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1.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 28(2): 156-160, mayo 2016. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-151672

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Dysthymia constitutes a chronic, mild affective disorder characterized by heterogeneous treatment effects. Several predictors of clinical response and attendance have been postulated, although research on the role of the psychological variables involved in this mental disorder is still scarce. METHOD: Fifty-four adult patients, who met criteria for dysthymia completed an ongoing naturalistic treatment based on the brief interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-B), which was delivered bimonthly over 16 months. As potential predictor variables, the therapeutic alliance, coping strategies, perceived self-efficacy, and motivation for change were measured at baseline. Outcome variables were response to treatment (Clinical Global Impression and Beck's Depression Inventory) and treatment attendance. RESULTS: stepwise multiple linear regression analyses revealed that higher motivation for change predicted better response to treatment. Moreover, higher motivation for change also predicted treatment attendance. Therapeutic alliance was not a predictor variable of neither clinical response nor treatment attendance. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings support the adjunctive use of motivational interviewing (MI) techniques in the treatment of dysthymia. Further research with larger sample size and follow-up assessment is warranted


OBJETIVO: la distimia constituye un trastorno afectivo crónico caracterizado por una respuesta heterogénea al tratamiento. Se han postulado diversas variables predictoras de dicha respuesta terapéutica, aunque la investigación acerca del papel de las variables psicológicas es todavía escasa. MÉTODO: cincuenta y cuatro pacientes diagnosticados de distimia completaron un tratamiento naturalístico bimensual de 16 meses de duración basado en la psicoterapia interpersonal. Como posibles variables predictoras se evaluó al inicio del tratamiento la alianza terapéutica, las estrategias de afrontamiento, la autoeficacia percibida y la motivación para el cambio. Las variables de tratamiento fueron la respuesta terapéutica (Escala de Impresión Clínica Global e Inventario de Depresión de Beck) y la adherencia terapéutica. RESULTADOS:los análisis de regresión múltiple indicaron que una mayor motivación para el cambio predijo una mejor respuesta al tratamiento. Por otra parte, una mayor motivación para el cambio también predijo una mayor adherencia al tratamiento. La alianza terapéutica no fue una variable predictora ni de la respuesta ni de la adherencia al tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: estos resultados preliminares apoyan el uso complementario de la entrevista motivacional en el tratamiento de la distimia. Son necesarios estudios adicionales con un mayor tamaño muestral y evaluaciones adicionales durante el seguimiento postratamiento


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Dysthymic Disorder/prevention & control , Dysthymic Disorder/psychology , Dysthymic Disorder/therapy , Motivation/physiology , Psychotherapy/instrumentation , Psychotherapy/methods , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/prevention & control , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/psychology , Treatment Outcome , Depressive Disorder/prevention & control , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Psychopharmacology/instrumentation , Psychopharmacology/methods , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/prevention & control , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/psychology , Personality Disorders/prevention & control , Personality Disorders/psychology , Mental Health Services , Reproducibility of Results/instrumentation , Reproducibility of Results/methods , Spain
2.
Psicothema ; 28(2): 156-60, 2016 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27112812

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Dysthymia constitutes a chronic, mild affective disorder characterized by heterogeneous treatment effects. Several predictors of clinical response and attendance have been postulated, although research on the role of the psychological variables involved in this mental disorder is still scarce. METHOD: Fifty-four adult patients, who met criteria for dysthymia completed an ongoing naturalistic treatment based on the brief interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-B), which was delivered bimonthly over 16 months. As potential predictor variables, the therapeutic alliance, coping strategies, perceived self-efficacy, and motivation for change were measured at baseline. Outcome variables were response to treatment (Clinical Global Impression and Beck’s Depression Inventory) and treatment attendance. RESULTS: Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses revealed that higher motivation for change predicted better response to treatment. Moreover, higher motivation for change also predicted treatment attendance. Therapeutic alliance was not a predictor variable of neither clinical response nor treatment attendance. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings support the adjunctive use of motivational interviewing (MI) techniques in the treatment of dysthymia. Further research with larger sample size and follow-up assessment is warranted.


