Telematic Interview in Telepharmacy: a comprehensive guide for pharmacotherapeutic follow-up and and informed drug delivery. / [Artículo traducido] Entrevista telemática en telefarmacia: documento de consenso para el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico y la entrega informada de medicamentos.

Telepharmacy is defined as the practice of remote pharmaceutical care, using information and communication technologies. Given its growing importance in outpatient pharmaceutical care, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy developed a consensus document, Guía de entrevista telemática en atención farmacéutica, as part of its strategy for the development and expansion of telepharmacy, with key recommendations for effective pharmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed dispensing and delivery of medications through telematic interviews. The document was developed by a working group of hospital pharmacists with experience in the field. It highlights the benefits of telematic interviewing for patients, hospital pharmacy professionals, and the healthcare system as a whole, reviews the various tools for conducting telematic interviews, and provides recommendations for each phase of the interview. These recommendations cover aspects such as tool/platform selection, patient selection, obtaining authorization and consent, assessing technological skills, defining objectives and structure, scheduling appointments, reviewing medical records, and ensuring humane treatment. Telematic interview is a valuable complement to face-to-face consultations but its novelty requires a strategic and formal framework that this consensus document aims to cover. The use of appropriate communication tools and compliance with recommended procedures ensure patient safety and satisfaction. By implementing telematic interviews, healthcare institutions can improve patient care, optimize the use of resources and promote continuity of care.

Telematic interview in telepharmacy: consensus document for farmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed drug delivery.

Telepharmacy is defined as the practice of remote pharmaceutical care, using information and communication technologies. Given its growing importance in outpatient pharmaceutical care, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy developed a consensus document, "Guía de entrevista telemática en atención farmacéutica," as part of its strategy for the development and expansion of telepharmacy, with key recommendations for effective pharmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed dispensing and delivery of medications through telematic interviews. The document was developed by a working group of hospital pharmacists with experience in the field. It highlights the benefits of telematic interviewing for patients, hospital pharmacy professionals, and the healthcare system as a whole, reviews the various tools for conducting telematic interviews, and provides recommendations for each phase of the interview. These recommendations cover aspects such as tool/platform selection, patient selection, obtaining authorization and consent, assessing technological skills, defining objectives and structure, scheduling appointments, reviewing medical records, and ensuring humane treatment. Telematic interview is a valuable complement to face-to-face consultations but its novelty requires a strategic and formal framework that this consensus document aims to cover. The use of appropriate communication tools and compliance with recommended procedures ensure patient safety and satisfaction. By implementing telematic interviews, healthcare institutions can improve patient care, optimize the use of resources and promote continuity of care.

The Telepharmacy patient prioritisation model of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy.

The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy Position Paper on Telepharmacy states that the inclusion of patients should take into account  ethical considerations and, therefore, be based on the concept of equity. Thus, it establishes that Telepharmacy should not be limited to specific  pathologies or medicines, but should be based on the individual needs of each patient: it also highlights the need to rely on selection or prioritisation models to help identify patients who can benefit from  Telepharmacy. The aim of this article is to present the Spanish Society of  Hospital Pharmacy Telepharmacy Patient Prioritisation Model, which establishes  key recommendations and a reference prioritisation model to guide  hospital pharmacists in the identification and prioritisation of patients  who are candidates for inclusion in Telepharmacy programmes. This model was  developed based on the experience of a group of experts in their clinical  practice as well as on a review of the main reference documents available in  this field. It comprises 25 criteria, grouped into 8 minimum inclusion criteria, 5 continuity criteria, and 12 recommended criteria. The latter criteria are divided  into high, medium, and low priority criteria. Patients are prioritised according  to their scores on meeting the recommended criteria, such that those with the  highest scores are given the highest priority. As stated in the Spanish Society  of Hospital Pharmacy Position Paper on Telepharmacy, pharmacotherapeutic  monitoring can be conducted via remote consultation without sending  medication, but not vice versa; thus, the 25 criteria defined apply to  Telepharmacy programmes in the area of the remote dispensing and informed  delivery of medicines, but only 19 of them apply to pharmacotherapeutic  monitoring programmes. The model presented is intended to be a reference  guide and should be adapted to the particular characteristics and  circumstances of each pharmacy service, depending on demand and available  resources.

La Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria, en su Documento de  osicionamiento sobre Telefarmacia, establece que la inclusión de pacientes debe tener en cuenta consideraciones éticas y, por tanto, estar  basada en el concepto de equidad. Por ello, establece que la Telefarmacia no  debe restringirse por patologías ni medicamentos, sino en función de las  necesidades individuales de cada paciente, y destaca la necesidad de apoyarse en modelos de selección o priorización que ayuden en la  identificación de los pacientes que puedan beneficiarse de la Telefarmacia. El  objetivo de este artículo es presentar el "Modelo de priorización de pacientes  en Telefarmacia de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria", que pretende establecer recomendaciones clave y un modelo de priorización de referencia que sirva de orientación a los farmacéuticos especialistas en farmacia hospitalaria para la identificación y priorización de pacientes candidatos a ser incluidos en programas de Telefarmacia. El modelo  a sido desarrollado en base a la experiencia de un grupo de expertos en su práctica clínica y a la revisión de los principales documentos de referencia disponibles en este ámbito y está conformado por un total de 25  criterios, agrupados en 8 criterios mínimos de inclusión, 5 criterios de  continuidad y 12 criterios recomendables. Estos últimos se dividen en criterios  de alta, media y baja prioridad. En función de las puntuaciones obtenidas del  cumplimiento de los criterios recomendables, se establece el orden de  prioridad de pacientes, de modo que aquellos que mayor puntuación obtengan  serán los más prioritarios. Tal como recoge el "Documento de Posicionamiento sobre Telefarmacia de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria", puede  haber seguimiento farmacoterapéutico por teleconsulta sin envío de medicación, pero no al contrario, por lo que los 25 criterios definidos aplican a  programas de Telefarmacia en el ámbito de la dispensación y entrega informada de medicamentos a distancia, pero solamente 19 de ellos aplican para los programas de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico. El modelo que se  presenta ha sido concebido como un marco de referencia y deberá adaptarse a las características y circunstancias particulares de cada servicio de farmacia,  en función de la demanda y de los recursos disponibles.

Modelo de priorización de pacientes en Telefarmacia de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria / The Telepharmacy patient prioritisation model of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy

La Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria, en su Documento de Posicionamiento sobre Telefarmacia, establece que la inclusión de pacientesdebe tener en cuenta consideraciones éticas y, por tanto, estar basada enel concepto de equidad. Por ello, establece que la Telefarmacia no deberestringirse por patologías ni medicamentos, sino en función de las necesidades individuales de cada paciente, y destaca la necesidad de apoyarseen modelos de selección o priorización que ayuden en la identificaciónde los pacientes que puedan beneficiarse de la Telefarmacia. El objetivode este artículo es presentar el “Modelo de priorización de pacientes enTelefarmacia de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria”, quepretende establecer recomendaciones clave y un modelo de priorizaciónde referencia que sirva de orientación a los farmacéuticos especialistas enfarmacia hospitalaria para la identificación y priorización de pacientescandidatos a ser incluidos en programas de Telefarmacia. El modelo hasido desarrollado en base a la experiencia de un grupo de expertos en supráctica clínica y a la revisión de los principales documentos de referenciadisponibles en este ámbito y está conformado por un total de 25 criterios,agrupados en 8 criterios mínimos de inclusión, 5 criterios de continuidad y 12 criterios recomendables. Estos últimos se dividen en criterios de alta,media y baja prioridad. En función de las puntuaciones obtenidas del cumplimiento de los criterios recomendables, se establece el orden de prioridadde pacientes, de modo que aquellos que mayor puntuación obtengan seránlos más prioritarios. (AU)

