miR-584-5p Inhibits Osteosarcoma Progression by Targeting Connective Tissue Growth Factor.

Background: miR-584-5p is a critical regulator in the progression of multiple cancers. However, its specific role and downstream targets in osteosarcoma are unclear. This research investigated the roles and underlying mechanisms of miR-769-5p and the Hippo pathway in osteosarcoma cells. Materials and Methods: RT-qPCR, CCK-8 and EdU and colony formation, wound-healing and transwell chamber, flow cytometry, and Western blot assay detected the expression of miR-584-5p and CTGF, cell proliferation, migration, invasion apoptosis and protein expression. Result: Their study illuminated that miR-584-5p overexpression repressed osteosarcoma cell migration/invasion and proliferation and facilitated apoptosis. Mechanistically, miR-584-5p targets negatively regulated connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). miR-584-5p inhibited osteosarcoma cell metastasis by regulating CTGF. In addition, miR-584-5p inactivated the Hippo pathway through CTGF in osteosarcoma. Conclusion: miR-584-5p inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promotes apoptosis by targeting CTGF, indicating that miR-584-5p acts as a promising diagnostic and predictive biomarker for osteosarcoma.

A randomized controlled study of two different fixations in anterior cervical discectomy of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Background: To compare the efficacy of anterior cervical discectomy and hybrid fusion (ACDHF) with short-segment plate plus self-locking, stand-alone intervertebral cages versus traditional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with long-segment plate for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (MCSM). Methods: All the patients were randomly divided into two groups. 30 cases underwent ACDHF with short-segment plate and self-locking stand-alone cages (hybrid group), while the other 30 cases received ACDF with long-segment plate (control group). In patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, operation time, blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, length of stay (LOS), visual analogue scale for neck pain (VASNP) scores, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the cervical lordosis before and after the operation (5 days, 3, 6, 12 months after operation and final follow-up) were evaluated. The postoperative complications were analyzed as well. Results: All operations were performed uneventfully with followed-up. Compared with ACDF, ACDHF showed a shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage (p < 0.05). There were no significant difference in LOS between two groups (p ˃ 0.05). Both approaches significantly improved the JOA scores, VASNP scores and the cervical lordosis (p < 0.05). Based on Bazaz grading system, hybrid group had a lower incidence of dysphagia than control group in follow-up periods of 5 days, 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). Conclusion: ACDF and ACDHF are both effective methods of restoring cervical lordosis following MCSM, but hybrid surgery minimizes intraoperative injury and postoperative dysphagia, making it a viable treatment option for the disorder.

A Novel Inhibitor INF 39 Promotes Osteogenesis via Blocking the NLRP3/IL-1ß Axis.

Purpose: A balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential to maintain skeletal integrity, regulating bone metabolism and bone remodeling. The nucleotide binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is known as a cytosolic complex involved in producing proinflammatory cytokines consisting of interleukin- (IL-) 1ß, which accelerates the occurrence of osteoporosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of a novel NLRP3 inhibitor INF 39 on bone formation and bone resorption. Material and Methods. Cell viability of INF 39-treated osteoclasts and calvarial osteoblasts was tested by CCK-8 assays. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate gene expression level during osteoblast and osteoclast formation. Western blot analysis was used to determine the effect of INF 39 on osteogenic and osteoclast-related proteins. Result: It was shown that INF 39 promotes osteoblast differentiation via inhibiting NLRP3, thereby reducing the production of IL-1ß dependent on NLRP3 in vitro. However, RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation is not influenced by INF 39 in vitro. Conclusion: Our study suggests that NLRP3 could be a new target and INF 39 may be a potential option for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