Subject(s)
Dysthymic Disorder/psychology , Dysthymic Disorder/therapy , Motivation , Psychotherapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome
3.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 35(128): 837-842, oct.-dic. 2015.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-146288

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Uno de los debates nosológicos más controvertidos en el ámbito de la Neuropsiquiatría versa sobre el diagnóstico diferencial entre psicosis adquiridas e idiopáticas"(esquizofrenia) en pacientes que previamente han sufrido un traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE). Caso clínico. Se expone el caso de un varón de 15 años, sin antecedentes psiquiátricos personales ni familiares, que a los 5 meses de sufrir un TCE con pérdida de conciencia desarrolló un síndrome psicótico crónico caracterizado por sintomatología positiva, siendo ésta resistente a todos los tratamientos psicofarmacológicos prescritos. No se evidenció lesión cerebral focalizada a través de neuroimagen estructural. Discusión. El TCE puede actuar como agente etiopatogénico primario (psicosis debida a un TCE) o precipitante (esquizofrenia) en los cuadros psicóticos manifestados. Los dos criterios externos que contribuyen en mayor medida a la distinción de ambos trastornos son la escasa sintomatología negativa y la baja vulnerabilidad genética entre las personas con psicosis debida a un TCE. Con relativa frecuencia, tanto el periodo de latencia TCE-psicosis como los correlatos neurocognitivos y neurobiológicos asociados apenas permiten esclarecer el estatus nosológico del síndrome psicótico. Son necesarios ensayos clínicos controlados para valorar la eficacia de los antipsicóticos en aquellos sujetos con psicosis debida a un TCE (AU)


Introduction. One of the most controversial nosological issues in neuropsychiatry deals with the differential diagnosis between acquired and idiopathic psychosis (schizophrenia) in patients who have previously undergone a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Case report. A 15 year-old man, without personal or family psychiatric history, developed a chronic syndrome characterized by positive psychotic symptoms 5 months after suffering a TBI with loss of consciousness. The syndrome was refractory to all psychopharmacological treatments prescribed. There was no brain alteration detected through structural imaging. Discussion. TBI may play a role either as primary etiopathogenic agent (psychosis due to TBI) or as triggering factor (schizophrenia) in the development of psychotic symptoms. Fewer negative symptoms as well as lower genetic vulnerability contribute to differentiate the former group from the latter one. Usually, neither the latency period between TBI-psychosis onset nor the neurocognitive and neurobiological correlates allow to clarify the nosological status. Further controlled clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of antipsychotics in those subjects with psychosis due to TBI (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/complications , Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Psychotic Disorders/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Neuropsychiatry/methods , Psychopharmacology/methods , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/complications , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/psychology
4.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 42(1): 28-38, 2014.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24504991

ABSTRACT

This theoretical study reviews the main findings and research on comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia. On the one hand, it is argued that high prevalence of comorbidity implies common risk factors (neuroanatomical and neuropsychological correlates) and a causal relationship between these mental illnesses, OCD usually preceding schizophrenia. On the other hand, independent nosological status of this "comorbidity" is supported on the basis of several external criteria (negative symptomatology, depressed mood, psychosocial impairment, neurobiological and neuropsychological correlates), which distinguish this mixed clinical entity from OCD and schizophrenia separately. These conclusions are discussed, considering the lack of recognition of "schizo-obsessive disorder" within the current diagnosis reference manuals.


Subject(s)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Humans , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/classification , Prevalence , Schizophrenia/classification
5.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 42(1): 28-38, ene.-feb. 2014.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-129441

ABSTRACT

En el presente estudio teórico se revisan los principales hallazgos e investigaciones sobre la comorbilidad entre trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) y esquizofrenia. Por una parte, se señala que la alta prevalencia de esta comorbilidad obedece tanto a factores de riesgo comunes (correlatos neuroanatómicos y neuropsicológicos) como a una relación causal entre ambas patologías mentales, precediendo generalmente el TOC a la psicosis. Por otro lado, se sostiene el estatus nosológico independiente de esta comorbilidad sobre la base de diversos criterios externos (sintomatología negativa, humor depresivo, disfuncionalidad psicosocial, correlatos neurobiológicos y neuropsicológicos), los cuales diferencian esta entidad clínica mixta de la esquizofrenia y el TOC por separado. Dichas conclusiones son discutidas considerando la falta de reconocimiento nosológico del denominado "trastorno esquizo-obsesivo"


This theoretical study reviews the main findings and research on comorbidity between obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia. On the one hand, it is argued that high prevalence of comorbidity implies common risk factors (neuroanatomical and neuropsychological correlates) and a causal relationship between these mental illnesses, OCD usually preceding schizophrenia. On the other hand, independent nosological status of this "comorbidity" is supported on the basis of several external criteria (negative symptomatology, depressed mood, psychosocial impairment, neurobiological and neuropsychological correlates), which distinguish this mixed clinical entity from OCD and schizophrenia separately. These conclusions are discussed, considering the lack of recognition of "schizo-obsessive disorder" within the current diagnosis reference manuals


