricos que sirvam de base para futuras pesquisas nesse campo
Subject(s)
HumansABSTRACT
Se ha identificado una sobrecarga laboral en mujeres durante el embarazo. Suelen presentar una alta prevalencia de trastornos mús culo-esqueléticos, no obstante existe poca evidencia sobre su progresión en los trimestres y asociación con carga de trabajo. OBJETIVO: Describir la carga de trabajo, factor físico biomecánico y percepción de molestias músculo-esqueléticas (PMME) en trabajadoras embara zadas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio de diseño observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Muestreo por conveniencia de 80 mujeres emba razadas de la Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Se describe la muestra a través de la evaluación de carga de trabajo, factores físicos biomecánicos, dificultades percibidas al realizar su tarea mediante una hoja de recolección de información diseñada específicamente para la investigación, usan do metodología en ergonomía. RESULTADOS: Las PMME presentan una prevalencia de un 90%, destacando la zona de la espalda baja y cadera/nalgas/muslos. Las posturas mantenidas o forzadas fueron el factor más prevalente. Una de cada 6 embarazadas refirieron continuar realizando manejo manual de carga. La mayoría de las trabaja doras presentaron un alto riesgo en su carga de trabajo. CONCLUSIONES PRINCIPALES: Las embarazadas están expuestas a altos niveles de carga de trabajo determinado por exigencia mental.
It have been detected overload work among women during preg nancy. Often they present a high prevalence on HYPERLINK “https://www.google.cl/search?q=work+related+musculoskeletal+disorder&spell=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiw2IS2gePTAhWDD5AKHbK5DcoQvwUIIigA” work related musculoskeletal disorder; however there is little evidence about their progression during the pregnancy's trimester and the association with work load. OBJECTIVE: Describe work load, physical and biomechanical factors, perception of musculoskeletal discomfort (PMSD) in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Sampling by convenience of 80 pregnant women of the Maternal-fetal care unit of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. The sample is described trough the evaluation of workload, physical and biome chanical factors, trouble performing tasks by means of a sheet of collection of information created for this investigation, using ergo nomics methodology. RESULTS: The PMSD present a prevalence of 90%, stands out the lower back and hips/buttocks/thigh areas. The forced or maintained postures ware the most prevalent factor. One in six pregnant women referred continuing performing weight manual handling tasks. Most of the women presents high workload. MAIN CONCLUSION: Pregnant women are exposed to high levels of workload determined by mental exigence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Women, Working , Biomechanical Phenomena , Workload , Musculoskeletal Pain/psychology , Ergonomics , Chile , Pilot Projects , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Analysis of Variance , Maternal-Child Health Services , Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology , Hospitals, UniversityABSTRACT
La consideración de la carga mental de trabajo es una de las dimensiones que ha ido ganado terreno en la preocupación de aquellos que se interesan en las condiciones de trabajo y la efectividad del desempeño humano. No obstante, tal como ya lo constatara Gillet (Gillet 1987) hace más de veinte años, a pesar de la creciente popularidad de este concepto, su definición y alcances resulta aún ser problemático. Se revisa en este artículo la trayectoria histórica del concepto y del estado del arte en materia de carga mental de trabajo, antecedentes relacionados con los procesos de formación de recursos cognitivos, emocionales y sociales involucrados en el enfrentamiento de exigencias laborales, así como metodologías disponibles para la evaluación de la carga mental de trabajo.
Consideration of mental load of work is one dimension that has been gaining ground in the concern of those who are interested in working conditions and the effectiveness of human performance. However, as observed by Gillet (Gillet 1987) more than twenty years ago, despite the growing popularity of this concept, its definition and scope arestill problematic. This article reviews the historical development of the concept and of the state of the art in mental load of work; background related to the processes of cognitive resources formation; emotional and social elements involved in dealing with work requirements as well as methodologies available for the evaluation of mental load of work.
