Cardiac and obstetric outcomes in pregnant patients with heart disease: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac diseases complicate 4% of pregnancies, with a mortality rate between 0 and 15%. Early referral has shown to reduce the risk of maternal major cardiac events (MACEs). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of pregnant women with heart disease from two referral centers in Mexico City. We examined MACEs: maternal death, pulmonary edema, acute heart failure, endocarditis, stroke, myocardial infarction, acute aortic syndromes, arrhythmias requiring urgent treatment, and the need for an urgent intervention; preterm birth and obstetric events such as HELLP syndrome, preeclampsia, eclampsia, placental abruption, obstetric hemorrhage. We analyzed the association between each modified World Health Organization (mWHO) group and MACEs, preterm birth and obstetric outcomes between March 2014 and March 2019. RESULTS: Using the mWHO classification, 399 deliveries were included and stratified as follows: I, 162; II, 133; II-III, 21; III, 18; and IV, 52 patients. MACEs were observed in 12.5% of the cohort and were associated with mWHO II (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.1-8.1; p = 0.027), II-III (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 0.9-1.0; p = 0.116), III (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.2-23; p = 0.026), and IV (OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 2.7-24.5; p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, desaturation, previous functional class, and gestational age at referral. An association between mWHO and frequency of preterm birth was observed. Association between mWHO and obstetric events, even when adjusted, was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MACEs and preterm birth is similar to that seen worldwide; MACEs and preterm birth are associated with the severity of heart disease stratified by mWHO, but there is no association between the severity of heart disease and obstetric events.

Placenta praevia: perinatal outcomes in the experience of a third level medical unit.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the perinatal results of patients who underwent complicated pregnancy with anomalous insertion of the placenta. METHOD: We reviewed the clinical records with diagnosis of anomalous placental insertion after 34 weeks of gestation from January 2012 to January 2015. RESULTS: 200 cases were included. Diagnosis was made by endovaginal ultrasound, and 52.5% of the cases corresponded to total central placenta, 19.5% to placenta with low insertion, 18.5% to marginal placenta, and 9.5% to partial placental insertion. 24% of the pregnancies were resolved between weeks 34 and 35.6, and 76% in week 36 or more. All patients underwent cesarean: 77% were scheduled surgeries and 23% emergency surgeries. 77 patients required obstetric hysterectomy. In 58 patients, confirmed accretism by pathology. There were no maternal deaths. The most frequent complications in neonates were respiratory distress (18.5%) and newborn transitory tachypnea (5%). There was one neonatal death. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of anomalous placement of the placenta in third-level hospitals can prevent adverse perinatal outcomes. Expectant management is possible in selected patients.

OBJETIVO: Describir los resultados perinatales de pacientes que cursaron con embarazo complicado con inserción anómala de la placenta. MÉTODO: Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos con diagnóstico de inserción anómala de la placenta después de las 34 semanas de gestación de enero de 2012 a enero de 2015. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 200 casos. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante ultrasonido endovaginal. El 52.5% de los casos correspondieron a placenta central total, el 19.5% a placenta con inserción baja, el 18.5% a placenta marginal y el 9.5% a placenta con inserción parcial. El 24% de los embarazos se resolvieron entre las semanas 34 y 35.6, y el 76% en la semana 36 o más. Todas las pacientes fueron sometidas a cesárea (el 77% fueron cirugías programadas y el 23% cirugías de urgencia). Ameritaron histerectomía obstétrica 77 pacientes. En 58 pacientes se confirmó acretismo por patología. No se registraron muertes maternas. Las complicaciones más frecuentes de los neonatos fueron síndrome de distrés respiratorio (18.5%) y taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido (5%). Hubo una muerte neonatal. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento quirúrgico de la inserción anómala de la placenta realizado en hospitales de tercer nivel puede prevenir resultados perinatales adversos. Es posible el manejo expectante en pacientes seleccionadas.