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Compulsive Personality Disorder/complications , Compulsive Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Compulsive Personality Disorder/psychology , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/therapy , Schizophrenia/complications , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Comorbidity , Neuropsychology/methods , Neuropsychology/trends , Affect , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/complications , Mental Health Services , Social Support , Psychosocial Impact
6.
Eur. j. psychiatry ; 25(2): 68-80, ene.-dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-94595

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the relative effectiveness of routine care (RC) in addition to a specific early intervention program (PIPE) compared to routine care alone.Methods: A total of 34 participants in the initial phase of schizophrenia took part in randomized, single-blind controlled trial. Participants were randomized to receive either routine care (RC; n = 13) or routine integrated with Cognitive-Motivational Therapy(PIPE; n = 21). PIPE comprised individual and family Cognitive-Motivational therapyplus routine care for 12 months. In this paper we present preliminary results at 6 months after the beginning of the intervention. Clinical assessments were carried out at pre-treatment,and in this manuscript the results at 3 and 6 months after starting the intervention by external raters are presented, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impression Scale, the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, and relapses. Mann-Whitney test and MANOVAs analysis for variance effects were used for the statistical analysis Results: Significant greater clinical effects were observed in those patients treated inRC+PIPE at three months from baseline assessment and at six months in PANSS scale(Mann-Whitney test; p < 0.000). Other benefits of the program included increase in globalactivity, reduced relapse rates, and reduction of the pharmacological treatment.Conclusions: These findings show the effectiveness of a program of routine care integratedwith cognitive-motivational interventions (individual and family therapy) over routine psychiatric care alone for patients who are in the initial phase of schizophrenia (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Schizophrenia/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods , Motivation , Family Therapy
7.
Ansiedad estrés ; 17(2/3): 185-197, dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-101034

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo evalúa los cambios de una intervención psicoterapéutica grupal para pacientes con trastornos de ansiedad generalizada, trastorno de pánico con o sin agorafobia y trastorno adaptativo con sintomatología ansiosa o depresiva asociada. Un total de 107 pacientes participaron en el estudio, de los cuales 73,8% eran mujeres y el 26,2% hombres con edades comprendidas entre los 21 y 62 años, provenientes de un Centro de Salud Mental y un Centro de Atención Primaria del Consorci Sanitari del Maresme (Barcelona). El tratamiento cognitivo-conductual se compuso de 20 sesiones con periodicidad semanal de 90 minutos de duración. Los participantes completaron a través de una entrevista semiestructurada medidas clínicas de ansiedad, depresión, somatización, inteligencia emocional percibida y medidas protectoras de salud tales como autoestima y satisfacción vital. Los resultados obtenidos muestran mejoras significativas en términos de reducción sintomática, además de un incremento de la autoestima y la satisfacción general con la vida para todos los grupos diagnósticos (AU)


The aim of the current study is to assess the outcome of a group psychotherapy intervention in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia and adjustment disorder with anxious or depressive symptoms. A total of 107 patients were included in the study, 73,8% were women and 26,2% men, aged form 21 and 62, form a Mental Health Center and a Primary Care Center, both of which are part of the Maresme Sanitary Consortium (Barcelona). The cognitive-behavioral therapy consisted of twenty 90 minute weekly sessions. The participants completed a semistructures interview that included clinical measures of anxiety, depression, somatization, perceived emotional intelligence and other measures related with health (self-esteem and life satisfaction). The results showed significant improvements in symptom reduction, as well as an increase in self-esteem and perceived quality of life (p<0.01) for all diagnostic groups (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Anxiety Disorders/therapy , Psychotherapy, Group/methods , Panic Disorder/therapy , Adjustment Disorders/therapy , Depressive Disorder/therapy , Evaluation of Results of Therapeutic Interventions , Emotional Intelligence , Self Concept , Personal Satisfaction
8.
Pap. psicol ; 28(2): 127-135, jun. 2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-057522

ABSTRACT

Son muchos los estudios que en los últimos quince años han demostrado la efectividad de los programas de intervención precoz en la esquizofrenia y su impacto sobre el pronóstico de la enfermedad. De hecho, la intervención preventiva en la fase prodrómica y posterior al primer episodio se ha convertido en una de las líneas principales de investigación y de aplicación clínica para el abordaje de la esquizofrenia. Durante la fase inicial de la esquizofrenia, quedan paralizadas muchas áreas de actividad y relacionales a las cuales el paciente deberá enfrentarse durante la fase de recuperación. Su grado de motivación en esta fase será de vital importancia para el tratamiento. En el presente trabajo se presenta una revisión y algunas consideraciones a cerca de las intervenciones motivacionales en la esquizofrenia


