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1.
Iran J Public Health ; 53(3): 671-679, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38919300

ABSTRACT

Background: Gastrointestinal cancers can cause major health problems globally since their burden is increasing in many countries. We aimed to investigate the trend of years of life lost due to gastrointestinal cancers in Fars Province, southern Iran during the 2004-2019. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey study, we obtained the information regarding all deaths due to gastrointestinal cancers in Fars Province from the electronic population-based death registration system (EDRS). Years of Life Lost (YLL) was calculated using the YLL template of 2015 by the WHO. To examine the trend for different years, join point regression based on the log-linear model was used. Joinpoint regression analysis describes changing trends over successive periods of time and the increasing or decreasing rate within each period. Results: During the years of 2004-2019, 9742 deaths due to gastrointestinal cancers occurred in Fars Province. 6013 (61.72%) cases were male and 3729 (38.28%) cases were female (Male / Female Sex Ratio: 1.61). Overall, 4152 cases (42.63%) were due to gastric cancer and 2112 cases (21.68%) were due to liver cancer. Total years of life lost due to premature death from gastrointestinal cancers during the 16-year study period was 73565 yr (2.33 per 1000 persons) in men, 52766 yr (1.71 per 1000 persons) in women, and 126331 yr (2.02 per 1000 persons) in both sexes. Conclusion: Among all cancers, the highest mortality rates in both sexes belong to gastric cancer. This study showed the trend of YLL rate of malignant neoplasms of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts, esophagus, oral cavity, and colon cancer were increasing in both sexes, however, the trend of YLL rate for malignant neoplasms of the small intestine was decreasing in both sexes. Variation of GI cancers patterns and trends around the Fars Province indicated that a more comprehensive control plan is needed to control these variations.

2.
Iran J Public Health ; 53(1): 238-245, 2024 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38694860

ABSTRACT

Background: We aimed to determine the mortality rate and Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to lung cancer in Fars, Iran, during the period from 2004 to 2019. Methods: All deaths due to lung cancer in Fars Province, Iran from the electronic population-based death registration system (EDRS) were obtained. Crude mortality rate, age-standardized mortality rate, YLL and YLL rate data were calculated and trends examined. Results: During 2004-2019, 3346 deaths occurred due to lung cancer in Fars Province, which was 10.8% (3346/30936) of the total cancer deaths in this period. Crude mortality rate of lung cancer had increased 70% and 53% in male and female respectively from 2004 to 2019. The total YLL of lung cancer during the 16-year study period was 28,094 (0.9 per 1000) in men, 14,174 (0.5 per 1000) in women, and 42,268 (0.8 per 1000) in both sexes (sex ratio male/female=2). According to the join point regression, the 16- year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was increasing: APC was 2.5% (95% CI 0.9 to 4.2, P=0.005) for males, 1.4% (95% CI 0.3 to 2.6, P=0.017) for females. Conclusion: The mortality rate and YLL due to lung cancer in Fars Province is increasing, although the standardized mortality has a constant trend. Tobacco control is the most effective and least expensive way to reduce the number of lung cancer patients worldwide. National and local media can also play an important role in informing people about the risk factors.

3.
J Prev Med Public Health ; 57(2): 120-127, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38374708

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to increased mortality rates. To assess this impact, this ecological study aimed to estimate the excess death counts in southern Iran. METHODS: The study obtained weekly death counts by linking the National Death Registry and Medical Care Monitoring Center repositories. The P-score was initially estimated using a simple method that involved calculating the difference between the observed and expected death counts. The interrupted time series analysis was then used to calculate the mean relative risk (RR) of death during the first year of the pandemic. RESULTS: Our study found that there were 5571 excess deaths from all causes (P-score=33.29%) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, with 48.03% of these deaths directly related to COVID-19. The pandemic was found to increase the risk of death from all causes (RR, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.33), as well as in specific age groups such as those aged 35-49 (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.32), 50-64 (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.49), and ≥65 (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.32) years old. Furthermore, there was an increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.22). CONCLUSIONS: There was a 26% increase in the death count in southern Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. More than half of these excess deaths were not directly related to COVID-19, but rather other causes, with cardiovascular diseases being a major contributor.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cardiovascular Diseases , Humans , Infant , Iran/epidemiology , Pandemics , Risk
4.
Iran J Public Health ; 52(10): 2196-2206, 2023 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37899934

ABSTRACT

Background: Traditionally, mortality rates are used to estimate public health problems and determine the relative significance of different causes of mortality, but they cannot necessarily determine the burden of premature death. We aimed to investigate the 16-year trend of burden of premature mortality in Southern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all deaths due to various causes of death in Fars Province from the electronic population-based death registration system (EDRS) were obtained. Crude and age-standardized mortality rate, Years of Life Lost (YLL) and YLL rate data were calculated and to examine the trend, joinpoint regression was used. Results: During the study period, 281,903 deaths occurred, of which, 59.85% (n=168,735) occurred in men. Also, 42.18% of these deaths (n=118,610) occurred due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The total number of YLLs due to premature death was 4,154,828 years. Of these, 2,591,564 years (62.37%) were in men. The highest number of YLL was due to CVDs, external causes of death and cancer. Trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was decreasing: the annual percent change (APC) was -2.1% (95% CI -2.6 to -1.6, P<0.001) for males, -0.9% (95% CI -1.4 to -0.4, P=0.002) (P=0.002) for females. Conclusion: Although the trend of premature death has been decreasing during the years of study, but the seven major causes of premature death in 2004 to 2019 were non-communicable diseases, especially ischemic heart diseases, stroke, external cause of morbidity, and cancer. Furthermore, our findings indicate a change in the role of non-communicable diseases in premature mortality in recent years.