TiO2nanotubes-MoS2/PDA-LL-37 exhibits efficient anti-bacterial activity and facilitates new bone formation under near-infrared laser irradiation.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2), as one of the titanium (Ti)-based implants, holds a promise for a variety of anti-bacterial application in medical research. In the current study, a functional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/polydopamine (PDA)-LL-37 coating on titanium dioxide (TiO2) implant was prepared. Anodic oxidation and hydrothermal treatment was given to prepare TiO2nanotubes-MoS2/PDA-LL-37 (T-M/P-L). Thein vitroosteogenic effect of T-M/P-L was evaluated by measuring mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization, collagen secretion and osteoblast-specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression. The determination on the anti-bacterial ability of T-M/P-L was followed. Furthermore, the ability of T-M/P-L to promote bone formationin vivowas evaluated. Near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation exposure enabled the T-M/P-L coating-endowed Ti substrates to hold effective anti-bacterial ability. T-M/P-L promoted the adhesion and proliferation of MSCs. In addition, an increase was witnessed regarding the ALP activity, collagen secretion and ECM mineralization, along with the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2, ALP and osteocalcin in the presence of T-M/P-L. Additionally, T-M/P-L could stimulate endothelial cells to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and promote capillary-like tubule formation. Upon NIR laser irradiation exposure, T-M/P-L not only exhibited efficientin vivoanti-bacterial activity but also facilitated new bone formation. Collectively, T-M/P-L had enhanced anti-bacterial and osteogenic activity under NIR laser irradiation.

Post-Fracture Osteolysis of the Superior Pubic Ramus.

Post-fracture osteolysis of the pubic bone is a rare entity characterized by destructive changes in the pubic bone. We report a case of a 70-year-old woman who presented with a four-month history of left-sided groin pain radiating to the left hip. The radiographs showed osteolysis of the left superior pubic ramus, mimicking a malignant lesion. Histological examination showed no evidence of malignancy. After eight weeks of conservative treatment, the pain was significantly relieved. Post-fracture osteolysis may simulate malignancy; physicians should be aware of that to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures.

Tumor Customized 2D Supramolecular Nanodiscs for Ultralong Tumor Retention and Precise Photothermal Therapy of Highly Heterogeneous Cancers.

Target therapy for highly heterogeneous cancers represents a major clinical challenge due to the lack of recurrent therapeutic targets identified in these tumors. Herein, the authors report a tumor-customized targeting photothermal therapy (PTT) strategy for highly heterogeneous cancers, by which 2D supramolecular self-assembled nanodiscs are modified with tumor-specific binding peptides identified by phage display techniques. Taking osteosarcoma (OS) as a model heterogeneous cancer, an OS targeting peptide (OTP) is first selected after biopanning and is demonstrated to successfully bind to this heterogeneous cancer cells/tissues. Successful conjugation of OTP to heptamethine cyanine (Cy7)-based 2D nanodiscs Cy7-TCF (2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran,TCF) enables the 2D nanodiscs to specifically target the heterogeneous tumor. Notably, a single dose injection of this targeted nanodisc (T-ND) not only effectively induces enhanced photothermal tumor ablation under near-infrared light, but also exhibits sevenfold increase of tumor retention time (more than 24 days) compared to generic nanomedicine. Thus, the authors' findings suggest that the combination of phage display-based affinity peptides selection and 2D supramolecular nanodiscs leads to the development of a platform technology for highly heterogeneous cancers precise therapy, offering specific tumor targeting, ultralong tumor retention, and precise PTT.

Unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy versus percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy (UBE) is a rapidly growing surgical method that uses arthroscopic system for treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), while percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) has been standardized as a representative minimally invasive spine surgical technique for LDH. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes between UBE and PELD for treatment of patients with LDH. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 54 patients who underwent UBE (24 cases) and PELD (30 cases) who were followed up for at least 6 months. All patients had lumber disc herniation for 1 level. Outcomes of the patients were assessed with operation time, incision length, hospital stay, total blood loss (TBL), intraoperative blood loss (IBL), hidden blood loss (HBL), complications, total hospitalization costs, visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and modified MacNab criteria. RESULTS: The VAS scores and ODI decreased significantly in two groups after operation. Preoperative and 1 day, 1 month, 6 months after operation VAS and ODI scores were not significantly different between the two groups. Compared with PELD group, UBE group was associated with higher TBL, higher IBL, higher HBL, longer operation time, longer hospital stay, longer incision length, and more total hospitalization costs. However, a dural tear occurred in one patient of the UBE group. There was no significant difference in the rate of complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Application of UBE for treatment of lumbar disc herniation yielded similar clinical outcomes to PELD, including pain control and patient satisfaction. However, UBE was associated with various disadvantages relative to PELD, including increased total, intraoperative and hidden blood loss, longer operation times, longer hospital stays, and more total hospitalization costs.