Many studies have shown the effectiveness of early intervention programs for schizophrenia and its impact on illness outcome. In fact, the preventive intervention in the prodromical period and after the first episode of psychosis has become the main way for the research and clinical procedures for schizophrenia treatments. During the initial phase of schizophrenia, many activity and relational areas are affected. Patient motivation could be very important to face de treatment during this period. So, the current article presents a literature revision and some considerations about the motivational interventions in the schizophrenia


Subject(s)
Humans , Schizophrenia/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Motivation , Crisis Intervention/methods
9.
Pap. psicol ; 28(2): 127-135, jun. 2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-057550

ABSTRACT

Son muchos los estudios que en los últimos quince años han demostrado la efectividad de los programas de intervención precoz en la esquizofrenia y su impacto sobre el pronóstico de la enfermedad. De hecho, la intervención preventiva en la fase prodrómica y posterior al primer episodio se ha convertido en una de las líneas principales de investigación y de aplicación clínica para el abordaje de la esquizofrenia. Durante la fase inicial de la esquizofrenia, quedan paralizadas muchas áreas de actividad y relacionales a las cuales el paciente deberá enfrentarse durante la fase de recuperación. Su grado de motivación en esta fase será de vital importancia para el tratamiento. En el presente trabajo se presenta una revisión y algunas consideraciones a cerca de las intervenciones motivacionales en la esquizofrenia


Many studies have shown the effectiveness of early intervention programs for schizophrenia and its impact on illness outcome. In fact, the preventive intervention in the prodromical period and after the first episode of psychosis has become the main way for the research and clinical procedures for schizophrenia treatments. During the initial phase of schizophrenia, many activity and relational areas are affected. Patient motivation could be very important to face de treatment during this period. So, the current article presents a literature revision and some considerations about the motivational interventions in the schizophrenia


Subject(s)
Humans , Schizophrenia/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Motivation , Crisis Intervention/methods
10.
An. psicol ; 21(2): 286-293, dic. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-041504

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: observar y describir las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y patrones de consumo de sustancias que presentan los pacientes ingresados por primer episodio psicótico. Método: se incluyeron todos los ingresos realizados de primeros episodios psicóticos entre enero de 2000 y setiembre de 2003. La muestra final estuvo formada por 82 pacientes que ingresaron en la unidad de agudos del servicio de psiquiatría del Hospital de Mataró. Resultados: Del total de la muestra, un 56% de pacientes presentaron abuso de sustancias tóxicas en los últimos años de entre los cuales un 23.2% manifestó un aumento de dicho consumo durante las últimas tres semanas anteriores al ingreso psiquiátrico. Se observa una correlación significativa entre el aumento del consumo de sustancias en las tres últimas semanas y la duración del ingreso psiquiátrico (p=.043, r de Pearson). También entre los antecedentes de consumo de drogas y un debut más temprano del trastorno psicótico (p=.02). Conclusiones: El consumo de drogas en los trastornos psicóticos nos conduce directamente a la eterna reflexión de si la correlación que encontramos entre ambas variables podría ir más allá de una mera asociación y que el consumo fuese un factor predictivo del inicio o de la transición al primer episodio psicótico


Aim: To study the clinical, sociodemographic characteristics and substance abuse style in the first episode of psychosis. Method: Included, were all the first episode cases of psychosis from January 2000 to September 2003. The final sample was formed by 82 patients that were admitted into the acute psychiatric unit of Mataro’s Hospital. Outcomes: Of the total sample, 56% of patients presented abuse of toxic substances in recent years of which 23.2% declared an increase of consumption during the 3 weeks prior to admission. We observed a significant correlation among those patients and the duration of their admittance (p=.043, r Pearson). Also among the drugs consumption history there was an earlier beginning of psychotic disorder (p=.02). Conclusions: The substance abuse in people who have a psychotic disorder, leads us directly to the eternal reflection that if the correlation found between both variables would be able to be more than just a mere association and that the consumption would be a predictive factor to the begin-ning or transition to first episode-psychosis


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Humans , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/diagnosis , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/psychology , Analysis of Variance , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/therapy , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology
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