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1.
World J Hepatol ; 14(2): 354-371, 2022 Feb 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35317172

ABSTRACT

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new nomenclature recently proposed by a panel of international experts so that the entity is defined based on positive criteria and linked to pathogenesis, replacing the traditional non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a definition based on exclusion criteria. NAFLD/MAFLD is currently the most common form of chronic liver disease worldwide and is a growing risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is estimated than 25% of the global population have NAFLD and is projected to increase in the next years. Major Scientific Societies agree that surveillance for HCC should be indicated in patients with NAFLD/ MAFLD and cirrhosis but differ in non-cirrhotic patients (including those with advanced fibrosis). Several studies have shown that the annual incidence rate of HCC in NAFLD-cirrhosis is greater than 1%, thus surveillance for HCC is cost-effective. Risk factors that increase HCC incidence in these patients are male gender, older age, presence of diabetes and any degree of alcohol consumption. In non-cirrhotic patients, the incidence of HCC is much lower and variable, being a great challenge to stratify the risk of HCC in this group. Furthermore, large epidemiological studies based on the general population have shown that diabetes and obesity significantly increase risk of HCC. Some genetic variants may also play a role modifying the HCC occurrence among patients with NAFLD. The purpose of this review is to discuss the epidemiology, clinical and genetic risk factors that may influence the risk of HCC in NAFLD/MAFLD patients and propose screening strategy to translate into better patient care.

2.
Rev. esp. med. prev. salud pública ; 24(1): 18-26, 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-184240

ABSTRACT

La Enfermedad Neumocócica Invasora (ENI) es de declaración obligatoria (EDO) en la Comunidad Au-tónoma de Madrid desde febrero del año 2007. El servicio de Medicina Preventiva detectó una infranotificación de los casos de ENI en el Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa de Leganés (HUSO) entre los años 2007 y 2012. Por ello se estableció como objetivo evaluar el conocimiento de esta enfermedad por parte de los facultativos responsables de la atención al paciente en el periodo de estudio


Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) has been notifiable in the Autonomous Community of Madrid since February 2007. The Preventive Medicine Service identified under-reporting of the cases of IPD in Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa in Leganés (Madrid) between 2007 and 2012. Therefore, assesing the reporting of cases to the Preventive Medicine Service by the doctors responsible for providing medical care was set as an objective


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumococcal Infections , Disease Notification , Patient Discharge Summaries/standards , Clinical Competence , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Spain
3.
Rev. esp. med. prev. salud pública ; 23(4): 8-21, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-181812

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La Enfermedad Neumocócica Invasora (ENI) está causada por S. pneumoniae, es la causa más frecuente de Neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC), otitis media aguda (OMA) y la causa más frecuente de muerte por infección en los países desarrollados y la principal causa de muerte prevenible mediante vacunación. El presente trabajo se realizó para describir el perfil de los pacientes con esta infección atendidos en el Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa de Leganés (HUSO), así como el estado vacunal de los mismos y las resistencias a antimicrobianos de las cepas aisladas. Métodos: Se realizó este estudio transversal descriptivo retrospectivo revisando la documentación clínica de los pacientes con ENI en el HUSO atendidos entre 2002 y 2012 mediante el programa HP_HIS y se analizaron las variables incluidas en el formulario de enfermedad de declaración obligatoria (EDO) de la Comunidad de Madrid (CAM), el estado vacunal de los pacientes y la información relativa a sensibilidad a antimicrobianos. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa SPSS 24.0. Resultados: Se estudiaron 470 casos, el 63,4% fueron hombres con una mediana de 62 años de edad. El 87,9% de los pacientes requirió ingreso hospitalario con una mediana de 18 días principalmente en los servicios de Medicina Interna y UCI. En el 67,4% de los casos la forma de presentación clínica fue la neumonía y el 79,8% evolucionó favorablemente. El 80,4% presentó antecedentes clínicos de interés como inmunosupresión, cardiopatía crónica y enfermedad pulmonar crónica. Los serotipos más aislados fueron el 19A, 1 y 3. El 32,3% de los pacientes tenía resistencia a algún antimicrobiano. El 44,9% estaba vacunado y, en caso de vacuna conjugada solo se aisló un serotipo incluido en ella en un paciente. Conclusiones: El sexo masculino, la edad superior a los 65 años y la comorbilidad son las variables que más se asocian a presencia de ENI. Las formas de presentación clínica son por este orden, neumonía, infección respiratoria, bacteriemia y meningitis. Las secuelas asociadas a ENI son el derrame pleural y la insuficiencia respiratoria. Los serotipos más aislados son los de reemplazo, 19A, 1 y 3. La resistencia es elevada, especialmente a macrólidos y betalactámicos. La vacunación de los pacientes estudiados es correcta


Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is caused by S. pneumoniae, it is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute otitis media (AOM) and the most common cause of death from infection in the developed countries. Besides this, IPD remains a leading cause of vaccine preventable death. This work was done to describe patients with this infection attended at Severo Ochoa University Hospital (HUSO), immunization and antimicrobial resistance of isolated strains. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed by the review of clinical record of patients with IPD attended at HUSO from 2002 to 2012, by the program HP-HIS. Variables included in the notification form of the Community of Madrid (CAM), immunization status of patients and information related to antimicrobial resistance were analyzed. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS v. 24.0. Results: Up to 470 patients were assessed, 63,4% of whom were male with a median age of 62 years. 87,9% of patients were admitted to hospital with a median of 18 day's admission, especially at the Department of Internal Medicine and ICU. In 67,4% of patients the disease debut implied pneumonia and 79,8% evolved favorably. Of these, 80,4% had a medical history of interest, such as immunosuppression, chronic cardiopathy or chronic respiratory disease. Serotypes 19A, 1 and 3 were most prevalent. Up to 32,3% of patients had antimicrobial resistance and 44,9% of them were vaccinated. In case of conjugated vaccine, one serotype included in it was isolated in one patient. Conclusions: Being male, ager over 65 years and high comorbidity are variables with high occurence of IPD associated to them. The typical forms of the disease are pneumonia, respiratory infection, bacteriemia and meningitis, in that order. Sequels associated with IPD are pleural effusion and respiratory failure. Replacement serotypes 19A, 1 and 3 are commonly isolated. Resistance to macrolide and beta-lactam is high. Vaccination of the patients assessed is correct