Acacetin inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and LPS-induced bone loss by modulating NFATc1 transcription.

Osteolytic disorders are characterized by impaired bone volume and trabecular structure that leads to severe fragility fractures. Studies have shown that excessive osteoclast activity causes impaired bone microstructure, a sign of osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis. Approaches of inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption specifically could prevent osteoporosis and other osteolytic disorders. Acacetin is a potent molecule extracted from plants with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, that acacetin repressed osteoclastogenesis, formation of F-actin rings, bone resorption activity, and osteoclast-related gene expression in vitro through modulating ERK, P38, and NF-κB signaling pathways and preventing expression of NFATc1. Micro-CT and H & E staining results indicated that acacetin alleviated LPS-induced osteolysis in vivo. Overall, our findings suggested that acacetin could help to prevent osteoporosis and other osteoclast-related osteolytic disorders.

The Effect of Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Compared with Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Combined with Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Program on Patients with Lumbar Degenerative Disease at Short-Term Follow-Up.

PURPOSE: Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) approach has been increasingly frequently performed in recent years. However, neither studies of OLIF approach nor the researches of the application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in spinal surgery are relatively rare. Here, our study is aimed at investigating the therapeutic effects of the application of OLIF compared with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) approach combined with ERAS in dealing with this disorder at short-term follow-up. Material and Methods. Thirty-eight patients who undergone OLIF and forty patients who undergone TLIF with pedicle screws were included in our study. The concept of ERAS was applied in the perioperative period of the patients. Preoperative and postoperative laboratory test indexes of blood were examined and evaluated in all individuals. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and Clinical Symptom Score of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) were used in preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up. Satisfaction survey was also performed after surgery. RESULT: The postoperative results of red blood count, C-reaction protein, D-dimer, and albumin were still within the reference ranges in most of the patients. It was shown that objective evaluations including VAS score, ODI index, and JOA score were significantly improved after OLIF and TLIF surgery. The follow-up of 6 months after surgery showed that VAS, ODI, and JOA were improved more in the OLIF group than that in the TLIF group. The overall satisfaction (satisfied and very satisfied) was 95% and 97.4% in the TLIF group and the OLIF group, respectively, and there was no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that OLIF and TLIF approach were both rather effective therapies for patients with lumbar degenerative diseases. The effect of OLIF procedure could be better than TLIF procedure in the early stage after surgery.

Hydroxyapatite-Coated Titanium by Micro-Arc Oxidation and Steam-Hydrothermal Treatment Promotes Osseointegration.

Titanium (Ti)-based alloys are widely used in tissue regeneration with advantages of improved biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and cell attachment. To obtain bioactive bone-implant interfaces with enhanced osteogenic capacity, various methods have been developed to modify the surface physicochemical properties of bio-inert Ti and Ti alloys. Nano-structured hydroxyapatite (HA) formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a synthetic material, which could facilitate osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and angiogenesis on the Ti surface. In this paper, we applied MAO and steam-hydrothermal treatment (SHT) to produce HA-coated Ti, hereafter called Ti-M-H. The surface morphology of Ti-M-H1 was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the element composition and the roughness of Ti-M-H1 were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Bruker stylus profiler, demonstrating the deposition of nano-HA particles on Ti surfaces that were composed of Ca, P, Ti, and O. Then, the role of Ti-M-H in osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro was evaluated. The data illustrated that Ti-M-H1 showed a good compatibility with osteoblasts (OBs), which promoted adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. Additionally, the secretion of ALP, Col-1, and extracellular matrix mineralization was increased by OBs treated with Ti-M-H1. Ti-M-H1 could stimulate endothelial cells to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor and promote the formation of capillary-like networks. Next, it was revealed that Ti-M-H1 also suppressed inflammation by activating macrophages, while releasing multiple active factors to mediate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Finally, in vivo results uncovered that Ti-M-H1 facilitated a higher bone-to-implant interface and was more attractive for the dendrites, which promoted osseointegration. In summary, MAO and SHT-treated Ti-M-H1 not only promotes in vitro osteogenesis and angiogenesis but also induces M2 macrophages to regulate the immune environment, which enhances the crosstalk between osteogenesis and angiogenesis and ultimately accelerates the process of osseointegration in vivo.

Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cell Subpopulations and Their Implications in Tendon Biology.

