Intensive Family Intervention as Support for Professional Treatment: Evolution of Symptoms in a Diagnosed Case of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This article shows the progress achieved in a child who has received professional treatment combined with a family intervention at home. It discusses a 22-month-old patient identified as showing warning signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a diagnosis that was subsequently confirmed through a standardized ADOS-2 test at 31 months of age. To establish the initial working objectives, a functional diagnosis was carried out at 23 months of age using the Battelle Developmental Inventory; a maturational delay was detected, situating the child at an age equivalent to 16 months. A professional intervention was designed in an early childhood care center, complemented by family intervention, so that the hours in which the child participated in learning experiences were increased. Notable advances were made in the areas of cognitive and motor skills, with more standard scores than when initially evaluated. Progress was also observed (though to a lesser extent) in other developmental areas such as language total, adaptive behavior, and self-help, while slight delays in the areas of socio-emotional development and reasoning and academic skills were found.

Detection of Early Warning Signs in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Due to the exponential increase of autism spectrum disorders' prevalence in Western countries, it is necessary to improve early detection and intervention to enhance developmental milestones. This systematic review identified the most effective screening instrument, which can be used at an early age and which identifies the maximum number of autism cases. We identified several instruments with adequate predictive properties-the Autism Parent Screen for Infants (APSI), Battelle Development Inventory, second edition (BDI-2); Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA); First Year Inventory (FYI); Infant-Toddler Checklist/Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (ITC/CSBS-DP); Program of Research and Studies on AUTISM (PREAUT-Grid); Checklist for Early Signs of Developmental Disorders (CESDD); Social Attention and Communication Study (SACS); and the Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers and Young Children (STAT)-that can be applied from 12 months of age in Western countries. The ITC/CSBS-DP has been proposed for universal screening from 12 months of age onwards, complemented by the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised/Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F), which can be used from 15 months of age onwards. This strategy could improve early detection in at-risk children within the current health system, thus allowing for early intervention.

Relaciones comunitarias y satisfacción vital: diferencia entre delincuentes y no delincuentes / Community relations and Life satisfaction: Difference between criminals and non-criminals

Este artículo es producto de un estudio cuantitativo llevado a cabo con 150 sujetos residentes en España, entre los cuales figuran algunos presos del Centro Penitenciario de Málaga (n = 76) y algunos estudiantes de la Universidad de Málaga (n = 74). Tiene por objetivo observar fenómenos contemporáneos que están ampliando vulnerabilidad social y pensar la delincuencia a partir de ello. Las variables analizadas serán la satisfacción vital, el fatalismo, la participación social (comunitaria y política) y el sentido de comunidad. Los resultados de los análisis estadísticos indican que (1) la satisfacción vital en presos es inferior a la de universitarios; (2) el fatalismo y casi todas las dimensiones del sentido de comunidad son superiores en presos; (3) la participación política es superior en universitarios; (4) el sentido de comunidad predomina en el modelo de regresión de la satisfacción vital en presos (predicción positiva) a la vez que el fatalismo lo hace en universitarios (predicción negativa). También se verifican diferencias entre presos reincidentes y no reincidentes. Se discute la idea de crimen como "comunidad de resistencia", la relación negativa entre crimen y fatalismo (mediada por la exclusión social) y la instrumentalización de las relaciones comunitarias

This article is the result of a quantitative study carried out with 150 subjects living in Spain, among which are some prisoners of the Malaga Penitentiary Center (n = 76) and some students of the University of Málaga (n = 74). Its objective is to observe contemporary phenomena that are broadening social vulnerability and, based on that, reflect on crime. The variables analyzed will be life satisfaction, fatalism, social participation (community and political) and the sense of community. The results of the statistical analysis indicate that: 1. the life satisfaction of prisoners is lower than that of university students; 2. fatalism and almost all the dimensions of the sense of community are superior in prisoners; 3. political participation is higher in university students; 4. the sense of community predominates in the regression model of life satisfaction in prisoners (positive prediction) while fatalism does in university students (negative prediction). There are also differences between recidivist and non-recidivist prisoners. The following issues will also be discussed: the idea of crime as a "community of resistance", the negative relation between crime and fatalism (mediated by social exclusion) and the instrumentalization of community relations

Sentido de comunidad, fatalismo y participación en contextos de crisis socioeconómica / Sense of community, fatalism and participation in socio-economic crisis contexts

Se analiza la relación entre sentido de comunidad, fatalismo y participación en un contexto de crisis socioeconómica como el actual. Para ello se establecen diferencias en estas variables según distintos factores socioeconómicos: tener empleo, clase social percibida e ingresos mensuales. Se distinguen dos tipos de participación: comunitaria y sociopolítica. Con una muestra de 759 personas, los resultados muestran niveles medios en sentido de comunidad, medios-bajos en fatalismo y bajos en los dos tipos de participación. Se obtienen correlaciones significativas entre las variables: positivas para las dos dimensiones de participación con sentido de comunidad y negativas con fatalismo. El análisis de regresión indica que sentido de comunidad y fatalismo son factores predictivos para la conducta participativa. Por lo tanto, sentirse parte de la comunidad lleva a participar en ella, ya sea a través de comportamientos comunitarios o de conductas que persigan un cambio social. Pero la creencia de que el futuro ya está escrito inhibe ambos tipos de participación. En ello también influirá la percepción de estatus socioeconomic

