Efficacy and Safety of Indwelling Catheter for Malignant Pleural Effusions Related to Timing of Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review

Introduction: To compare the efficacy and safety of indwelling pleural catheters (IPC) in relation with the timing of systemic cancer therapy (SCT) (i.e., before, during, or after SCT) in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Methods: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi-controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohorts, and case series of over 20 patients, in which the timing of IPC insertion in relation to that of SCT was provided. Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to January 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool for RCTs and the ROB in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) for non-randomized designs. Results: Ten studies (n=2907 patients; 3066 IPCs) were included. Using SCT while the IPC was in situ decreased overall mortality, increased survival time, and improved quality-adjusted survival. Timing of SCT had no effect on the risk of IPC-related infections (2.85% overall), even in immunocompromised patients with moderate or severe neutropenia (relative risk 0.98 [95%CI: 0.93–1.03] for patients treated with the combination of IPC and SCT). The inconsistency of the results or the lack of analysis of all outcome measures in relation to the SCT/IPC timing precluded drawing solid conclusions about time to IPC removal or need of re-interventions. Conclusions: Based on observational evidence, the efficacy and safety of IPC for MPE does not seem to vary depending on the IPC insertion timing (before, during, or after SCT). The data most likely support early IPC insertion. (AU)

Efficacy and Safety of Indwelling Catheter for Malignant Pleural Effusions Related to Timing of Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: To compare the efficacy and safety of indwelling pleural catheters (IPC) in relation with the timing of systemic cancer therapy (SCT) (i.e., before, during, or after SCT) in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). METHODS: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi-controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohorts, and case series of over 20 patients, in which the timing of IPC insertion in relation to that of SCT was provided. Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to January 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool for RCTs and the ROB in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) for non-randomized designs. RESULTS: Ten studies (n=2907 patients; 3066 IPCs) were included. Using SCT while the IPC was in situ decreased overall mortality, increased survival time, and improved quality-adjusted survival. Timing of SCT had no effect on the risk of IPC-related infections (2.85% overall), even in immunocompromised patients with moderate or severe neutropenia (relative risk 0.98 [95%CI: 0.93-1.03] for patients treated with the combination of IPC and SCT). The inconsistency of the results or the lack of analysis of all outcome measures in relation to the SCT/IPC timing precluded drawing solid conclusions about time to IPC removal or need of re-interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Based on observational evidence, the efficacy and safety of IPC for MPE does not seem to vary depending on the IPC insertion timing (before, during, or after SCT). The data most likely support early IPC insertion.

Recomendaciones de consenso SEPAR-AEER sobre la utilidad de la ecografía torácica en el manejo del paciente con sospecha o infección confirmada con COVID-19 / SEPAR-AEER Consensus Recommendations on the Usefulness of the Thoracic Ultrasound in the Management of the Patient with Suspected or Confirmed Infection with COVID-19

La gran afectación pulmonar producida por la infección del COVID-19 hace necesaria una herramienta diagnóstica rápida que complemente el test diagnóstico mediante PCR y que además sea útil en la evaluación de la progresión de las lesiones pulmonares. Ya que la mayoría de estas son periféricas, en este documento de consenso proponemos el uso de la ecografía torácica para el diagnóstico precoz y la evaluación diaria de la progresión de lesiones pulmonares por un solo explorador sin necesidad de utilizar la TC de tórax. En este consenso se propone la realización de una exploración sistemática ecográfica del tórax dividiéndolo por cuadrantes e identificando los signos ecográficos que se relacionen con el tipo de afectación parenquimatosa o pleural que tiene el paciente: líneas A, líneas B, condensación parenquimatosa, línea pleural y derrame pleural. Estos hallazgos nos facilitarán la toma de decisiones respecto al manejo del paciente, tanto en la decisión del lugar de ingreso del paciente como en el tipo de tratamiento que debemos pautar

The great pulmonary affectation produced by the COVID-19 infection, requires a fast diagnostic tool that complements the diagnostic test by PCR and which is also useful in evaluating the progression of lung lesions. Since most of these are peripheral, in this consensus document we propose the use of thoracic ultrasound for early diagnosis and for the daily evaluation of the progression of lung lesions by a single explorer without the need to use the chest CT. In this consensus, it is proposed to carry out a systematic ultrasound examination of the thorax dividing it by quadrants and therefore identifying the ultrasound signs that are related to the type of parenchymal or pleural affectation that the patient has: A lines, B lines, parenchymal condensation, pleural line and pleural effusion. These findings will facilitate the decision making regarding the patient management, both when deciding the place of admission of the patient and the type of treatment to be prescribed