Subject(s)
Mental Fatigue , Working Conditions , WorkloadABSTRACT
Liver disease is a well-known cause of early morbidity and mortality affecting 80% of patients receiving allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation (BMT). Drug toxicity, veno-occlusive disease (VOD), acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and fungal, bacterial, and viral infections are the most frequent hepatic complications during this period. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence and etiology of liver disease and its impact on mortality as well as to assess the predictive value of pre BMT hepatic biochemical tests on the subsequent occurrence of acute and/or chronic GVHD and patient mortality. Of a total of 236 patients who underwent allogeneic BMT, 82 were analysed. Liver dysfunction was found in 88%. The causes of liver disease were: acute GVHD, 40.2%; chronic GVHD, 15.9%; unknown, 9.8%; sepsis, 7.3%; hepatotoxicity, 6.1%; VOD, 3.7%; acute hepatitis and disease recurrence, 2.4%. The mortality rate was 37%. We found acute liver failure (ALF) in 10% of the deaths (8 patients). The causes of ALF in these cases were acute GVHD progression in 5, herpetic hepatitis in 1, disease recurrence in 1, and VOD in 1. The correlation coefficients indicating positive predictive values of pre BMT hepatic biochemical tests for the subsequent occurrence of acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and mortality were 0.27, 0.14, and 0.43, respectively. There was no significant difference between patients with abnormal or normal pre BMT liver function tests in the frequency of acute and chronic GVHD or mortality.
Subject(s)
Graft vs Host Disease/epidemiology , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Liver Diseases/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Argentina/epidemiology , Female , Graft vs Host Disease/etiology , Graft vs Host Disease/mortality , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/mortality , Humans , Liver Diseases/etiology , Liver Diseases/mortality , Liver Failure, Acute/epidemiology , Liver Failure, Acute/etiology , Liver Failure, Acute/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , Transaminases/analysisABSTRACT
Liver disease is a well-known cause of early morbidity and mortality affecting 80
of patients receiving allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation (BMT). Drug toxicity, veno-occlusive disease (VOD), acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and fungal, bacterial, and viral infections are the most frequent hepatic complications during this period. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence and etiology of liver disease and its impact on mortality as well as to assess the predictive value of pre BMT hepatic biochemical tests on the subsequent occurrence of acute and/or chronic GVHD and patient mortality. Of a total of 236 patients who underwent allogeneic BMT, 82 were analysed. Liver dysfunction was found in 88
. The causes of liver disease were: acute GVHD, 40.2
; chronic GVHD, 15.9
; unknown, 9.8
; sepsis, 7.3
; hepatotoxicity, 6.1
; VOD, 3.7
; acute hepatitis and disease recurrence, 2.4
. The mortality rate was 37
. We found acute liver failure (ALF) in 10
of the deaths (8 patients). The causes of ALF in these cases were acute GVHD progression in 5, herpetic hepatitis in 1, disease recurrence in 1, and VOD in 1. The correlation coefficients indicating positive predictive values of pre BMT hepatic biochemical tests for the subsequent occurrence of acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and mortality were 0.27, 0.14, and 0.43, respectively. There was no significant difference between patients with abnormal or normal pre BMT liver function tests in the frequency of acute and chronic GVHD or mortality.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the most widely used indicator of kidney function in patients with renal disease, although it does not invariably reflect functional status after renal injury. The concept of renal functional reserve (RFR) as the ability of the kidney to increase GFR following a protein load was introduced in the 1980s. In this study we evaluated the RFR test in 26 children who had developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) at least 2 years before the first evaluation, then 8 years later. At the beginning of the study they had no signs of proteinuria, hypertension or renal insufficiency. RFR was also evaluated in 15 healthy control children. METHODS: Proteinuria and creatinine in serum and urine were tested. Functional reserve index (FRI) was defined in order to evaluate RFR. Patients with FRI level >1.36 were considered as responders (R) and with FRI <1.36 as non-responders (NR). RESULTS: R and NR groups failed to show any significant differences when basal creatinine clearance (C(Cr)) was evaluated. The NR group presented a significant low initial FRI that persisted unchanged at the end of the study. These patients developed proteinuria and a renal protector treatment with protein restriction was indicated. Although the proteinuria diminished, it remained within pathological range. The lack of RFR response in the NR group was significantly related to the presence of oliguria lasting longer than 8 days during the acute phase of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Those patients with a previous history of HUS with normal basal C(Cr) should be evaluated by the RFR test to detect those at risk of developing glomerular hyperfiltration.