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology , Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology , Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage , Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control , Hospitals, University , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology , Seasons , Spain/epidemiology
4.
Rev. esp. med. prev. salud pública ; 23(4): 22-30, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-181813

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La presencia de Enterobacterias Productoras de Carbapenemasas (EPC)1 ha cobrado importancia en la última década2 por su asociación con las infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria (IRAS) y con los brotes intrahospitalarios. Objetivo: Estudiar las características de los pacientes y de las EPC durante los años 2016 y 2017 en el Grupo HM Hospitales. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo sobre pacientes infectados y/o colonizados por EPC en HM Hospitales en 2016 y 2017. Resultados: En 2016 y 2017 se aislaron 473 EPC en los 7 hospitales del Grupo HM, con un porcentaje del 19,7% del total de cepas aisladas. La EPC más aislada en el grupo fue klebsiella pneumoniae Clase B-VIM (25%). Se contabilizaron un total de 8 brotes por EPC en las UCIs de Grupo causadas por cepas de klebsiella oxytoca y klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusiones: Las EPCs constituyen una de las principales bacterias multirresistentes de importancia epidemiológica por sus características y la capacidad de generar brotes intrahospitalarios


Introduction: The presence of carbapenems-producing Enterobacteriae (CPE) has emerged as a major contributing factor to Healthcare associated infections (HAI) and outbreaks in Health care settings. Material and methods: We conducted an observational and retrospective study of patients infected or colonized by CPE in HM Hospitales in 2016 and 2017. Objective: To analyze CPE and patient's characteristics in HM Hospitales in 2016 and 2017. Results: In 2016 and 2017, 473 CPE were isolated in HM Hospitales. Klebsiella pneumoniae VIM was isolated in 25% of cases. Up to eight outbreaks of CPE were registered in Intensive care units in HM Hospitales in 2016 and 2017 caused by klebsiella pneumoniae and klebsiella oxytoca strains. Conclusions: CPE are one of the major multiresistant bacteriae of epidemiological importance due to their specific characteristics and ability to generate outbreaks in health care settings


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis , Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Enterobacteriaceae/enzymology , Enterobacteriaceae/classification , Retrospective Studies
5.
Med. paliat ; 19(3): 100-104, jul.-sept. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-108805

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En junio de 2008 se creó la Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos de Agudos (UCPA) del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (10 camas). Desde su creación han sido atendidos pacientes terminales oncológicos y no oncológicos y sus familias. La sobrecarga del cuidador ha sido ampliamente estudiada en la bibliografía en Cuidados Paliativos, así como la morbilidad psiquiátrica en dichos cuidadores (ansiedad y depresión).Objetivo: El objetivo principal de nuestro estudio es determinar el riesgo de claudicación y como objetivos secundarios nos planteamos el valorar el nivel de ansiedad y depresión de una muestra de cuidadores de pacientes terminales en una UCPA. Método: Estudio descriptivo de los cuidadores de pacientes ingresados en la UCPA (oncológicos y no oncológicos) durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1-1-2009 y el 30-9-2009. Se recogen variables demográficas: sexo, edad, relación con el paciente, existencia de otros cuidadores y actividad laboral. Se administraron la escala de Zarit (sobrecarga del cuidador, versión de 22ítems) y la escala HAD (ansiedad y depresión). Paquete estadístico: SPSS 17.0.Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio 44 cuidadores fueron. Datos demográficos: edad media de la muestra: 56,72 años. Sexo: 35 mujeres (80% de la muestra). Respecto a la relación (..) (AU)


Introduction: The Acute Palliative Care Inpatient Unit was established at the Hospital Clinico, Madrid, in June 2008. Both cancer and non-cancer patients, as well as their families are cared for in this unit. Caregivers’ burden and their psychiatric comorbidities (anxiety and depression)have been widely studied in the literature. Objective: The primary objective is to determine the risk of emotional withdrawal, and the secondary objective is to determine the anxiety and depression levels in a sample of caregivers of patients in an Acute Palliative Care Inpatient Unit. Methods: From January to September 2009 (1-1-09 to 30-9-09), we conducted a descriptive study among the caregivers at an Acute Palliative Care Inpatient Unit (with both oncological and non-oncological patients). We assessed different sociodemographic items: sex, age, relationship with the patient, existence of secondary caregivers and professional activity. We used the HADS questionnaire (anxiety and depression) and the Zarit Scale (caregiver burden, 22 items version).The statistics programme used was SPSS 17.0.Results: During the study period, 44 caregivers were considered. Sociodemographic data: meanage: 56.72 years. Sex: 35 women (80%). Spouses were the main group (56.8%), followed by their children (36.3%). Secondary caregivers: 40.9%. Professional activity: 15.9%.Assessed by the Zarit interview, 52.27% showed some level of burden. According to the (..)(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Caregivers/psychology , Palliative Care/psychology , Depression/epidemiology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Workload , Risk Factors
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