ABSTRACT
Malakoplakia is a rare chronic inflammatory disease often confused with neoplasia. In this paper we report two cases of pulmonary Malakoplakia, both with typical clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis and lung cancer. A patient with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) and diagnosis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, and another patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which was treated for tuberculosis, but, after pulmonary lobectomy, was evidenced Rodococosis equi, progressed to death...
Malacoplaquia é uma rara doença inflamatória crônica muitas vezes confundida com neoplasia. Neste artigo, relatam-se dois casos de malacoplaquia pulmonar, ambos com quadro clínico sugestivo de tuberculose e neoplasia pulmonar. Uma paciente com vírus T-linfotrópico humano tipo I (HTLV-1) e diagnóstico de leucemia/linfoma de células T do adulto, e um paciente com vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), tratado para tuberculose, mas após lobectomia pulmonar foi evidenciado Rodococose equi, evoluindo para óbito...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , HIV , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 , Malacoplakia/complications , Fatal Outcome , Lung Diseases , Rhodococcus equiABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Activation of the p21-ras signaling pathway from aberrantly expressed receptors promotes the growth of malignant human astrocytomas. Perillyl alcohol has shown to have both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in preclinical studies. The underlying action mechanism(s) of POH has yet to be delineated but may involve effects on the TGF-beta and/or the Ras signaling pathways. The intranasal delivery allows drugs that do not cross the BBB to enter the CNS; moreover, it eliminates the need for systemic delivery, thereby reducing unwanted systemic side effects. METHODS: We are conducting a phase I/II study to evaluate the antitumoral activity of POH intranasal delivery in a 4x daily schedule in patients with recurrent MG. The objective was to determine PFS at 6 months and the safety for POH in adult patients who failed conventional treatment. Assessments were performed every 27 days. Thirty-seven patients with progressive disease after prior surgery, radiotherapy, and at least temozolomide-based chemotherapy were enrolled, 29 of whom had GBM, 5 who had anaplastic astrocytoma, and 3 had AO. RESULTS: One patient (3.4%) with GBM and 1 patient (33.3%) with AO achieved partial response; 13 patients (44.8%) with GBM, 3 patients (60%) with AA, and 1 (33.3%) with AO achieved stable disease; 15 (51.7%) patients with GBM, 2 (40%) patients with AA, and 1 (33.3%) with AO showed progressive disease. Progression-free survival (partial response and stable disease) was 48.2% for patients with GBM, 60% for patients with AA, and 66.6% for patients with AO. CONCLUSIONS: There were no toxicity events. Perillyl alcohol is well tolerated and regression of tumor size in some patients is suggestive of antitumor activity. This work discusses POH intranasal delivery as a potential adjuvant therapeutic strategy for patients with malignant gliomas.
Subject(s)
Administration, Intranasal , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy , Glioma/drug therapy , Monoterpenes/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/administration & dosage , Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects , Blood-Brain Barrier/physiology , Brain Neoplasms/metabolism , Brain Neoplasms/physiopathology , Dacarbazine/administration & dosage , Dacarbazine/analogs & derivatives , Disease Progression , Drug Administration Schedule , Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Female , Glioma/metabolism , Glioma/physiopathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/physiopathology , Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/drug effects , Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/genetics , Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Signal Transduction/physiology , Survival Rate , Temozolomide , Transforming Growth Factor beta/drug effects , Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics , Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Introdução: Estudos in vitro mostram que radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia podem ativar as vias de sinalizaçãodo receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR) e Ras, aumentando a resistência cruzada dascélulas de glioblastomas multiformes (GBM) ao tratamento. A inibição das atividades de EGFR e Rasatravés de inibidores tirosinas cinases elimina o antagonismo observado à administração seqüencialdestas modalidades terapêuticas, induzindo apoptose nestas células. Em estudo prévio demonstramosque o tratamento com o álcool perílico (AP), inibidor da farnesilação da Ras, induz apoptose em linhagenscelulares e células de explante de GBM. Objetivo: No presente estudo investigamos se a regressãoparcial observada em GBM recorrente de paciente tratado com administração intranasal de AP é mediadapor apoptose. Resultado: Ensaios com TUNEL (deoxynucleotidyl-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate) ecaspase-3 ativada evidenciaram presença de células apoptóticas nas lâminas de GBM tratado. Conclusão:Esses achados sugerem que estratégias adjuvantes visando à inativação das vias de sinalização do EGFRe Ras podem melhorar tanto a eficácia de terapia isolada como de terapia multimodal em gliomas.