The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy Position Paper on Telepharmacy states that the inclusion of patients should take into account ethicalconsiderations and, therefore, be based on the concept of equity. Thus,it establishes that Telepharmacy should not be limited to specific pathologies or medicines, but should be based on the individual needs of eachpatient: it also highlights the need to rely on selection or prioritisationmodels to help identify patients who can benefit from Telepharmacy. Theaim of this article is to present the Spanish Society of Hospital PharmacyTelepharmacy Patient Prioritisation Model, which establishes key recommendations and a reference prioritisation model to guide hospital pharmacists in the identification and prioritisation of patients who are candidatesfor inclusion in Telepharmacy programmes. This model was developedbased on the experience of a group of experts in their clinical practiceas well as on a review of the main reference documents available in thisfield. It comprises 25 criteria, grouped into 8 minimum inclusion criteria,5 continuity criteria, and 12 recommended criteria. The latter criteria aredivided into high, medium, and low priority criteria. Patients are prioritisedaccording to their scores on meeting the recommended criteria, such that those with the highest scores are given the highest priority. (AU)

Patient Experience Evaluation of the CMO-Based Pharmaceutical Care Model vs Usual Care in People Living with HIV.

Objective: To compare patient experience in a real-life population of people living with HIV (PLWH) who received pharmaceutical care (PC) based on the Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity (CMO) model versus the traditional model. Methods: Prospective cohort study in PLWH receiving either CMO-based PC or traditional PC in Spain between October 2019 and June 2021 (24 weeks), performed by the pharmacy department of 14 Spanish hospitals. Participants were adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of HIV treated with antiretrovirals who had been monitored in the participating hospital pharmacies for >1 year. Patient experience (IEXPAC questionnaire), clinical outcomes (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, glycated haemoglobin, and blood pressure), adherence to treatment, virologic control and patient satisfaction were determined. Results: Patient experience in the CMO group at week 24 was significantly better (7.6 vs 6.9) than in the traditional group, with a higher mean improvement. Adherence was better in the CMO group, particularly with regard to concomitant medications (53.2% to 91.7%, p<0.001); no changes were observed in the traditional group. Patient satisfaction improved in the CMO group vs the traditional group (48 vs 44, p<0.001). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare CMO vs traditional methodology. The CMO model showed an overall improvement in real-life patient experience, satisfaction, and adherence to treatment compared to the traditional methodology.

Development of a risk stratification model for pharmaceutical care in HIV patients / Desarrollo de un modelo de estratificación de atención farmacéutica destinado a pacientes VIH+

Background: The increasing number of HIV-patients and their complexity makes it necessary to develop risk classification tools to improve the optimization of resources. Objective: To design a risk-stratified model for pharmaceutical care (PC) in HIV-patients. Methods: A cross-sectional, multicenter study. An expert panel was created by Hospital Pharmacist experienced in PC for HIV-patients. The study was designed in 4 phases. The first phase included a review of literature and the development of a summary of the scientific evidence available. According to their score, patients were stratified into three levels of PC. In the second and third phases, a sample of patients was assessed and data information was recorded. The overall analysis also allowed pharmacists to define the actions to be applied at each level of priority. Finally, each stratification model was applied to a new sample of patients to verify their applicability and usefulness. Results: All variables included in the model were weighted in terms of their relative relevance compared to the rest. A sample of 215 patients was evaluated to obtain their score and distribution: Priority-1: score ≥ 32 and 10% of the sample; Priority-2: 18-31.9 and 30%; Priority-3: ≤ 17 and 60%. The PC interventions corresponding to each level of priority were classified into ‘pharmacotherapeutic monitoring’, ‘training, education and patient tracking’ and ‘coordination of all the healthcare team members’. Conclusions: This study supported the design and adaptation of a selection and stratification model for PC in HIV-patients as a tool to identify those who may benefit from priority intervention (AU)