Perforación gástrica durante la broncoscopia al administrar oxigenoterapia por cánula nasofaríngea / Gastric Perforation During Bronchoscopy For The Delivery Of Oxygen Therapy By Nasopharyngeal Cannula

No disponible

Biopsia con aguja gruesa versus punción aspiración con aguja fina en el diagnóstico del cáncer de pulmón / Core Needle Biopsy Versus Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Diagnosing Lung Cancer

No disponible

Sumario ejecutivo de las recomendaciones SEPAR de diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas / Executive summary of the SEPAR recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

La Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), a través de las áreas de Cirugía Torácica y de Oncología Torácica, ha promovido la realización de un manual de recomendaciones para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas. Las elevadas incidencia y mortalidad de esta patología hacen necesaria una constante actualización de las mejores evidencias científicas para su consulta por parte de los profesionales de la salud. Para su confección se ha contado con un amplio grupo de profesionales de distintas especialidades que han elaborado una revisión integral, que se ha concretado en 4 apartados principales. En el primero se ha estudiado la prevención y el cribado de la enfermedad, incluyendo los factores de riesgo, el papel de la deshabituación tabáquica y el diagnóstico precoz mediante programas de cribado. En un segundo apartado se ha analizado la presentación clínica, los estudios de imagen y el riesgo quirúrgico, incluyendo el cardiológico y la evaluación funcional respiratoria. Un tercero trata sobre los estudios de confirmación cito-histológica y de estadificación, con un análisis de las clasificaciones TNM e histológica, métodos no invasivos y mínimamente invasivos, así como las técnicas quirúrgicas para el diagnóstico y estadificación. En un cuarto y último capítulo se han abordado aspectos del tratamiento, como el papel de las técnicas quirúrgicas, la quimioterapia, la radioterapia, el abordaje multidisciplinar por estadios y otros tratamientos dirigidos frente a dianas específicas, terminando con recomendaciones acerca del seguimiento del cáncer de pulmón y los tratamientos paliativos quirúrgicos y endoscópicos en estadios avanzados

The Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Oncology groups of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) have backed the publication of a handbook on recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Due to the high incidence and mortality of this disease, the best scientific evidence must be constantly updated and made available for consultation by healthcare professionals. To draw up these recommendations, we called on a wide-ranging group of experts from the different specialties, who have prepared a comprehensive review, divided into 4 main sections. The first addresses disease prevention and screening, including risk factors, the role of smoking cessation, and screening programs for early diagnosis. The second section analyzes clinical presentation, imaging studies, and surgical risk, including cardiological risk and the evaluation of respiratory function. The third section addresses cytohistological confirmation and staging studies, and scrutinizes the TNM and histological classifications, non-invasive and minimally invasive sampling methods, and surgical techniques for diagnosis and staging. The fourth and final section looks at different therapeutic aspects, such as the role of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, a multidisciplinary approach according to disease stage, and other specifically targeted treatments, concluding with recommendations on the follow-up of lung cancer patients and surgical and endoscopic palliative interventions in advanced stages

Executive summary of the SEPAR recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. / Sumario ejecutivo de las recomendaciones SEPAR de diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas.

The Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Oncology groups of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) have backed the publication of a handbook on recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Due to the high incidence and mortality of this disease, the best scientific evidence must be constantly updated and made available for consultation by healthcare professionals. To draw up these recommendations, we called on a wide-ranging group of experts from the different specialties, who have prepared a comprehensive review, divided into 4 main sections. The first addresses disease prevention and screening, including risk factors, the role of smoking cessation, and screening programs for early diagnosis. The second section analyzes clinical presentation, imaging studies, and surgical risk, including cardiological risk and the evaluation of respiratory function. The third section addresses cytohistological confirmation and staging studies, and scrutinizes the TNM and histological classifications, non-invasive and minimally invasive sampling methods, and surgical techniques for diagnosis and staging. The fourth and final section looks at different therapeutic aspects, such as the role of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, a multidisciplinary approach according to disease stage, and other specifically targeted treatments, concluding with recommendations on the follow-up of lung cancer patients and surgical and endoscopic palliative interventions in advanced stages.