This study analyses the relationship among sense of community, fatalism and participation in the context of the current socio-economic crisis. In order to do this, it establishes differences in these variables according to certain socio-economic factors: having a job, perceived social class and monthly income. A distinction is made between two types of participation: community participation; and socio-political participation. Based on a sample of 759 people, the results revealed an average level of sense of community, a medium-low level of fatalism and low levels of both types of participation. Significant correlations between the variables were obtained: the two dimensions of participation are positively correlated with sense of community and negatively correlated with fatalism. Regression analysis showed that sense of community and fatalism are predictors for participatory behaviour. Thus, the feeling of belonging to a community fuels participation in it, either through community behaviour or through behaviour that seeks a social change. However, the belief that the future is already written inhibits both types of participation. Perception of socioeconomic status also has influence in this fact

Evaluación de un programa de ejercicio físico supervisado en pacientes sedentarios mayores de 65 años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Evaluation of a supervised physical exercise program in sedentary patients over 65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus

OBJETIVO: Analizar si un programa de ejercicio físico (EF) modifica la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), la presión arterial (PA), el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la lipidemia, el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV), el estado de salud autopercibido (ESA) y el gasto farmacéutico (GF). DISEÑO: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado, simple ciego. Intervención: programa de EF aeróbico supervisado. Análisis por intención de tratar. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria: 2 zonas de salud rurales. Área Salud Navalmoral, Cáceres, Servicio Extremeño de Salud. PARTICIPANTES: Cien diabéticos tipo 2, de 65-80 años, sedentarios; 50% grupo control (GC), 50% grupo intervención (GI). Abandonos: 12%. Intervención: EF aeróbico supervisado: 50 min, 2 días/semana, 3 meses. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: : HbA1c, PA, IMC, lipidemia, RCV, ESA, GF, complicaciones durante EF. RESULTADOS: Diferencias postintervención entre grupos en HbA1c, PA, IMC, colesterol y ESA. En GI disminución de HbA1c: 0,2 ± 0,4% (IC del 95%, 0,1 a 0,3); PA sistólica: 8,5 ± 11,8 mmHg (IC del 95%, 5,1 a 11,9); IMC: 0,5 ± 1 (IC del 95%, 0,2 a 0,8); colesterol: 14 ± 28,2 mg/dl (IC del 95%, 5,9 a 22,2); LDL: 18,3 ± 28,2 mg/dl (IC del 95%, 10,2 a 26,3), RCV: 6,7 ± 7,7% (IC del 95%, 4,5 a 8,9), GF: 3,9 ± 10,2 Euros (IC del 95%, 0,9 a 6,8) y aumento del ESA: 4,7 ± 5,7 (IC del 95%, 3 a 6,3). CONCLUSIONES: En diabéticos mayores de 65 años un programa de EF aeróbico supervisado de fácil ejecución mejora la HbA1c, la PA, la colesterolemia, el RCV, el GF y el ESA

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether an exercise program can modify glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), lipids, cardiovascular risk profile (CVR), self-perceived health status (SHS), and pharmaceutical expenditure (PE). DESIGN: A randomized, single blind, controlled trial. Intervention: program of supervised aerobic physical exercise. Analysis by intention to treat. LOCATION: Primary Care: 2 rural health areas. Health Area of Navalmoral. Cáceres. Extremadura. Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 100 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 65 to 80 years, sedentary. Distribution: 50% control group (CG) and 50% intervention group (IG). Abandoned 12%. Intervention: monitored aerobic exercise: 40 minutes, 2 days/week, 3 months. Key measures: HbA1c, BP, BMI, lipid, CVR, SHS, PE.complications during exercise. RESULTS: There were post-intervention differences between groups in HbA1c, BP, BMI, cholesterol and SHS. In the IG, there was a significant decrease in; HbA1c: 0.2 ± 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1 to 0.3), systolic BP: 11.8 ± 8.5 mmHg (95% CI: 5.1 to 11.9), BMI: 0.5 ± 1 (95% CI: 0.2 to 0.8), total cholesterol: 14 ± 28.2 mg/dl (95% CI: 5.9 to 22.2), LDL: 18.3 ± 28.2 mg/dl 95% CI: 10.2 to 26.3), CVR: 6.7 ± 7.7% (95% CI: 4.5 to 8.9), PE: 3.9 ± 10.2 Euros (95% CI: 0.9 to 6.8), and an increase in SHS; 4.7 ± 5.7 (95% CI: 3 to 6.3). CONCLUSIONS: In diabetics over 65 years, a program of monitored aerobic exercise, of easy implementation, improves HbA1c, BP, cholesterol, CVR, PE, and SHS

