Efecto de la suplementación con ensilaje de estiércol porcino sobre los indicadores productivos en bovinos Hartón del Valle / Effect of supplementation with pig manure silage on the productive indicators bovine Hartón del Valle / Efeito da suplementação com silagem de estrume de suínos sobre os indicadores de produção de bovino Hartón del Valle

Resumen Se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación con ensilaje de estiércol porcino sobre indicadores productivos de novillas raza Hartón del Valle, Se utilizó un diseño Irrestrictamente al azar, se aplicó pruebas de normalidad distributiva, análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey, los animales fueron asignados al azar a dos grupos experimentales. Los dos grupos consumieron como base forrajera, pasto King grass morado (Pennisetum purpureum CV King grass) y los ensilajes suministrados a las novillas contenían dos niveles de inclusión del estiércol 15% (T1) y 30% (T2). Se seleccionaron 12 hembras destetadas de la línea Zanjón Hondo, con peso promedio de 218 kg ± 6 kg, de 12 meses de edad, donde se determinaron por un periodo de 45 días, los indicadores productivos de consumo, cambio de peso y conversión alimenticia. Los dos niveles de suplementación con porquinaza no afectaron (P>0.05) el consumo voluntario de materia seca (CVMS) 6,58 (T1) y 7,06 (T2) kg/MS/animal/día. Sin embargo, si hubo diferencias (P< 0.05) en ganancia diaria de peso, las cuales fueron de 0,53 para T1 y 0,38 kg/día en T2. La conversión alimenticia se estimó en 11,66 en T1 y 18,89 en T2 (P<0.05). Se concluye que los indicadores productivos de novillas Hartón del Valle resultan satisfactorios al incorporar 15 % de estiércol de cerdo deshidratado en el ensilaje como el alimento suplementario en el periodo de levante.

Abstract The effect of porcine manure silage supplementation on productive indicators of Hartón del Valle heifers was evaluated. An Irresistibly Random design was used, distributive normality tests, analysis of variance and Tukey test were applied. The animals were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. Both groups consumed forage purple king grass (Pennisetum purpureum CV King grass) and silage supplied to heifers contained two levels of inclusion of manure 15% (T1) and 30% (T2). Twelve weaned females were selected from the Zanjón Hondo line, with a mean weight of 218 kg ± 6 kg, of 12 months of age, where were determined for a period of 45 days, productive indicators of consumption, weight change and feed conversion. The two levels of supplementation with porkase did not affect (P>0.05) voluntary dry matter intake (CVMS) 6.58 (T1) and 7.06 (T2) kg/d.m./animal/día. However, there were differences (P<0.05) in daily weight gain, which were 0.53 for T1 and 0.38 kg / day for T2. Feed conversion was estimated at 11.66 for T1 and 18.89 for T2 (P<0.05). It is concluded that the productive indicators of Hartón del Valle heifers are satisfactory by incorporating 15% of dehydrated pig manure in silage as the supplementary feed in the period of rising.

Resumo Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação com silagem de suínos em indicadores produtivos de novilhas Hartón del Valle, utilizando-se um desenho Irresistivelmente Random, testes de normalidade distributiva, análise de variância e teste de Tukey, os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais. Ambos grupos consumiram como base de forragem a grama king grass roxa (Pennisetum purpureum CV King grass) e os silagem para as novilhas tinham dois níveis de inclusão de estrume de 15% (T1) e 30% (T2). Foram selecionados 12 fêmeas recém-desmamados da linha Zanjón Hondo, com um peso médio de 218 kg ± 6 kg, 12 meses de idade, onde foram determinadas por um período de 45 dias os indicadores de consumo produtivas, mudança de peso e conversão alimentar. Os dois níveis de suplementação porquinasa não afetou (P>0.05) a ingestão voluntária de matéria seca (CVMS) 6,58 (T1) e 7,06 (T2) kg/MS/animal/día. No entanto, se houve diferenças (P<0.05) no ganho de peso diário, que foram 0,53 para T1 e 0,38 kg/dia para T2. A conveção alimentar estimo-se em 11,66 em T1 e 18,89 em T2 (P<0.05). Conclui-se que os indicadores de novilhas produtivas Harton del Valle são satisfatórios para incorporar 15% da silagem de estrume de porco deidratado como o alimento-suplemento no período de criação.