Recomendaciones SEPAR de diagnostico y tratamiento del cancer de pulmón de celulas no pequeñas / Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery on the diagnosis and treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer

No disponible

Valoración de la tolerancia y seguridad de 5 modelos de sedación durante la realización de la ecobroncoscopia / Tolerance and Safety of 5 Models of Sedation During Endobronchial Ultrasound

Introducción: La sedación durante la ecobroncoscopia es importante debido a la duración prolongada de esta exploración. Evaluamos distintos modelos de sedación y sus complicaciones. Método: Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo y observacional en el que recogieron distintas variables en 307 pacientes con distintos modelos de sedación: a) midazolam en bolo; b)propofol en perfusión; c) midazolam en bolo y propofol en perfusión; d) propofol en perfusión y remifentanilo en perfusión, y e) midazolam en bolo y fentanilo en bolo. Finalizada la prueba, los pacientes contestaron una encuesta de satisfacción. Resultados: Los pacientes por modelo de sedación fueron: A 24, B 37, C 107, D 62 y E 77. Las puntuaciones de las sensaciones percibidas de recuerdo, dolor, tos, disnea y exploración prolongada (0,65 ± 1,11; 0,3 ± 0,73; 0,46 ± 0,9; 0,29 ± 0,73; 0,59 ± 0,96) fueron menores frente a miedo y nerviosismo antes de la exploración (1,26 ± 1,37 y 1,5 ± 1,41). Los valores elevados de indiferencia ante la repetición (1,49 ± 1,3) y de sensación agradable de la prueba (1,23 ± 1,17), junto con cifras bajas la sensación de angustia (0,49 ± 0,85) e incomodidad de la exploración (0,62 ± 1,1), muestran que los distintos modelos de sedación fueron bien tolerados. El 46,6% de los pacientes no encontraron ningún momento malo y el 89,6% se repetiría la prueba. Los modelos E y C fueron los que menos complicaciones presentaron (12,9 y 31,7%) y, en todos los casos, se resolvieron con medidas terapéuticas sencillas. Conclusiones: Los modelos de sedación analizados fueron bien tolerados y la mayoría aceptarían la repetición de la ecobroncoscopia. Las complicaciones fueron escasas y sencillas de resolver

Introduction: Sedation during endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is essential due to the long duration of this procedure. We evaluated different models of sedation and their complications. Method: A multicenter, prospective, observational study of 307 patients undergoing EBUS was conducted. Patients were sedated with: a) midazolam bolus; b) propofol infusion; c) midazolam bolus and propofol infusion; d) propofol infusion and remifentanil infusión, or e)midazolam bolus and fentanyl bolus, and clinical variables were collected. Patients were asked to complete a satisfaction survey following the test. Results: Patients per sedation model were: A 24, B 37, C 107, D 62 and E 77. Scores for perceived sensations of recall, pain, cough, dyspnea and prolonged examination (0.65 ± 1.11; 0 3 ± 0.73, 0.46 ± 0.9, 0.29 ± 0.73, and 0.59 ± 0.96, respectively) were lower compared to fear and nervousness before the examination (1.26 ± 1.37 and 1.5 ± 1.41, respectively). High levels of indifference to repeating the procedure (1.49±1.3) and a reported pleasant feeling during the test (1.23±1.17), with low levels of anxiety (0.49 ± 0.85) and discomfort (0.62 ± 1.1), show that different models of sedation were well tolerated. Almost half the patients (46.6%) did not report any "worst momento" during the procedure, and 89.6% were willing to undergo a repeat test. The E and C models presented fewest complications (12.9 and 31.7%, respectively), and all were resolved with simple therapeutic measures. Conclusions: The models of sedation evaluated were well tolerated and most patients were willing to undergo repeat EBUS. Complications were few and easily resolved

Tolerance and Safety of 5 Models of Sedation During Endobronchial Ultrasound.