Antecedentes: El aumento del número de pacientes VIH+ en las consultas de atención farmacéutica (AF) y de su complejidad implica la necesidad de desarrollar herramientas de estratificación para mejorar la optimización de recursos. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo de estratificación en atención farmacéutica al paciente VIH+. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico trasversal llevado a cabo por un panel de experto en Farmacia Hospitalaria con experiencia en AF al paciente VIH+. El estudio consta de 4 fases. En primer lugar, se realizó una revisión de la literatura y un resumen de la evidencia científica hasta la fecha estableciendo 3 niveles de estratificación. En las fases 2 y 3 una muestra de pacientes fue analizada para definir las intervenciones específicas de cada nivel de estratificación. Finalmente, se empleó el modelo de estratificación en una nueva muestra de pacientes para comprobar su utilidad y correcta aplicación. Resultados: Las variables incluidas en el modelo fueron ponderadas en función de su relevancia. Se analizaron 215 pacientes con el nuevo modelo obteniéndose una puntuación y distribución como sigue: Prioridad-1: puntuación ≥32 y 10% de la muestra; Prioridad-2: 18-31.9 y 30%; Prioridad-3: ≤17 y 60%. Las diferentes intervenciones de cada nivel se clasificaron en ‘seguimiento farmacoterapéutico’, ‘entrenamiento y formación de pacientes’ y coordinación con el resto del equipo multidisciplinar’. Conclusión: Este el primer modelo de estratificación para la atención farmacéutica al paciente VIH+. Su uso permitirá identificar aquellos pacientes que más se podrán beneficiar de cada tipo de intervención (AU)

Development of a risk stratification model for pharmaceutical care in HIV patients.

BACKGROUND: The increasing number of HIV-patients and their complexity makes it necessary to develop risk classification tools to improve the optimization of resources. OBJECTIVE: To design a risk-stratified model for pharmaceutical care (PC) in HIV-patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional, multicenter study. An expert panel was created by Hospital Pharmacist experienced in PC for HIV-patients. The study was designed in 4 phases. The first phase included a review of literature and the development of a summary of the scientific evidence available. According to their score, patients were stratified into three levels of PC. In the second and third phases, a sample of patients was assessed and data information was recorded. The overall analysis also allowed pharmacists to define the actions to be applied at each level of priority.Finally, each stratification model was applied to a new sample of patients to verify their applicability and usefulness. Results: All variables included in the model were weighted in terms of their relative relevance compared to the rest. A sample of 215 patients was evaluated to obtain their score and distribution: Priority-1: score ≥ 32 and 10% of the sample; Priority-2: 18-31.9 and 30%; Priority-3: ≤ 17 and 60%. The PC interventions corresponding to each level of priority were classified into "pharmacotherapeutic monitoring", "training, education and patient tracking" and "coordination of all the healthcare team members". CONCLUSIONS: This study supported the design and adaptation of a selection and stratification model for PC in HIV-patients as a tool to identify those who may benefit from priority intervention.

Antecedentes: El aumento del número de pacientes VIH+ en las consultas de atención farmacéutica (AF) y de su complejidad implica la necesidad de desarrollar herramientas de estratificación para mejorar la optimización de recursos.Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo de estratificación en atención farmacéutica al paciente VIH+.Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico trasversal llevado a cabo por un panel de experto en Farmacia Hospitalaria con experiencia en AF al paciente VIH+. El estudio consta de 4 fases. En primer lugar, se realizó una revisión de la literatura y un resumen de la evidencia científica hasta la fecha estableciendo 3 niveles de estratificación. En las fases 2 y 3 una muestra de pacientes fue analizada para definir las intervenciones específicas de cada nivel de estratificación.Finalmente, se empleó el modelo de estratificación en una nueva muestra de pacientes para comprobar su utilidad y correcta aplicación.Resultados: Las variables incluidas en el modelo fueron ponderadas en función de su relevancia. Se analizaron 215 pacientes con el nuevo modelo obteniéndose una puntuación y distribución como sigue: Prioridad-1: puntuación ≥32 y 10% de la muestra; Prioridad-2: 18-31.9 y 30%; Prioridad-3: ≤17 y 60%. Las diferentes intervenciones de cada nivel se clasificaron en "seguimiento farmacoterapéutico", "entrenamiento y formación de pacientes" y coordinación con el resto del equipo multidisciplinar".Conclusión: Este el primer modelo de estratificación para la atención farmacéutica al paciente VIH+. Su uso permitirá identificar aquellos pacientes que más se podrán beneficiar de cada tipo de intervención.