[Evaluation of a supervised physical exercise program in sedentary patients over 65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. / Evaluación de un programa de ejercicio físico supervisado en pacientes sedentarios mayores de 65 años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether an exercise program can modify glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), lipids, cardiovascular risk profile (CVR), self-perceived health status (SHS), and pharmaceutical expenditure (PE). DESIGN: A randomized, single blind, controlled trial. INTERVENTION: program of supervised aerobic physical exercise. Analysis by intention to treat. LOCATION: Primary Care: 2 rural health areas. Health Area of Navalmoral. Cáceres. Extremadura. Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 100 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 65 to 80 years, sedentary. Distribution: 50% control group (CG) and 50% intervention group (IG). Abandoned 12%. INTERVENTION: monitored aerobic exercise: 40minutes, 2 days/week, 3 months. KEY MEASURES: HbA1c, BP, BMI, lipid, CVR, SHS, PE. Complications during exercise. RESULTS: There were post-intervention differences between groups in HbA1c, BP, BMI, cholesterol and SHS. In the IG, there was a significant decrease in; HbA1c: 0.2±0.4% (95% CI: 0.1 to 0.3), systolic BP: 11.8±8.5mmHg (95% CI: 5.1 to 11.9), BMI: 0.5±1 (95% CI: 0.2 to 0.8), total cholesterol: 14±28.2mg/dl (95% CI: 5.9 to 22.2), LDL: 18.3±28.2mg/dl 95% CI: 10.2 to 26.3), CVR: 6.7±7.7% (95% CI: 4.5 to 8.9), PE: 3.9±10.2 € (95% CI: 0.9 to 6.8), and an increase in SHS; 4.7±5.7 (95% CI: 3 to 6.3). CONCLUSIONS: In diabetics over 65 years, a program of monitored aerobic exercise, of easy implementation, improves HbA1c, BP, cholesterol, CVR, PE, and SHS.

Análisis diferencial del impacto de la creencia y la práctica religiosa sobre el prejuicio / Differential analysis of the impact of religious belief and practice on prejudice

El objetivo de este trabajo es avanzar en la investigación que analiza la asociación entre creencias religiosas y prejuicio. Este estudio se ha realizado con dos muestras: musulmanes (N=210) y cristianos (N=244). Las variables consideradas son las siguientes: creencias (brigham, 1993), juicios anti-inmigrantes y proinmigrantes (Katz y Hass, 1988), emociones positivas y negativas (Stephan y Stephan, 1985), discriminación vinculación (Tropp y Pettigrew, 2005) y motivaciones externas e internas para responder si n prejuicio (Plant y Devine, 1998). Así mismo, se consideran elk fervor religioso y el apego a la comunidad de origen. Los análisis revelan que, para ambas muestras, el instrumento empleado es válido y los nveles de prejuicio son moderados. Además, se observa una correlación significativa y positiva entre el fervor religioso y las diferentes medidas del prejicio en la muestra musulmana(AU)

The aim of this work is to further research that examines the association between religious beliefs and prejudice. This study was conducted with two samples: Muslim (N = 210) and Christians (N = 244). The variables considered are: beliefs (Brigham, 1993), judgments and pro-immigrant anti-immigrant (Katz and Hass, 1988), positive and negative emotions (Stephan and Stephan, 1985), discrimination linkage (Tropp and Pettigrew, 2005) and internal and external motivations to respond if n prejudice (Plant and Devine, 1998). Also, elk are considered religious fervor and attachment to the community of origin. The analyzes indicate that, for both samples, the instrument used is valid and nveles of prejudice are moderate. In addition, there is a significant and positive correlation between religious fervor and the different measures in the sample prejicio Muslim(AU)

Modelo causal del prejuicio religioso / Causal Model of religious prejudice

El objetivo de este trabajo es avanzar en la investigación que analiza la asociación entre religión y prejuicio. Este estudio se ha realizado con varias muestras cristianas dentro y fuera del ámbito universitario: 211 y 155 participantes respectivamente. Se utilizan varios instrumentos para evaluar la orientación religiosa, prejuicio religioso, autoritarismo de derechas, fundamentalismo, frecuencia de oración, literalismo, creencias, emociones, favorabilidad y racismo moderno. Se ha creado una Escala del Prejuicio Religioso con cuatro factores (homofobia, sexismo, intolerancia religiosa y distancia social) que muestra ser un instrumento útil para conocer la compleja relación entre religión y prejuicio. Los resultados señalan que las variables autoritarismo de derechas y el fundamentalismo son los mejores predictores del prejuicio y además, la muestra no universitaria (grupos religiosos y parroquias) presenta un mayor prejuicio religioso (AU)

The aim of the present paper is to extend previous research that examines the relationship between religion and prejudice. This study was conducted with samples inside and outside the university context: 211 and 155 participants respectively. Various instruments are used to measure the religious orientation, religious prejudice, rightwing authoritarianism, fundamentalism, frequency of prayer, literalism, beliefs, emotions, favorability and modern racism. A Religious Prejudice Scale has been created with four factors (homophobia, sexism, religious intolerance and social distance) and is shown as a useful tool to understand the complex relationship between religion and prejudice. The results show that the variables right-wing authoritarianism and fundamentalism are the best predictors of prejudice and also that the non university sample (religious groups and churches) manifests a greater religious prejudice (AU)