INTRODUCTION: Sedation during endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is essential due to the long duration of this procedure. We evaluated different models of sedation and their complications. METHOD: A multicenter, prospective, observational study of 307 patients undergoing EBUS was conducted. Patients were sedated with: a) midazolam bolus; b) propofol infusion; c) midazolam bolus and propofol infusion; d) propofol infusion and remifentanil infusión, or e) midazolam bolus and fentanyl bolus, and clinical variables were collected. Patients were asked to complete a satisfaction survey following the test. RESULTS: Patients per sedation model were: A 24, B 37, C 107, D 62 and E 77. Scores for perceived sensations of recall, pain, cough, dyspnea and prolonged examination (0.65±1.11; 0 3±0.73, 0.46±0.9, 0.29±0.73, and 0.59±0.96, respectively) were lower compared to fear and nervousness before the examination (1.26±1.37 and 1.5±1.41, respectively). High levels of indifference to repeating the procedure (1.49±1.3) and a reported pleasant feeling during the test (1.23±1.17), with low levels of anxiety (0.49±0.85) and discomfort (0.62±1.1), show that different models of sedation were well tolerated. Almost half the patients (46.6%) did not report any "worst moment" during the procedure, and 89.6% were willing to undergo a repeat test. The E and C models presented fewest complications (12.9 and 31.7%, respectively), and all were resolved with simple therapeutic measures. CONCLUSIONS: The models of sedation evaluated were well tolerated and most patients were willing to undergo repeat EBUS. Complications were few and easily resolved.

Tratamiento con válvulas endobronquiales en la fuga aérea prolongada / Endobronchial valve therapy in prolonged air leak

No disponible

Patología obstructiva no maligna de la vía aérea central / Non-Malignant Central Airway Obstruction

Las causas más frecuentes de patología obstructiva no maligna de la vía aérea central son las estenosis postintubación y postraqueotomía, seguidas por los cuerpos extraños y la traqueobroncomalacia. Otras causas, como las secundarias a procesos infecciosos y enfermedades sistémicas, son menos frecuentes. A pesar de la existencia de numerosas clasificaciones, todavía no se ha alcanzado consenso sobre la utilización de alguna de ellas en concreto. Un mejor conocimiento de su fisiopatología nos ha permitido aumentar el diagnóstico y mejorar su tratamiento; su presentación clínica inespecífica exige la realización de diversos estudios funcionales, radiológicos y fundamentalmente endoscópicos para su correcto diagnóstico. El tratamiento debe ser multidiciplinario e individualizado, requiriendo tratamiento quirúrgico o endoscópico mediante diferentes técnicas termoablativas y mecánicas

The most common causes of non-malignant central airway obstruction are post-intubation and post-tracheostomytracheal stenosis, followed by the presence of foreign bodies, benign endobronchial tumors and tracheobronchomalacia. Other causes, such as infectious processes or systemic diseases, are less frequent. Despite the existence of numerous classification systems, a consensus has not been reached on the use of any one of them in particular. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of this entity has allowed us to improve diagnosis and treatment. For the correct diagnosis of nonspecific clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, radiological studies and, more importantly, bronchoscopy must be performed. Treatment must be multidisciplinary and tailored to each patient, and will require surgery or endoscopic intervention using thermoablative and mechanical techniques

Non-malignant central airway obstruction.

The most common causes of non-malignant central airway obstruction are post-intubation and post-tracheostomytracheal stenosis, followed by the presence of foreign bodies, benign endobronchial tumours and tracheobronchomalacia. Other causes, such as infectious processes or systemic diseases, are less frequent. Despite the existence of numerous classification systems, a consensus has not been reached on the use of any one of them in particular. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of this entity has allowed us to improve diagnosis and treatment. For the correct diagnosis of nonspecific clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, radiological studies and, more importantly, bronchoscopy must be performed. Treatment must be multidisciplinary and tailored to each patient, and will require surgery or endoscopic intervention using thermoablative and mechanical techniques.

Broncoscopia intervencionista / Interventional bronchoscopy

La broncoscopia intervencionista ha presentado un gran desarrollo en la última década. Destacan los tratamientoscon láser traqueobronquial, la colocación de endoprótesis y la ecobroncoscopia. Se revisan las indicacionesy aplicaciones de estas 3 técnicas broncoscópicas(AU)

In the last decade, major advances have been made in interventional bronchoscopy. Notable techniques aretracheobronchial laser, endoprosthesis placement and endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopy. Theindications and applications for these three bronchoscopic techniques are reviewed. I(AU)