[Pancreatitis and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura caused by quetiapine-induced hypertriglyceridemia]. / Fulminante pancreatitis door hypertriglyceridemie bij gebruik van quetiapine.

An important cause of hypertriglyceridemia in psychiatric patients is the administration of antipsychotics. Mildly elevated levels of triglycerides are seen most often, occurring shortly after treatment inception. Whether hypertriglyceridemia may be caused by alcohol use has not been fully elucidated. We describe the case of a 38-year-old woman suffering from schizophrenia who had been prescribed quetiapine for five years and consumed two glasses of alcohol daily. Upon presentation with stomach pain, lab results showed alarming triglyceride levels (8348 mg/dl). She rapidly developed both a severe pancreatitis and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp). We discuss how this most severe case of pancreatitis and ttp in a patient on an antipsychotic described in the literature to date should encourage prevention and early management of hypertriglyceridemia in psychiatric patients.

[Reorganisation of the mental health services in Belgium in 2011. Will this lead to better care for patients with a serious mental illness?]. / Reorganisatie van de Belgische ggz; betere zorg voor mensen met een ernstige psychiatrische aandoening?

BACKGROUND: In Article 107 of the hospital legislation the Belgian government provides for a possible reorganisation of current mental health care. According to the Article, hospital managers and the medical staff of residential care units in each region are permitted tot re-allocate resources in such a way that their current government allowance is used for the development of an alternative type of health care that is more community-based. AIM: To explore the possible consequences that such a step is likely to have on the current users of long-term residential care. METHOD: We looked critically at the draft text which was circulated in order tot explain the proposed reorganisation. We evaluated the scientific evidence concerning the feasibility of the ideas put forward in the text, focusing particularly on the care of patients with a serious mental illness. RESULTS: The method, which involves the re-allocation of funds in order to stimulate the reorganisation of care, is considered to be self-defeating. On the one hand, it constitutes a threat, leading to possible closure of the least profitable services, including hospital wards for long-stay patients. On the other hand, the proposed health care organisation poses a threat to the very group of patients who reside in such hospitals and it may in fact lower the level of care they receive. CONCLUSION: It will be necessary to check on the effects that this reorganisation will have on patients with a serious mental illness. We therefore propose some ways of monitoring the effects that the planned reorganisation is likely to have on this vulnerable group of patients.

Delayed and prolonged coma after acute disulfiram overdose.

We report the case of a 35-year-old man presenting with a delayed and prolonged coma due to an intentional overdose with disulfiram without simultaneous alcohol ingestion. The clinical features--comprising a severe toxic encephalopathy with coma and convulsions, in combination with a quadriparesis outlasting the loss of consciousness--are summarized, and the physiopathology is reviewed.

[Orthodontics in general dental practice 6. Treatment of Angle Class II/1 malocclusions]. / Orthodontie in de algemene tandartspraktijk 6. Behandeling van Angle klasse II/1-malocclusies.

Four patients with a Class II/1 malocclusion were treated. Despite their common malocclusion, the 4 patients had a different skeletal and dentofacial structure, which resulted in four different treatments. Whether treatment is indicated and which treatment is preferable depends on many factors, such as expected jaw growth, the possibility of jaw adaptation, the motivation of the patient and his or her parents and psychological factors. In the case of children and young adolescents a Class II/1 malocclusion can be treated with orthopaedic appliances, in which case natural growth and adaptation mechanisms of the face and jaw are exercised in the correction. In treating these 4 patients, both functional and extra-oral orthopaedic appliances were used.

Twelve-month evaluation of the clinical pharmacokinetics of total and free mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolites in renal allograft recipients on low dose tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil.

BACKGROUND: The establishment of a rationale for therapeutic drug monitoring for mycophenolic acid (MPA) and outlining a therapeutic window remains a challenging task in renal transplantation. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of free and total MPA and its glucuronides depend directly or indirectly on graft function and the type of co-administered calcineurin-inhibitor. METHODS: The authors conducted a prospective 12-month multicenter pharmacokinetic study on MPA (MPA, free MPA, free fraction MPA) and its metabolites (MPAG, Acyl-MPAG). The aim of this study was to examine the long-term pharmacokinetic characteristics of MMF when combined with tacrolimus in renal allograft recipients and to identify a possible relationship between these pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical outcome parameters. RESULTS: They have demonstrated that in renal transplant recipients MPA, free MPA, Acyl-MPAG and MPAG have a particular pharmacokinetic profile when combined with tacrolimus which differs from the combination with CsA. They could not establish a relationship between pre-dose trough concentration of MPA and its metabolites and clinical efficacy endpoints and drug-related adverse events, except for anemia. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that trough plasma concentration monitoring of MPA and its metabolites might not provide a useful clinical tool for guiding MMF dose adjustments to avoid drug-related toxicity. More extensive pharmacokinetic measurements like area under the concentration curves might be necessary for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of MMF.