5.
Lung India ; 40(5): 412-417, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37787353

ABSTRACT

Objective: Asthma is a globally important non-communicable disease with major public health consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the mortality rate and years of life lost (YLL) due to asthma in southern Iran. Methods: All deaths due to asthma in Fars province from the electronic population-based death registration system (EDRS) were obtained. Crude mortality rate, age-standardized mortality rate, YLL and YLL rate data were calculated. The JoinPoint Regression method was used to examine the trend. Results: During the 16-year study period (2004-2019), 1167 deaths due to asthma occurred in Fars province among which 54.7% (638 cases) were men and 29.6% (346 cases) were in the age group of 70-79 years. Crude mortality rate of asthma had decreased by 121% and 84% in males and females, respectively from 2004 to 2019. The total years of life lost due to asthma during the 16-year study period were 7697 (0.24 per 1000 people) in men, 6882 (0.22 per 1000 people) in women. According to the join point regression analysis, the 16-year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was decreasing: the annual percent change (APC) was -5.6% (95% CI -8.2 to -2.9, P = 0.001) for males, -4.4% (95% CI -7.3 to -1.4, P = 0.008) for females. Conclusion: The trend of mortality and years of life lost due to asthma has decreased significantly during the years of study, although in some age groups, especially the age group of 45-59 years which has the highest number of years of life lost, this trend has been constant and unchanged. It is necessary to conduct other studies to investigate the possible reasons for this unchanged trend in vulnerable age groups.

6.
J Res Health Sci ; 23(1): e00573, 2023 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37571944

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to determine the mortality rate and years of life lost (YLL) due to homicide in Fars province. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: All data related to deaths due to homicide in Fars province were obtained from the Populationbased Electronic Death Registration System. Crude and age-standardized mortality rate, YLL, and YLL rate data were calculated and joinpoint regression was used to examine the trend. RESULTS: During 2004-2019, 2148 deaths due to homicide occurred in Fars province, and (1782 cases (83.0%) were men. The crude mortality rate in men decreased by 44.0% from 2004 to 2019, but a stable trend was observed in women. The total YLL due to homicide during these 16 years was 43230 (1.37 per 1000 people) in men and 8931 (0.29 per 1000 people) in women. According to the joinpoint regression analysis, the 16-year trend of the YLL rate due to premature mortality in men was decreasing, and the annual percent change (APC) was -4.00% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -6.60 to -1.20, P=0.008). However, women demonstrated stable trends in this respect, and APC was -0.50% (95% CI: -3.10 to 2.20, P=0.704). CONCLUSION: The crude and standardized mortality rates and the number of YLL due to homicide in the study period had a significant decreasing trend in men but a stable trend in women. To control this issue, officials and policymakers should identify the areas of homicide and control its risk factors such as economic and social issues, drug addiction, and the state of violence.


Subject(s)
Homicide , Mortality, Premature , Male , Humans , Female , Cause of Death , Iran/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mortality
7.
Arch Iran Med ; 26(10): 547-553, 2023 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38310410

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of leukemia's is not high, many of these cancers lead to death over a short period. This is a cross-sectional study on leukemia deaths in southern Iran. METHODS: All deaths due to leukemia in the Fars province were obtained from the population-based electronic death registration system (EDRS). Crude and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), YLL, and YLL rate data were calculated, and joinpoint regression was used to examine the trend. RESULTS: Totally, 3141 deaths from leukemia occurred in the Fars province during the study period (2004-2019). Of these, 61.5% (1933 cases) pertained to men. The crude mortality rate was 6.1 (95% CI: 5.8 to 6.4) in men and 3.9 (95% CI: 3.7 to 4.2) in women. Also, ASMR was 6.6 (95% CI: 6.3 to 6.9) and 4.2 (95% CI: 4.0 to 4.4) in men and women, respectively. The total YLLs due to leukemia were 32804 in men and 23064 in women. The joinpoint regression analysis demonstrated that the trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was stable: the annual percent change (APC) was -1.2% (95% CI: -2.5 to 0.2, P=0.090) for males, and -1.0% (95% CI: -2.9 to 0.9, P=0.274) for females. CONCLUSION: The mortality and YLL due to leukemia had a stable trend. However, this trend has been decreasing or increasing in some age groups. Determining and controlling essential risk factors, especially the environmental factors of leukemia, may reduce its burden in the Fars province.


