ABSTRACT
Introducción: La epilepsia es uno de los trastornos neurológicos más frecuentes de la infancia, presentándose en un 0,5-1%. Aproximadamente un 20-30% de los pacientes son farmacorresistentes. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir en 30 pacientes el impacto sobre las crisis y la calidad de vida del estimulador del nervio vago (ENV). Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, mediante revisión de las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes a quienes se les colocó el ENV entre el 2008 y 2013 en nuestro centro. La calidad de vida fue valorada mediante la escala de calidad de vida en el niño con epilepsia (CAVE), obtenida por medio de una entrevista telefónica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 19 niños (64%) y 11 niñas (36%) con una mediana de comienzo de las crisis de 21 meses (1-144 meses). La edad promedio de colocación del ENV fue de 11,89 años. El tiempo de seguimiento fue de 6-36 meses. A los 6 meses la reducción de las crisis en promedio fue del 38%, a los 12 meses del 43%, a los 24 meses del 42% y a los 36 meses del 54%. De todos los pacientes evaluados al menos un 50% se catalogaron como respondedores. Según la CAVE un 54% de las familias encontró el efecto del ENV como bueno o muy bueno y un 39% como regular. Conclusiones: El ENV es un tratamiento paliativo, generalmente bien tolerado, parcialmente efectivo para el control de la epilepsia refractaria en pediatría y con repercusiones positivas sobre la calidad de vida
Introduction: Epilepsy, which is present in 0.5% to 1% of the paediatric population, is one of the most frequent childhood neurological disorders. Approximately 20% to 30% of these cases will be drug-resistant. The objective of this study is to describe the impact of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) on seizures and quality of life in a sample of 30 patients. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective study of all patients with a VNS device implanted between 2008 and 2013 in a single paediatric hospital, based on patients medical records. Quality of life was assessed using the Spanish scale for quality of life in children with epilepsy, completed by means of a telephone interview. Results: We describe a population of 19 boys (64%) and 11 girls (36%) with a mean age at seizure onset of 21 months (1-144 months). The mean age of VNS implantation was 11.89 years. Follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 36 months. Mean reduction in seizures at 6 months was 38%, with a reduction of 43% at 12 months, 42% at 24 months, and 54% at 36 months. At least half of all patients were classified as responders. According to the quality of life scale, 54% of the families rated the effect of VNS as either very good or good while 39% rated it as fair. Conclusions: VNS is a safe palliative treatment that is generally well tolerated. It is partially effective for controlling drug-resistant epilepsy and exerts a positive effect on quality of life
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Vagus Nerve Stimulation/instrumentation , Vagus Nerve Stimulation/methods , Vagus Nerve Stimulation , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Epilepsy/rehabilitation , Epilepsy/therapy , Quality of Life , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Neurophysiology/instrumentation , Neurophysiology/methods , Epilepsy , Vagus Nerve , Linear ModelsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy, which is present in 0.5% to 1% of the paediatric population, is one of the most frequent childhood neurological disorders. Approximately 20% to 30% of these cases will be drug-resistant. The objective of this study is to describe the impact of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) on seizures and quality of life in a sample of 30 patients. METHODS: Descriptive, retrospective study of all patients with a VNS device implanted between 2008 and 2013 in a single paediatric hospital, based on patients' medical records. Quality of life was assessed using the Spanish scale for quality of life in children with epilepsy, completed by means of a telephone interview. RESULTS: We describe a population of 19 boys (64%) and 11 girls (36%) with a mean age at seizure onset of 21 months (1-144 months). The mean age of VNS implantation was 11.89 years. Follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 36 months. Mean reduction in seizures at 6 months was 38%, with a reduction of 43% at 12 months, 42% at 24 months, and 54% at 36 months. At least half of all patients were classified as responders. According to the quality of life scale, 54% of the families rated the effect of VNS as either very good or good while 39% rated it as fair. CONCLUSIONS: VNS is a safe palliative treatment that is generally well tolerated. It is partially effective for controlling drug-resistant epilepsy and exerts a positive effect on quality of life.
Subject(s)
Drug Resistant Epilepsy/therapy , Quality of Life , Vagus Nerve Stimulation/instrumentation , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hospitals, Pediatric , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Seizures/etiology , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Febrile seizures are one of the most frequent reasons why patients visit the healthcare specialist. Up until now, patients with complex febrile seizures (CFS) have been hospitalised, bearing in mind the higher percentages of epilepsy and acute complications that were classically reported. Today there are studies that back the idea of being less invasive in the management of these patients. AIMS. To describe the characteristics of patients hospitalised due to CFS and to propose a new protocol to be followed in dealing with such cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of patients hospitalised because of CFS (January 2010-December 2013) were analysed retrospectively. Epidemiological and clinical data are presented, together with information from complementary tests and about development. RESULTS: CFS account for 4.2% of all neuropaediatric cases of admittance to hospital in (67 patients). Mean age at the time of the event: 25 months. A pathological family history existed in 47% of cases, and 31% had a previous personal history of febrile seizures. The CFS lasted less than five minutes in 54% of patients; there were also recurrences, most of them with a total of two crises and during the first day (CFS due to recurrence are the most frequent). None of the complementary tests that were carried out were of any use as a diagnostic aid during the acute phase. During their follow-up, five patients presented complications. Patients with a family history of febrile seizures presented a higher risk of epilepsy or recurrence (p = 0.02), with no significant differences as regards age, number of seizures, febrile interval, epileptic status or type of CFS. CONCLUSIONS: The CFS are not associated with greater acute complications, and the complementary examinations do not allow high-risk patients to be distinguished at an early stage. Hospitalising them could be avoided in the absence of other clinical signs and symptoms, and thus be limited to selected cases.