Subject(s)
Glomerular Filtration Rate , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/physiopathology , Kidney/physiopathology , Adolescent , Child , Creatinine/blood , Creatinine/urine , Diet, Protein-Restricted , Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage , Dietary Proteins/adverse effects , Disease Susceptibility , Early Diagnosis , Female , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Humans , Male , Metabolic Clearance Rate , Oliguria/etiology , Proteinuria/etiology , Proteinuria/therapy , Time FactorsABSTRACT
El uso de la transfusión de granulocitos en pacientes neutropénicos severos (< 500 x 10 9/l neutrófilos), que padecen infecciones bacterianas o micóticas concomitantes, es un tema que está siendo debatido en cuanto a efectividad, pero no en cuanto a factibilidad y seguridad para pacientes y donantes. Fueron evaluados 5 pacientes con neutropenia severa e infección concomitante, quienes recibieron transfusiones de granulocitos provenientes de 11 donantes. La obtención de granulocitos se realizó previa estimulación con una sola dosis de factor estimulante de colonias granulocíticas (FEC-G) (300 µg por vía subcutánea, 12 horas antes del procedimiento de recolección), usando separador de flujo continuo COBE Spectra. Fue utilizado HES ("hidroxi-etil-almidón") como agente sedimentante junto con citrato trisódico empleado como anticoagulante. El procedimiento de leucoaféresis consistió en el procesamiento de un volumen de 3,88 a 8,50 litros de sangre durante 85 a 150 minutos, no observándose efectos adversos. El promedio de obtención de granulocitos fue de 40,92 x 10 9/litro (rango, 15,69 a 57,55). La estimulación con FEC-G permitió aumentar significativamente la recolección de células polimorfonucleares, pero una evaluación futura permitirá sacar mayores conclusiones sobre la efectividad y seguridad para donantes de este procedimiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Female , Blood Donors , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor , Granulocytes , Neutropenia , Acute Disease , Infusions, Intravenous , Leukapheresis/methods , Blood Component Transfusion/methodsABSTRACT
El uso de la transfusión de granulocitos en pacientes neutropénicos severos (< 500 x 10 9/l neutrófilos), que padecen infecciones bacterianas o micóticas concomitantes, es un tema que está siendo debatido en cuanto a efectividad, pero no en cuanto a factibilidad y seguridad para pacientes y donantes. Fueron evaluados 5 pacientes con neutropenia severa e infección concomitante, quienes recibieron transfusiones de granulocitos provenientes de 11 donantes. La obtención de granulocitos se realizó previa estimulación con una sola dosis de factor estimulante de colonias granulocíticas (FEC-G) (300 Ag por vía subcutánea, 12 horas antes del procedimiento de recolección), usando separador de flujo continuo COBE Spectra. Fue utilizado HES ("hidroxi-etil-almidón") como agente sedimentante junto con citrato trisódico empleado como anticoagulante. El procedimiento de leucoaféresis consistió en el procesamiento de un volumen de 3,88 a 8,50 litros de sangre durante 85 a 150 minutos, no observándose efectos adversos. El promedio de obtención de granulocitos fue de 40,92 x 10 9/litro (rango, 15,69 a 57,55). La estimulación con FEC-G permitió aumentar significativamente la recolección de células polimorfonucleares, pero una evaluación futura permitirá sacar mayores conclusiones sobre la efectividad y seguridad para donantes de este procedimiento. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Female , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/therapeutic use , Granulocytes , Blood Donors , Neutropenia/therapy , Acute Disease , Leukapheresis/methods , Blood Component Transfusion/methods , Infusions, Intravenous/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the role of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in prolonging disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who received autografts of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive or Ph negative cell harvests. METHODS: Over a 4-year period (1994-1999), 53 patients who underwent ASCT for CML were reported to the Argentine Group of Bone Marrow Transplantation (GATMO) Registry. RESULTS: Ph negative cell products were harvested in only 18 patients (34%). Comparison of disease status at the time of autograft, duration of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, days of antibiotics, and transfusional requirements of red blood cells and platelets did not reveal statistical significant differences between the Ph positive group and the Ph negative group. Only days of hospitalization were increased significantly in patients who received Ph positive autografts. Although DFS at 36 months was significantly longer after infusion of Ph negative cell products (54% vs. 14%; P Subject(s)
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
, Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/therapy
, Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
, Adolescent
, Adult
, Disease-Free Survival
, Female
, Hospitalization
, Humans
, Length of Stay
, Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
, Male
, Middle Aged
, Retrospective Studies
, Transplantation, Autologous
, Treatment Outcome
ABSTRACT
Few cases of Kawasaki disease with acute renal failure have been described and only three articles report histological findings. We present an 8-year-old boy with typical Kawasaki disease and acute renal failure who did not require dialysis and had a complete recovery. Pathological findings in percutaneous biopsy included tubulointerstitial nephropathy with mild mesangial expansion, without vessel involvement or deposits in basal membrane. These findings were similar to those previously reported. We also detected apoptotic bodies in tubules.
Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications , Acute Kidney Injury/pathology , Acute Kidney Injury/physiopathology , Child , Humans , Kidney/pathology , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Recovery of FunctionABSTRACT
La proteinuria masiva causa daño renal progresivo y la ciclosporina puede representar una alternativa para suprimirla o reducirla. Objetivos: 1) evaluar la eficacia de la ciclosporina A para disminuir la proteinuria masiva hasta un rango no nefrótico en pacientes con síndrome nefrótico primario corticorresistente y corticodependiente, 2) evaluar los efectos colaterales del tratamiento. Pacientes y métodos: se incluyeron 14 pacientes (9 varones; edad media: 5 años, r=2-7):13 con síndrome nefrótico corticorresistente y uno con síndrome nefrótico corticodependiente primarios, todos con histología de esclerosis focal y segmentaria en la biopsia previa al estudio. Se administró ciclosporina A 5 mg/kg/día o 150 mg/m2/día. Se realizaron controles mensuales de: ciclosporinemia, ionogramas séricos y urinarios, clearence de creatinina, acidos úricos séricos y urinarios, proteinograma, proteinuria/día, lipidograma, magnesemia y megnesuria, osmolaridades séricas y urinarias, hepatograma, hemograma, ureas en sangre y orina. Cinco pacientes fueron sometidos a otra biopsia luego de 16 meses de tratamiento. Resultados: 5 pacientes tuvieron remisión de la proteinuria por debajo del rango nefrótico (35,7 por ciento): 4 con sídrome nefrótico corticorresistente, 1 con síndrome nefrótico corticodependiente. En 9 pacientes con síndrome nefrótico corticorresistente (64,2 por ciento), no hubo un descenso significativo en la proteinuria, todos tenían un daño tubolointersticial severo en la biopsia renal previa a la ciclosporina. Los 14 pacientes mantuvieron una ciclosporinemia promedio <150ng/ml durante el tratamiento. Los efectos colaterales fueron: parestesias de miembros inferiores (3 pacientes), hiperplasia gingival (3), hiperkaliemia (1 paciente). El tratamiento duró 16 meses. Conclusiones: La ciclosporina A tuvo escasa eficacia para reducir la proteinuria. Se observó una alta incidencia de resistencia en el grupo con daño tubolointersticial severo pretratamiento. Con ciclosporinemias promedio menores a 150 ng/ml, los efectos colaterales fueron controlables.
Subject(s)
Cyclosporine , Nephrotic Syndrome , ProteinuriaABSTRACT
La proteinuria masiva causa daño renal progresivo y la ciclosporina puede representar una alternativa para suprimirla o reducirla. Objetivos: 1) evaluar la eficacia de la ciclosporina A para disminuir la proteinuria masiva hasta un rango no nefrótico en pacientes con síndrome nefrótico primario corticorresistente y corticodependiente, 2) evaluar los efectos colaterales del tratamiento. Pacientes y métodos: se incluyeron 14 pacientes (9 varones; edad media: 5 años, r=2-7):13 con síndrome nefrótico corticorresistente y uno con síndrome nefrótico corticodependiente primarios, todos con histología de esclerosis focal y segmentaria en la biopsia previa al estudio. Se administró ciclosporina A 5 mg/kg/día o 150 mg/m2/día. Se realizaron controles mensuales de: ciclosporinemia, ionogramas séricos y urinarios, clearence de creatinina, acidos úricos séricos y urinarios, proteinograma, proteinuria/día, lipidograma, magnesemia y megnesuria, osmolaridades séricas y urinarias, hepatograma, hemograma, ureas en sangre y orina. Cinco pacientes fueron sometidos a otra biopsia luego de 16 meses de tratamiento. Resultados: 5 pacientes tuvieron remisión de la proteinuria por debajo del rango nefrótico (35,7 por ciento): 4 con sídrome nefrótico corticorresistente, 1 con síndrome nefrótico corticodependiente. En 9 pacientes con síndrome nefrótico corticorresistente (64,2 por ciento), no hubo un descenso significativo en la proteinuria, todos tenían un daño tubolointersticial severo en la biopsia renal previa a la ciclosporina. Los 14 pacientes mantuvieron una ciclosporinemia promedio <150ng/ml durante el tratamiento. Los efectos colaterales fueron: parestesias de miembros inferiores (3 pacientes), hiperplasia gingival (3), hiperkaliemia (1 paciente). El tratamiento duró 16 meses. Conclusiones: La ciclosporina A tuvo escasa eficacia para reducir la proteinuria. Se observó una alta incidencia de resistencia en el grupo con daño tubolointersticial severo pretratamiento. Con ciclosporinemias promedio menores a 150 ng/ml, los efectos colaterales fueron controlables.(AU)