Subject(s)
Leukemia , Neoplasms , Male , Humans , Female , Iran/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mortality, Premature , Mortality
8.
Arch Iran Med ; 26(4): 198-204, 2023 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38301079

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: According to the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), cerebrovascular diseases are the second leading cause of death in the world. This is a cross-sectional study on deaths due to cerebrovascular diseases in southern Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data on all deaths caused by cerebrovascular diseases in the Fars province between 2004 and 2019 was extracted from the Electronic Death Registry System (EDRS). To eliminate or minimize the influence of age composition, standardized mortality rate was used based on the 2013 Segi standard populations of low- and middle-income countries. In order to measure the years of life lost (YLL) from cerebrovascular diseases, the standardized life table was considered. The Joinpoint Regression method was used to examine the trend of the crude and standardized mortality rate and the YLL rate. RESULTS: Over the study period, 24,051 deaths occurred due to cerebrovascular diseases in Fars with 12,586 cases in men (52.3%). The trend of standardized mortality rate in males and females was decreasing (P value=0.001 and<0.001 for males and females, respectively). All YLL due to premature mortality from cerebrovascular disease during the 16-year study period were 119,436 (3.8 per 1000 persons) in men, and 111,172 (3.6 per 1000 persons) in women. Based on the joinpoint regression, the 16-year trend of YLL rate due to premature death was decreasing: annual percent change (APC) was -1.6% (95% CI -3.4 to 0.3, P=0.098) for males, and -2.0% (95% CI -3.6 to -0.4, P=0.017) for females. CONCLUSION: The trend of mortality rate and YLL caused by cerebrovascular diseases has decreased in our study. Necessary measures, mainly primary and secondary prevention, should be taken to continue the diminishing trend of cerebrovascular diseases.


Subject(s)
Cerebrovascular Disorders , Mortality, Premature , Male , Humans , Female , Iran/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Global Burden of Disease , Mortality
9.
Arch Osteoporos ; 15(1): 33, 2020 03 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32124051

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine factors affecting the survival of patients with hip fracture in Shiraz, Iran. Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases were risk factors, while female gender and living with family members or in nursing homes were protective factors against mortality following hip fracture. PURPOSE: Hip fractures are the most common orthopedic fractures in elderly. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the survival of patients with hip fracture in Shiraz. METHODS: This historical cohort study was conducted in Shiraz, Iran. All patients with hip fracture who were admitted to any of the hospitals providing orthopedic services in Shiraz, from September 1, 2011, to August 30, 2012, were included in the study. The log rank test, Kaplan-Meier methods, and the univariate and multivariate Cox regression model were used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 631 patients were enrolled, of these, 264 (41.8%) were male. The mean age of patients was 74.9 ± 11.5. The patients' survival rate after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th year were 81.1%, 73.7%, 69.4%, 64.8%, and 60.2%, respectively. After adjusting data for age, Alzheimer's disease (HR = 4.9, 95% CI 1.4-7.3, P = 0.023), hypertension (HR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.3-3.8, P = 0.003), and cardiovascular diseases (HR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.04-3.09, P = 0.039) remained as risk factors for mortality in patients with hip fracture. However, female patients (HR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.27-0.8, P = 0.006) and those who lived with family members or in nursing homes (HR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.19-0.92, P = 0.03) were protective factors. CONCLUSION: This study showed that women are more likely to have hip fractures, but mortality among men is more observable. Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases were considered as risk factors, while patients who were female and those who lived with the family member or in nursing homes had better survival.


Subject(s)
Hip Fractures/mortality , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alzheimer Disease/complications , Alzheimer Disease/mortality , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Cohort Studies , Female , Hip Fractures/etiology , Homes for the Aged/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/mortality , Iran/epidemiology , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Nursing Homes/statistics & numerical data , Proportional Hazards Models , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Survival Analysis
10.
J Gastrointest Cancer ; 51(1): 63-69, 2020 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30663013

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: In Iran, cancers are the third leading cause of death, and gastrointestinal cancers are the primary cause of mortality among all the cancers. This study aimed to determine the trend of crude and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) for different types of gastrointestinal cancers over an 11-year period in Fars province (Iran). METHODS: In this study, all the mortality data for gastrointestinal cancers were derived from the Electronic Death Registration System (EDRS) between 2005 and 2015. Subsequently, we calculated the crude and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and their trends for different types of gastrointestinal cancers based on age groups and gender over the study period. RESULTS: A total of 6547 deaths from gastrointestinal cancers were identified, with an average age of 66.0 ± 16.4 years. The crude and age-standardized mortality rates for gastrointestinal cancers were respectively 10.9 and 15.0 per 100,000 population in 2005 which significantly increased to 17.4 and 19.4 per 100,000 population in 2015 (P < 0.001). The ASMR for colon, pancreatic, and oral cancers showed an increasing trend; for small intestine cancers, a decreasing trend; and for esophageal, gastric, rectal, and hepatobiliary cancers displayed an almost constant trend. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows a higher ASMR and an increasing trend of gastrointestinal cancers in Fars province. Prevention and early diagnosis programs with screening techniques should be implemented to control the mortality rate of gastrointestinal cancers in the future.


Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/mortality , Mortality/trends , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cause of Death , Female , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Humans , Iran/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Time Factors
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