TITLE: Crisis febriles complejas: debemos cambiar nuestro modo de actuacion?Introduccion. Las convulsiones febriles son una de las causas mas frecuentes de consulta. Hasta ahora, los pacientes con convulsiones febriles complejas (CFC) deben ingresar, dado el mayor porcentaje de epilepsia y complicaciones agudas descrito clasicamente. En la actualidad hay estudios que apoyan ser menos invasivos en el abordaje de estos pacientes. Objetivo. Describir las caracteristicas de los pacientes ingresados por CFC y proponer un nuevo protocolo de actuacion. Pacientes y metodos. Analisis retrospectivo de historias clinicas de ingresados por CFC (enero de 2010-diciembre de 2013). Se ofrecen datos epidemiologicos, clinicos, pruebas complementarias y evolucion. Resultados. Las CFC suponian un 4,2% de los ingresos de neuropediatria (n = 67). Edad media al evento: 25 meses. El 47% tenia antecedentes familiares patologicos, y el 31%, antecedentes personales de convulsion febril previa. En el 54% de los pacientes, la CFC duro menos de cinco minutos; hubo recurrencia, la mayoria con un total de dos crisis y durante el primer dia (las CFC por recurrencia son las mas frecuentes). De las pruebas complementarias realizadas, ninguna de ellas sirvio como apoyo diagnostico en el momento agudo. Durante su seguimiento, cinco pacientes presentaron complicaciones. Los pacientes con antecedentes familiares de convulsiones febriles presentan mayor riesgo de epilepsia o recurrencia (p = 0,02), sin diferencias significativas respecto a la edad, numero de crisis, intervalo de fiebre, estado epileptico o tipo de CFC. Conclusiones. Las CFC no asocian mayores complicaciones agudas; las exploraciones complementarias no permiten discriminar precozmente a los pacientes de riesgo. Su ingreso podria evitarse en ausencia de otros signos clinicos y limitarse a casos seleccionados.
Subject(s)
Seizures, Febrile/therapy , Anti-Infective Agents , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Clinical Protocols , Disease Management , Electroencephalography , Female , Humans , Infant , Infections/complications , Infections/diagnosis , Infections/drug therapy , Male , Neuroimaging , Prognosis , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy , Seizures, Febrile/epidemiology , Seizures, Febrile/etiology , Spinal PunctureABSTRACT
La cerebelitis aguda constituye una de las principales causas de disfunción cerebelosa en pediatría. Su pronóstico es generalmente bueno, y su evolución hacia la atrofia es excepcional. La afectación de un solo hemisferio es muy infrecuente, lo que obliga a realizar un diagnóstico diferencial con los procesos tumorales de la fosa posterior. Su etiología puede ser infecciosa, postinfecciosa o posvacunal, y Mycoplasma pneumoniae es uno de los agentes causales descritos en la bibliografía. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 8 años que, tras una neumonía atípica, desarrolló un cuadro de hemicerebelitis derecha que evolucionó posteriormente a una hemiatrofia cerebelosa con secuelas en la motricidad fina (AU)
Acute cerebellitis constitutes one of the main causes of cerebellar disfunction in pediatrics. The prognosis is generally good, the evolution to atrophy is exceptional. Very rare is the involvement of only one hemisphere, forcing to perform differential diagnosis of posterior fossa tumor processes. Its etiology may be infectious, postinfectious or postvaccination, being Mycoplasma pneumoniae one of the causative agents described in the literature. We report the case of a girl of 8 years, who after an atypical pneumonia, developed a right hemicerebelitis, which later evolved into a cerebellar hemiatrophy and fine motor sequelae (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Cerebellar Diseases/complications , Cerebellar Diseases/metabolism , Cerebellar Diseases/pathology , Cerebellar Diseases/diagnosis , Pneumonia/complications , Pneumonia/diagnosisABSTRACT
El uso de corticoides sistémicos para la prevención y/o el tratamiento de la displasia broncopulmonar en prematuros se ha asociado a la aparición de efectos secundarios a corto y largo plazo, y la afectación neurológica es el efecto que ha limitado su uso. Los efectos a corto plazo incluyen los metabólicos y endocrinológicos (fundamentalmente la hiperglucemia y la supresión del eje hipotálamo hipofisario-adrenal), los cardiovasculares (hipertensión, hipertrofia miocárdica), la mayor susceptibilidad para las infecciones y los efectos digestivos (sangrado), aunque éstos suelen ser transitorios y reversibles. La miocardiopatía hipertrófica en prematuros es un efecto frecuente del uso de corticoides, aunque en general carece de relevancia clínica, ya que requiere habitualmente para su aparición tratamientos de una duración superior a los 7 días. Para paliar este efecto se deben retirar o disminuir los corticoides, y se recomienda el uso de propranolol en los casos con una obstrucción dinámica en la salida del ventrículo izquierdo, o si hubiera datos de isquemia miocárdica. Presentamos el caso de un recién nacido de muy bajo peso al nacimiento que desarrolló precozmente una miocardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva con repercusión clínica tras 2 días de tratamiento con dexametasona(AU)
The use of corticosteroids for the prevention and/or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants have been associated with short and long term side-effects being neurological impairment the most important that limit their use. Short-term sideeffects include metabolic and endocrine (hyperglycemia and suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), cardiovascular (hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy), increased susceptibility to infections and gastrointestinal (bleeding). These are usually transient and reversible. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in preterm infants is a common side-effect with the use of corticosteroids but usually has not clinical relevance and it is observed in treatments longer than 7 days. Treatment is the withdrawal or reduction of corticosteroids and the use of propranolol in patients with dynamic obstruction in the left ventricular outflow or whether there are signs of myocardial ischemia. We present the case of a very low birth weight newborn who developed early symtomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after 2 days of treatment with dexamethasone(AU)