Guías de práctica clínica para la atención del embarazo en mujeres con enfermedades reumáticas autoinmunes del Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología. Parte I / Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pregnancy in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases of the Mexican College of Rheumatology. Part I

Antecedentes. El embarazo en mujeres con enfermedades reumáticas autoinmunes se asocia a diversas complicaciones maternofetales. El desarrollo de guías de práctica clínica con la mejor evidencia científica disponible puede ayudar a homogeneizar la atención en estas pacientes. Objetivos. Proporcionar recomendaciones respecto al control prenatal, el tratamiento y el seguimiento más efectivo de la mujer embarazada con lupus eritematoso (LES), artritis reumatoide (AR) y síndrome por anticuerpos antifosfolípidos (SAF). Metodología. Para la elaboración de las recomendaciones se conformaron grupos nominales de expertos y se realizaron consensos formales, búsqueda sistematizada de la información, elaboración de preguntas clínicas, elaboración y calificación de las recomendaciones, fase de validación interna por pares y validación externa del documento final teniendo en cuenta los criterios de calidad del instrumento AGREE II. Resultados. Los grupos de trabajo contestaron las 37 preguntas relacionadas con la atención maternofetal en LES, AR y SAF, así como de fármacos antirreumáticos durante el embarazo y la lactancia. Las recomendaciones fueron discutidas e integradas en un manuscrito final y se elaboraron los algoritmos correspondientes. En esta primera parte se presentan las recomendaciones para mujeres embarazadas con LES. Conclusiones. La guía mexicana de práctica clínica para la atención del embarazo en mujeres con LES proporciona recomendaciones e integra la mejor evidencia disponible para el tratamiento y el seguimiento de estas pacientes (AU)

Background. Pregnancy in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases is associated with several maternal and fetal complications. The development of clinical practice guidelines with the best available scientific evidence may help standardize the care of these patients. Objectives. To provide recommendations regarding prenatal care, treatment, and a more effective monitoring of pregnancy in women with lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). Methodology. Nominal panels were formed for consensus, systematic search of information, development of clinical questions, processing and grading of recommendations, internal validation by peers, and external validation of the final document. The quality criteria of the AGREE II instrument were followed. Results. The various panels answered the 37 questions related to maternal and fetal care in SLE, RA, and APS, as well as to the use of antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy and lactation. The recommendations were discussed and integrated into a final manuscript. Finally, the corresponding algorithms were developed. We present the recommendations for pregnant women with SLE in this first part. Conclusions. We believe that the Mexican clinical practice guidelines for the management of pregnancy in women with SLE integrate the best available evidence for the treatment and follow-up of patients with these conditions (AU)

Guías de práctica clínica para la atención del embarazo en mujeres con enfermedades reumáticas autoinmunes del Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología. Parte II / Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pregnancy in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases of the Mexican College of Rheumatology. Part II

Antecedentes. El embarazo en mujeres con enfermedades reumáticas autoinmunes se asocia a diversas complicaciones materno-fetales. El desarrollo de guías de práctica clínica con la mejor evidencia científica disponible puede ayudar a homogeneizar la atención en estas pacientes. Objetivos. Proporcionar recomendaciones respecto al control prenatal, el tratamiento y el seguimiento más efectivo de la mujer embarazada con lupus eritematoso sistémico, artritis reumatoide (AR) y síndrome por anticuerpos antifosfolípidos (SAF). Metodología. Para la elaboración de las recomendaciones se conformaron grupos nominales de expertos y se realizaron consensos formales, búsqueda sistematizada de la información, elaboración de preguntas clínicas, elaboración y calificación de las recomendaciones, fase de validación interna por pares y validación externa del documento final teniendo en cuenta los criterios de calidad del instrumento AGREE II. Resultados. Los grupos de trabajo contestaron las 37 preguntas relacionadas con la atención materno-fetal en lupus eritematoso sistémico, AR y SAF, así como de fármacos antirreumáticos durante el embarazo y lactancia. Las recomendaciones fueron discutidas e integradas en un manuscrito final y se elaboraron los algoritmos correspondientes. En esta segunda parte se presentan las recomendaciones para mujeres embarazas con AR, SAF y el uso de fármacos antirreumáticos durante el embarazo y lactancia. Conclusiones. La guía mexicana de práctica clínica para la atención del embarazo en mujeres con AR y SAF integra la mejor evidencia disponible para el tratamiento y el seguimiento de estas pacientes (AU)