Tendon harbors a cell population that possesses stem cell characteristics such as clonogenicity, multipotency and self-renewal capacity, commonly referred to as tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). Various techniques have been employed to study how TSPCs are implicated in tendon development, homeostasis and healing. Recent advances in single-cell analysis have enabled much progress in identifying and characterizing distinct subpopulations of TSPCs, which provides a more comprehensive view of TSPCs function in tendon biology. Understanding the mechanisms of physiological and pathological processes regulated by TSPCs, especially a particular subpopulation, would greatly benefit treatment of diseased tendons. Here, we summarize the current scientific literature on the various subpopulations of TSPCs, and discuss how TSPCs can contribute to tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis, as well as examine the key modulatory signaling pathways that determine stem/progenitor cell state. A better understanding of the roles that TSPCs play in tendon biology may facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies for tendon diseases.

Composite Coating of Graphene Oxide/TiO2 Nanotubes/HHC-36 Antibacterial Peptide Construction and an Exploration of Its Bacteriostat and Osteogenesis Effects.

Graphene oxide (GO), a kind of polymer, is often selected as a controlled released agent, whereas titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes are commonly used as a drug-coated carrier. This study was conducted to develop methods for manufacturing the GO/TiO2/HHC-36 composite coating and exploring its bacteriostat and osteogenesis properties. The GO/TiO2 nanotubes were prepared by electrochemical methods and HHC-36 was then adsorbed to GO/TiO2to obtain GO/TiO2/HHC-36. Sustained release of HHC-36 was analyzed and the antibacterial effect was examined by the inhibition zone test. The biocompatibility and osteogenesis in vitro of GO/TiO2/HHC-36 were explored. Finally, the osteogenesic property of the composite coating was investigated in a rat femoral defect model in vivo. GO/TiO2/HHC-36 was successfully prepared and had good controlled released performance in vitro. The inhibit zone size of S. aureus was 2.1 mm and that of E. coli was 3.0 mm. GO/TiO2/HHC-36 showed good biocompatibility with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and promoted their adhesion, migration, and differentiation. In addition, the secretion of alkaline phosphatase, collagen, mineralized matrix and osteoblast-related nutrient factors of MSCs was increased after treatment with GO/TiO2/HHC-36. Furthermore, GO/TiO2/HHC-36 also stimulated endotheliocytes to secrete VEGF, leading to angiogenesis. Finally, implantation of GO/TiO2/HHC-36 in the rat femur defect model resulted in MSC migration and increased expression of osteoblast related proteins. The composite coating with controlled released of HHC-36 showed distinct antibacterial properties and promoted osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo.

Development and Verification of a Hypoxic Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis, Immune Microenvironment, and Chemosensitivity for Osteosarcoma.

Objective: Hypoxic tumors contribute to local failure and distant metastases. Nevertheless, the molecular hallmarks of hypoxia remain ill-defined in osteosarcoma. Here, we developed a hypoxic gene signature in osteosarcoma prognoses. Methods: With the random survival forest algorithm, a prognostic hypoxia-related gene signature was constructed for osteosarcoma in the TARGET cohort. Overall survival (OS) analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, multivariate cox regression analysis, and subgroup analysis were utilized for assessing the predictive efficacy of this signature. Also, external validation was presented in the GSE21257 cohort. GSEA was applied for signaling pathways involved in the high- and low-risk samples. Correlation analyses between risk score and immune cells, stromal/immune score, immune checkpoints, and sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs were performed in osteosarcoma. Then, a nomogram was built by integrating risk score, age, and gender. Results: A five-hypoxic gene signature was developed for predicting survival outcomes of osteosarcoma patients. ROC curves confirmed that this signature possessed the well predictive performance on osteosarcoma prognosis. Furthermore, it could be independently predictive of prognosis. Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 and nitrogen metabolism were activated in the high-risk samples while cell adhesion molecules cams and intestinal immune network for IgA production were enriched in the low-risk samples. The low-risk samples were characterized by elevated immune cell infiltrations, stromal/immune scores, TNFRSF4 expression, and sensitivity to cisplatin. The nomogram accurately predicted 1-, 3-, and 5-years survival duration. Conclusion: These findings might offer an insight into the optimization of prognosis risk stratification and individualized therapy for osteosarcoma patients.