Background: In vitro studies demonstrated that both radiation and chemotherapy can activate EGFRand Ras signaling pathways, leading to increased cross-resistance to treatment of GBM cell. Inhibition of either EGFR or Ras activity with tytosine kinase inhibitor appears to abrogate the observed antagonism between sequentially administration of these therapeutic modalities inducing apoptosis in these cells. In a previous study, we demonstrated that in vitro treatment with perillyl alcohol (POH), an inhibitor of Ras farnezilation, induced apoptosis in human GBM cell lines and explants. Objective: In the presentstudy, we investigated if the partial regression observed in a patient with a recurrent GBM after treatmentby intranasal delivery of POH, is mediated by apoptosis. Result: Data from classical histology, terminaldeoxynucleotidyl-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, as well asactivation of caspase 3, showed increased apoptosis in the treated tumor. Conclusion: These findings suggest that strategies to inactivate EGFR and RAS signaling may be critical to improving not only theefficacy of single-agent therapy but also of multimodal therapy in gliomas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Apoptosis , Glioma/surgery , Glioma/drug therapy , Glioma/radiotherapy , Immunohistochemistry , Monoterpenes/therapeutic use , Administration, InhalationABSTRACT
Um caso incomum de histiocitose de células de Langerhans comprometendo margem anal em adulto de cor branca com 34 anos de idade é descrito. Durante dezenove meses o paciente apresentou ulceração extensa em margem anal, dolorosa, com sangramento, evoluindo para incontinência fecal. A hipótese diagnóstica inicial ficou entre doença de Crohn, sífilis, tuberculose, pioderma gangrenoso e donovanose. O diagnóstico histopatológico, após a terceira biópsia, foi sugestivo de histiocitose X, diagnóstico esse confirmado pelo estudo imunoistoquímico positivo para CD1a e proteína S100. O paciente foi tratado com seis sessões de injeção intralesional de triancinolona e talidomida por via oral, durante três meses, evoluindo com remissão completa da lesão anal e recuperação da continência esfincteriana.
A rare case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with perianal involvement in a 34 year old white man is presented. During nineteen months this patient had a complaint of anal pain with bleeding, due to a large perianal ulcer. The initial diagnosis was Crohn's disease, anal tuberculosis, syphilis, pyoderma gangrenosum or donovanosis. After the third biopsy, the surgical specimens showed microscopic changes suggestives of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The imunohistochemical study was positive to S100 protein and CD1a. The patient was treated with six doses of intralesional triancinolona and oral thalidomide for three months. Treatment was well tolerated and complete resolutions of peri-anal ulcer occurred.
Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Fissure in Ano , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/diagnosis , Langerhans CellsABSTRACT
Álcool perílico (AP) é um monoterpeno com ação antitumoral comprovada, em estudos pré-clínicos, sobre diferentes tipos de tumores induzidos em animais. Fase I e II de ensaios clínicos estão correntemente em desenvolvimento. O mecanismo de ação da atividade antitumoral do AP envolve a inibição da isoprenilação pós-traducional de proteinas G, incluindo a p21-Ras, bloqueando a transdução do sinal. A desregulação da função da p21-Ras, como resultado de mutação, superexpressão ou superativação dos fatores de crescimento, contribui para o crescimento de glioblastoma. A administração intranasal é uma abordagem prática e não-invasiva que permite que agentes terpêuticos que não cruzam a barreira hemato-encefálica alcancem o sistema nervoso central, reduzindo os efeitos colaterais provenientes da administração sistêmica. Este artigo discute a administração intranasal do AP, como potencial estratégia terapêutica multimodal para estas neoplasias e apresenta resultado preliminar em um caso.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Administration, Intranasal , Glioblastoma/drug therapyABSTRACT
Vitamin B12 deficiency may induce neuropathy, myelopathy, dementia and optic neuropathy. The diagnosis is established by vitamin B12, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid measurements. Myelin and axon destruction in the white matter of the spinal cord are observed. The posterior column of the cervical and thoracic level is the most common involved area. The involvement of the anterior column is restricted to advanced and relatively severe cases. Treatment is based on vitamin B12 injections, and the prognosis depends on the stage of vitamin deficiency and deterioration at treatment onset. We report a case with transverse myelitis due to vitamin B12 deficiency. This picture is relatively uncommon, however, we believe patients with transverse myelitis should have vitamin B12 studies as part of the diagnosis work up.
Subject(s)
Myelitis, Transverse/etiology , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/complications , Anemia, Pernicious/complications , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myelitis, Transverse/pathologyABSTRACT
As manifestaçöes neurológicas associadas à deficiência de vitamina B12 incluem polineuropatia, mielopatia, demência e neuropatia óptica. O diagnóstico laboratorial é feito através da dosagem sérica de cianocobalamina ou homocisteína e da excreçäo urinária de ácido metilmalônico. No estudo anatomopatológico observa-se na microscopia a destruiçäo da mielina e de axônios vistos na substância branca. A regiäo mais comumente afetada é o cordäo posterior cervical e/ou torácico. O acometimento da coluna lateral é raro, ocorrendo em casos graves e avançados. O tratamento consiste na reposiçäo de vitamina B12 e a resposta depende da gravidade do quadro e do tempo transcorrido entre o inicio dos sintomas e inicio do tratamento. Relatamos o caso de um paciente que apresentou, como manifestaçäo de deficiência de vitamina B12, mielite transversa. O estudo morfológico da medula demonstrou comprometimento dos tractos cortico-espinhais lateral e anterior, da coluna dorsal e ainda do tracto espino-talâmico