Background. Pregnancy in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases is associated with several maternal and fetal complications. The development of clinical practice guidelines with the best available scientific evidence may help standardize the care of these patients. Objectives. To provide recommendations regarding prenatal care, treatment, and a more effective monitoring of pregnancy in women with lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methodology. Nominal panels were formed for consensus, systematic search of information, development of clinical questions, processing and staging of recommendations, internal validation by peers and external validation of the final document. The quality criteria of the AGREE II instrument were followed. Results. The panels answered 37 questions related to maternal and fetal care in lupus erythematosus, RA and APS, as well as for use of antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy and lactation. The recommendations were discussed and integrated into a final manuscript. Finally, the corresponding algorithms were developed. In this second part, the recommendations for pregnant women with RA, APS and the use of antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy and lactation are presented. Conclusions. We believe that the Mexican clinical practice guidelines for the management of pregnancy in women with RA and APS integrate the best available evidence for the treatment and follow-up of patients with these conditions (AU)

Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pregnancy in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases of the Mexican College of Rheumatology. Part I.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases is associated with several maternal and fetal complications. The development of clinical practice guidelines with the best available scientific evidence may help standardize the care of these patients. OBJECTIVES: To provide recommendations regarding prenatal care, treatment, and a more effective monitoring of pregnancy in women with lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). METHODOLOGY: Nominal panels were formed for consensus, systematic search of information, development of clinical questions, processing and grading of recommendations, internal validation by peers, and external validation of the final document. The quality criteria of the AGREE II instrument were followed. RESULTS: The various panels answered the 37 questions related to maternal and fetal care in SLE, RA, and APS, as well as to the use of antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy and lactation. The recommendations were discussed and integrated into a final manuscript. Finally, the corresponding algorithms were developed. We present the recommendations for pregnant women with SLE in this first part. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the Mexican clinical practice guidelines for the management of pregnancy in women with SLE integrate the best available evidence for the treatment and follow-up of patients with these conditions.

Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pregnancy in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases of the Mexican College of Rheumatology. Part II.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases is associated with several maternal and fetal complications. The development of clinical practice guidelines with the best available scientific evidence may help standardize the care of these patients. OBJECTIVES: To provide recommendations regarding prenatal care, treatment, and a more effective monitoring of pregnancy in women with lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). METHODOLOGY: Nominal panels were formed for consensus, systematic search of information, development of clinical questions, processing and staging of recommendations, internal validation by peers and external validation of the final document. The quality criteria of the AGREE II instrument were followed. RESULTS: The panels answered 37 questions related to maternal and fetal care in lupus erythematosus, RA and APS, as well as for use of antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy and lactation. The recommendations were discussed and integrated into a final manuscript. Finally, the corresponding algorithms were developed. In this second part, the recommendations for pregnant women with RA, APS and the use of antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy and lactation are presented. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the Mexican clinical practice guidelines for the management of pregnancy in women with RA and APS integrate the best available evidence for the treatment and follow-up of patients with these conditions.

[Abdominal pregnancy care. Case report]. / Atención del embarazo abdominal. Comunicación de un caso.

Abdominal pregnancies are the implantation of gestation in some of the abdominal structures. This kind of pregnancies represents sevenfold maternal death risk than tubarian ectopic pregnancies, and 90-fold death risk than normal ones. Previous cases have erroneously reported as abscess in Douglas punch, and frequently result in obitus or postnatal deaths. We report a case of a patient with 27 years old, and diagnosis of 25.2 weeks of pregnancy, prior placenta and anhidramnios, referred due to difficult in uterine contour delimitation, easy palpation of fetal parts, cephalic pole in left hypochondrious and presence of mass in hypogastria, no delimitations, pain with mobilization, no transvaginal bleed and fetal movements. Interruption of pregnancy is decided by virtue of severe oligohidramnios, retardation in fetal intrabdominal growth, and recurrent maternal abdominal pain. Surgical intervention was carried out for resolution of the obstetrical event, in which was found ectopic abdominal pregnancy with bed placental in right uterine horn that corresponded to a pregnancy of 30 weeks of gestation. Abdominal pregnancy is still a challenge for obstetrics due to its diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis is oriented to prevent an intrabdominal hemorrhage that is the main maternal cause of mortality.