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1.
J Atten Disord ; 25(3): 332-339, 2021 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30070594

ABSTRACT

Objective: ADHD has a complex and negative influence on the family system. The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of emotional distress in a group of parents of children with ADHD. Method: A sample was recruited from the public health system ADHD Unit at Sant Joan de Déu Hospital (Barcelona). The parents of 60 children with newly diagnosed ADHD and the parents of 60 healthy children were included. Results: Higher levels of distress in families with children with ADHD were seen. The distress is present in both parents, with a higher prevalence in the mothers group. A positive correlation was found between ADHD symptoms in the children and the distress reported by parents. A three times higher rate of separations and divorce among parents of children with ADHD was seen. Conclusion: ADHD in children and adolescents increases the emotional distress reported by parents, mainly related to the severity of symptoms present in the children.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Mothers , Parents , Sex Characteristics
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(5): 157-162, 1 mar., 2018.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-172313

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El uso de fármacos psicoestimulantes está presente en la práctica médica habitual desde principios del siglo XX y ha experimentado un incremento exponencial en cuanto a prescripciones. Objetivo. Revisar el estado de conocimiento actual sobre los efectos secundarios de los psicoestimulantes en población infantil y juvenil. Desarrollo. Se realiza una revisión tras consultar diferentes bases de datos, incluyendo en esta revisión análisis clínicos, metaanálisis, estudios prospectivos observacionales y revisiones sistemáticas. Se observa un incremento mínimo en la tensión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca, pero algunos estudios recientes apuntan a una infraestimación del riesgo a largo plazo. En lo que se refiere al apetito y el crecimiento, casi toda la bibliografía actual apunta a una ralentización del ritmo de crecimiento, que se recupera al interrumpir el tratamiento. Un factor importante, como es la evolución en paralelo de la edad ósea, no se ha valorado en la mayoría de los estudios realizados. En el sueño no habría empeoramiento significativo en los pacientes tratados con psicoestimulantes respecto a los no tratados. En relación con el sistema nervioso central, no parece haber evidencia de un incremento del riesgo de aparición o empeoramiento de tics tras introducir el tratamiento. El afecto y la emoción son áreas poco exploradas. Conclusiones. Es importante tener una mayor evidencia de la seguridad de estos fármacos. Para ello es imprescindible poder disponer de estudios de una extensión en el tiempo consecuente con la duración de estos tratamientos (AU)


Introduction. The use of psychostimulants has been present in common medical practice since the 20th century and has undergone an exponential growth in terms of the number of prescriptions. Aim. To review the current state of knowledge about the side effects of psychostimulants in the child and teen populations. Development. A review was performed by searching in different databases and included clinical analyses, observational prospective studies and systematic reviews. A minimum increase in blood pressure and heart rate are observed, but some studies highlight an underestimation of the long-term risk. As regards appetite and growth, almost all the current literature points to a slowing of the rate of growth, which is regained on interrupting treatment. One important factor, as is the parallel evolution of bone age, has not been evaluated in most of the studies carried out to date. No significant worsening of sleep was noted in patients treated with psychostimulants with respect to those who are not being treated. With regard to the central nervous system, there does not seem to be any evidence of an increased risk of the appearance or exacerbation of tics following introduction of the treatment. Affect and emotion are areas that have been barely explored. Conclusions. It is important to have more evidence on the safety of these drugs. It is therefore essential to have access to studies that cover a period of time consistent with the duration of these treatments (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Methylphenidate/adverse effects , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects , Patient Safety , Dopaminergic Neurons , Synaptic Transmission , Growth Disorders/chemically induced , Sleep , Tics/chemically induced
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(9): 413-421, 1 mayo, 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-162604

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) afecta aproximadamente al 5% de los niños y adolescentes, y los problemas del sueño son comunes en estos pacientes. Sin embargo, la asociación entre los trastornos del sueño y el TDAH es multifacética y compleja. Objetivo. Explorar la relación entre los trastornos del sueño y el TDAH. Desarrollo. Los problemas del sueño en niños con TDAH incluyen alteraciones del sueño y trastornos específicos per se o debidos a trastornos psiquiátricos comórbidos o a los fármacos estimulantes para el TDAH. Actualmente se recomienda la evaluación de las condiciones del sueño en niños con TDAH antes de la iniciación del tratamiento farmacológico. La primera línea de actuación para el manejo de los problemas de sueño es la higiene del sueño y la psicoterapia cognitivo-conductual. Otra opción es considerar la modificación de la posología y formulación de los fármacos estimulantes. La atomoxetina y la melatonina son alternativas terapéuticas para los niños con TDAH y problemas del sueño más graves. Para los trastornos respiratorios y del movimiento en el sueño existen tratamientos específicos. Conclusiones. Es importante evaluar el sueño en los niños que presentan síntomas sugestivos de TDAH, ya que los problemas en el sueño pueden desempeñar un papel causal o exacerbar la clínica del TDAH. Una correcta evaluación y tratamiento de los trastornos del sueño aumentan la calidad de vida de la familia y del niño y pueden disminuir la gravedad de los síntomas del TDAH (AU)


Introduction. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects approximately 5% of all children and adolescents, and these patients frequently suffer from sleep problems. The association between sleep disorders and ADHD, however, is multifaceted and complex. AIMS. To explore the relationship between sleep disorders and ADHD. DEVELOPMENT. Sleep problems in children with ADHD include altered sleep and specific disorders per se or that may be due to comorbid psychiatric disorders or to the stimulants they receive as treatment for their ADHD. Today, an evaluation of the sleep conditions in children with ADHD is recommended before starting pharmacological treatment. The first step in managing their sleep problems is good sleep hygiene and cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy. Another option is to consider modifying the dosage and formulation of the stimulants. Atomoxetine and melatonin are therapeutic alternatives for children with ADHD and more severe sleep problems. Specific treatments exist for respiratory and movement disorders during sleep. Conclusions: It is important to evaluate sleep in children who present symptoms suggestive of ADHD, since problems during sleep can play a causal role or exacerbate the clinical features of ADHD. Correct evaluation and treatment of sleep disorders increase the family’s and the child’s quality of life and can lessen the severity of the symptoms of ADHD (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Polysomnography , Actigraphy
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