Coating of Epimedii Folium Water Extract onto TiO2 Nanotube Surfaces Promotes Differentiation and Proliferation of Osteoblasts.

The surface modification of titanium is effective in promoting osseointegration and is widely used in the treatment of bone diseases. Epimedii Folium (EF) plays an important role in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. However, few studies have so far been reported on their combined use in such treatments. In the present study, EF water extract was coated onto the surface of TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) by electrochemical anodization to obtain EF-TNT. Through analysis of surface morphology characteristics, it was demonstrated that EF was successfully coated on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes. In vitro drug release data suggested that the quantity of EF water extract released was a significant quantity over 4 days, reaching a total of 80%, the release continuing in total for approximately 2 weeks. By using scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescent staining, it was found that, EF-TNT more strongly promoted adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts compared with Ti and TNT. Quantitative reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that the expression of key genes for proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, such as COL1a1, ALP, OPN, and Runx2, were up-regulated by EF-TNT. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that EF water extract not only regulated the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts but also caused a regulatory effect on osteoclasts via multiple signaling pathways, such as RANKL-RANK-induced signaling and TGF-ß signaling. These findings indicate that the EF-TNT promotes differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts, and represents considerable potential for use in clinical applications.

The impact of miR-9 in osteosarcoma: A study based on meta-analysis, TCGA data, and bioinformatics analysis.

The function of miR-9 in osteosarcoma is not well-investigated and controversial. Therefore, we conducted meta-analysis to explore the role of miR-9 in osteosarcoma, and collected relevant TCGA data to further testify the result. In addition, bioinformatics analysis was conducted to investigate the mechanism and related pathways of miR-9-3p in osteosarcoma.Literature search was operated on databases up to February 19, 2020, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Wiley Online Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, Chongqing VIP, and Wan Fang Data. The relation of miR-9 expression with survival outcome was estimated by hazard ratio (HRs) and 95% CIs. Meta-analysis was conducted on the Stata 12.0 (Stata Corporation, TX). To further assess the function of miR-9 in osteosarcoma, relevant data from the TCGA database was collected. Three databases, miRDB, miRPathDB 2.0, and Targetscan 7.2, were used for prediction of target genes. Genes present in these 3 databases were considered as predicted target genes of miR-9-3p. Venny 2.1 were used for intersection analysis. Subsequently, GO, KEGG, and PPI network analysis were conducted based on the overlapping target genes of miR-9-3p to explore the possible molecular mechanism in osteosarcoma.Meta-analysis shown that overexpression of miR-9 was associated with worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 4.180, 95% CI: 2.880-6.066, P < .001, I = 23.5%). Based on TCGA data, osteosarcoma patients with overexpression of miR-9-3p (HR = 1.603, 95% CI: 1.028-2.499, P = .037) and miR-9-5p (HR = 1.698, 95% CI: 1.133-2.545, P = .01) also suffered poor OS. In bioinformatics analysis, 2 significant and important pathways were enriched: Wnt signaling pathway from gene ontology analysis (gene ontology:0016055, P-adjust = .008); hippo signaling pathway from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis (P-adjust = .007). Moreover, network analysis relevant protein-protein interaction was visualized, revealing 117 nodes and 161 edges.High miR-9 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Based on bioinformatics analysis, this study enhanced the understanding of the mechanism and related pathways of miR-9 in osteosarcoma.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antibacterial activity of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)-loaded TiO2 nanotubes.

Artificial joint replacement is an effective surgical method for treating end-stage degenerative joint diseases, but peripheral bacterial infection of prosthesis can compromise the effect of the surgery. Herein, antibacterial effects of titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) coated with polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) were examined via in vitro and in vivo experiments. TNTs with a pore diameter 46.4 ± 5.9 nm and length of 300-500 nm for the slice and 650-800 nm for the rod were fabricated by anodization. Then, 3.46 ± 0.40 mg and 1.27 ± 0.28 mg of PHMG were coated onto the TNT slice and rod, respectively. In vitro studies of the release of PHMG showed that the antibacterial agent was released in two stages: initial burst release and relatively slow release. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial studies showed that the PHMG-loaded TNTs (PHMG-TNTs) had excellent antibacterial abilities to prevent bacterial infections. Clinical pathological analysis of rabbit femurs indicated that the implanted PHMG-TNTs had no apparent pathological changes. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of the femur tissues around the implants showed that the expression of osteogenic-related genes, including runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor A, was significantly upregulated in the PHMG-TNT implanted group as compared to the other groups. Overall, these findings provide a promising approach for the fabrication of antibacterial and bone biocompatible titanium-based implants in orthopedics.