Procalcitonin (PCT) levels for ruling-out bacterial coinfection in ICU patients with influenza: A CHAID decision-tree analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To define which variables upon ICU admission could be related to the presence of coinfection using CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection) analysis. METHODS: A secondary analysis from a prospective, multicentre, observational study (2009-2014) in ICU patients with confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. We assessed the potential of biomarkers and clinical variables upon admission to the ICU for coinfection diagnosis using CHAID analysis. Performance of cut-off points obtained was determined on the basis of the binominal distributions of the true (+) and true (-) results. RESULTS: Of the 972 patients included, 196 (20.3%) had coinfection. Procalcitonin (PCT; ng/mL 2.4 vs. 0.5, p < 0.001), but not C-reactive protein (CRP; mg/dL 25 vs. 38.5; p = 0.62) was higher in patients with coinfection. In CHAID analyses, PCT was the most important variable for coinfection. PCT <0.29 ng/mL showed high sensitivity (Se = 88.2%), low Sp (33.2%) and high negative predictive value (NPV = 91.9%). The absence of shock improved classification capacity. Thus, for PCT <0.29 ng/mL, the Se was 84%, the Sp 43% and an NPV of 94% with a post-test probability of coinfection of only 6%. CONCLUSION: PCT has a high negative predictive value (94%) and lower PCT levels seems to be a good tool for excluding coinfection, particularly for patients without shock.

Taking NIR calibrations of feed compounds from the laboratory to the process: calibration transfer between predispersive and postdispersive instruments.

In the context of current demands in the animal feed industry for controls and analyses, the use of instruments that may be applied on the process line has acquired a significant interest. A key aspect is that the calibrations developed for quality control with instruments sited in the laboratory (at-line) must be transferred to instruments that will be used in the plant itself (online). This study evaluates the standardization and the calibration transfer between a grating monochromator instrument (predispersive) designed for laboratory analysis and a diode array instrument (postdispersive) more adapted to process conditions. Two procedures that correct differences between spectra of two instruments were tested: the patented algorithm by Shenk and Westerhaus and piecewise direct standardization (PDS). Although results were slightly better with PDS, both methods achieved good spectral matching between the two instruments, with levels of repeatability similar to that of the grating instrument itself. The calibration transfer was evaluated in terms of the standard error of prediction (SEP), which was considerably reduced after standardization. However, final calibration models to be used in the diode array instrument must contain spectra from both types of instruments to give acceptable prediction accuracy.

High level of conservation in Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 4 (PvMSP4).

Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 4 (PvMSP4) has been considered to be a promising malarial vaccine candidate. The antigenic diversity displayed by parasite populations is one of the main factors limiting the efficacy of asexual-stage anti-malarial vaccine candidates. The present study is the first characterising PvMSP4 polymorphism. P. vivax isolates were collected from endemic areas in Colombia and diversity and selection pattern studies were carried out. Overall conservation in this protein was remarkable. Changes were only found in exons I and II, the former only having single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) whilst the latter showed variations in tandem repeat number caused by exon II slippage. The remaining regions (EGF-like domain, GPI anchor and intron) were completely conserved. Selection and neutrality tests carried out over variant exons indicated negative selective forces acting on them. No evidence of intragenic recombination was found. The strong conservation displayed in this molecule by isolates from geographically different regions (Colombia, Salvador and Thailand) stresses its potential importance as a candidate for a vaccine against P. vivax malaria.

[Myocardial infarction and 5,10-methylenetetrahydro-folate reductase mutation]. / Infarto de miocardio y mutación de l enzima 5, 10-metilentetrahidrofolato reductasa.

A 40-year-old woman with previous venous thrombosis in the lower limbs had recurrent myocardial infarction in the early puerperium. The only documented risk factor was an elevated level of plasma homocysteine, associated to a heterozygotic anomaly in the enzyme responsible for its metabolism, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. The case and approaches to treatment are discussed.

Infarto de miocardio y mutación de la enzima 5,10-metilentetrahidrofolato reductasa / Myocardial onfarction and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation

Paciente de 40 años de edad con antecedentes de trombosis venosa de miembros inferiores que en el puerperio precoz presentó un infarto agudo de miocardio recurrente. El único factor de riesgo documentado fue un valor elevado de homocisteína plasmática, asociado con una anomalía heterocigótica de la enzima 5,10-metilentetrahidrofolato reductasa, encargada de su metabolismo. Se discute el caso y las posibilidades terapéuticas (AU)