A correlative studies between osteoporosis and blood cell composition: Implications for auxiliary diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is defined as a metabolic skeletal disease characterized by a decrease of the bone mass per unit volume, caused by a variety of reasons. Increasing evidence indicate that the host inflammatory response was correlated with the occurrence and development of osteoporosis, and it has been recognized that T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes play a critical role in pathogenesis of inflammatory bone disease. Between January 2018 and December 2018, retrospective analysis of 487 patients (exclusion of patients with recent infections and hematologic disorders whose leukocyte counts or classifications are markedly abnormal) who underwent bone mineral density (BMD) examinations in Huzhou Central Hospital. The patients were divided into normal bone density group, osteopenia group, and osteoporosis group according to the T score of BMD in the left femoral neck, respectively. Statistics of the lymphocyte ratio and the monocyte ratio in the blood routine examination results during the same period were performed so as to make a comparison of the differences among the groups. The correlation of the lymphocyte ratio and monocyte ratio with the T score of BMD in the left femoral neck was also analyzed. The difference between neutrocyte ratio lymphocyte ratio and the monocyte ratio was statistically significant in both males and females among the normal bone density group, osteopenia group and osteoporosis group (P < .01 or P < .05). Inflammation plays an important role in the progression of osteoporosis. By monitoring these three indicators in blood routine examination, early intervention for osteoporosis may become possible.

Ultrasonic examination of differences in bone density of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats constructed by different methods.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is one of the main complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We investigated the bone density in rat model of COPD induced by different method. METHODS: We developed seven distinct groups to evaluate the differences in bone density. Based on these seven different ways, rats were categorized into distinct groups in which simple cigarette inhalation, sulfur dioxide inhalation, lipopolysaccharide intubation, protease induction, bacterial nasal injection, smoking combined with endotoxin, smoking combined bacterial infection, and smoking combined with protease were tested. The results from the male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to construct the COPD model, and then the bone density of the rats' right femurs was examined by the ultrasonic bone density testing. RESULTS: The compound factor-induced COPD rat model provides a better simulation of the clinical characteristics and pathophysiological processes of COPD. Smoking combined with bacterial infection method has the most apparent effect on reducing bone density, with statistical differences (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The COPD rat model constructed by the combination of smoking and bacterial infection method has a much lower bone density.

[Establishment of a novel mouse mode of elastase-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related osteoporosis].

OBJECTIVE: To establish and evaluate the model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with osteoporosis induced by elastase in mice. METHODS: Twenty four healthy female 8-week-old C57BL / 6 mice (weighing about 18 g) were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was given intratracheal drip of normal saline, the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2 were given intratracheal drip of elastase, the control group and the experimental group 1 were kept for 8 weeks and then killed, the experimental group 2 was kept for 12 weeks and then killed. HE staining was used to evaluate the histopathological changes of lung and tibia in the control and experimental groups. The levels of serum inflammatory factors and broncho alveolar lavage factors (BALF) were detected by ELISA. Micro CT was used to detect the bone mass related parameters of mouse femur. The expression of osteoclastic and osteogenic genes was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Lung histopathology showed that the structure of alveoli in the experimental group was disordered, the walls of alveoli became thin or broken, and the alveoli cavity expanded. IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.001), while IL-1ß and TNF-α in serum inflammatory factors were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.001). BV / TV(bone volume fraction), TB.Th(average bone trabecular thickness) and TB.N(average bone trabecular number) in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), TB.Sp (average bone trabecular separation) and BS / BV (bone surface area fraction) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of osteoclast related marker genes increased in the experimental group (P<0.05), but decreased in the experimental group(P<0.05). The results of experiment 1 and experiment 2 were time-dependent. CONCLUSION: In this study, elastase was used to construct a COPD model with osteoporosis successfully, which provides a suitable animal model for the future study of the pathogenesis of COPD with osteoporosis.