[Translated article] Melanoma Registry of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (REGESMEL): Description and Data in its First Year of Operation.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of melanoma is rising in Spain. The prognostic stages of patients with melanoma are determined by various biological factors, such as tumor thickness, ulceration, or the presence of regional or distant metastases. The Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) has encouraged the creation of a Spanish Melanoma Registry (REGESMEL) to evaluate other individual and health system-related factors that may impact the prognosis of patients with melanoma. The aim of this article is to introduce REGESMEL and provide basic descriptive data for its first year of operation. METHODS: REGESMEL is a prospective, multicentre cohort of consecutive patients with invasive cutaneous melanoma that collects demographic and staging data as well as individual and healthcare-related baseline data. It also records the medical and surgical treatment received by patients. RESULTS: A total of 450 cases of invasive cutaneous melanoma from 19 participant centres were included, with a predominance of thin melanomas≤1mm thick (54.7%), mainly located on the posterior trunk (35.2%). Selective sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 40.7% of cases. Most cases of melanoma were suspected by the patient (30.4%), or his/her dermatologist (29.6%). Patients received care mainly in public health centers (85.2%), with tele-dermatology resources being used in 21.6% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of the pathological and demographic variables of melanoma cases is consistent with data from former studies. REGESMEL has already recruited patients from 15 Spanish provinces and given its potential representativeness, it renders the Registry as an important tool to address a wide range of research questions.

The role of historical biogeography in shaping colour morph diversity in the common wall lizard.

The maintenance of polymorphisms often depends on multiple selective forces, but less is known on the role of stochastic or historical processes in maintaining variation. The common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) is a colour polymorphic species in which local colour morph frequencies are thought to be modulated by natural and sexual selection. Here, we used genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data to investigate the relationships between morph composition and population biogeography at a regional scale, by comparing morph composition with patterns of genetic variation of 54 populations sampled across the Pyrenees. We found that genetic divergence was explained by geographic distance but not by environmental features. Differences in morph composition were associated with genetic and environmental differentiation, as well as differences in sex ratio. Thus, variation in colour morph frequencies could have arisen via historical events and/or differences in the permeability to gene flow, possibly shaped by the complex topography and environment. In agreement with this hypothesis, colour morph diversity was positively correlated with genetic diversity and rates of gene flow and inversely correlated with the likelihood of the occurrence of bottlenecks. Concurrently, we did not find conclusive evidence for selection in the two colour loci. As an illustration of these effects, we observed that populations with higher proportions of the rarer yellow and yellow-orange morphs had higher genetic diversity. Our results suggest that processes involving a decay in overall genetic diversity, such as reduced gene flow and/or bottleneck events have an important role in shaping population-specific morph composition via non-selective processes.

Lectin-nanoparticle concept for free PSA glycovariant providing superior cancer specificity.

BACKGROUND: Using lectins to target cancer-associated modifications of PSA glycostructure for identification of clinically significant prostate cancers, e.g., Gleason score (GS) ≥ 7, from benign and indolent cancers (GS 6), is highly promising yet technically challenging. From previous findings to quantify increased PSA fucosylation in urine, we set out to construct a robust, specific test concept suitable for plasma samples. METHODS: Macrophage galactose-binding lectin (MGL) coupled to 100 nm Eu3 + -nanoparticles was used to probe PSA captured from cancer cell lines, seminal plasma, and plasma samples from 249 patients with a clinical suspicion of prostate cancer onto 3 mm dense spots of free PSA antibody fab fragments. Results were compared to four kallikrein tests: tPSA, fPSA, iPSA and hK2. RESULTS: The fPSAMGLglycovariant provided superior discrimination of the GS ≥ 7 and benign + GS 6 groups (p 0.0003) compared to fPSA (NS). The corresponding AUC in ROC analysis was 0.70 compared to 0.66 for tPSA. In contrast to all four kallikrein tests, the fPSAMGLGV was independent of prostate gland volume. Using a logistic regression analysis the fPSAMGLGV significantly improved on the four-kallikrein model. CONCLUSIONS: Due to Eu-nanoparticles and a dense fPSA capture spot, the fPSAMGL glycovariant identifies an fPSA subform with the highest cancer specificity compared to the four conventional kallikreins.

Melanoma Registry of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (REGESMEL): Description and Data in its First Year of Operation. / Registro de Melanoma de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología (REGESMEL): descripción y datos en el primer año de funcionamiento.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of melanoma is rising in Spain. The prognostic stages of patients with melanoma are determined by various biological factors, such as tumor thickness, ulceration, or the presence of regional or distant metastases. The Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) has encouraged the creation of a Spanish Melanoma Registry (REGESMEL) to evaluate other individual and health system-related factors that may impact the prognosis of patients with melanoma. The aim of this article is to introduce REGESMEL and provide basic descriptive data for its first year of operation. METHODS: REGESMEL is a prospective, multicentre cohort of consecutive patients with invasive cutaneous melanoma that collects demographic and staging data as well as individual and healthcare-related baseline data. It also records the medical and surgical treatment received by patients. RESULTS: A total of 450 cases of invasive cutaneous melanoma from 19 participant centres were included, with a predominance of thin melanomas≤1mm thick (54.7%), mainly located on the posterior trunk (35.2%). Selective sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 40.7% of cases. Most cases of melanoma were suspected by the patient (30.4%), or his/her dermatologist (29.6%). Patients received care mainly in public health centers (85.2%), with tele-dermatology resources being used in 21.6% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of the pathological and demographic variables of melanoma cases is consistent with data from former studies. REGESMEL has already recruited patients from 15 Spanish provinces and given its potential representativeness, it renders the Registry as an important tool to address a wide range of research questions.

[Clinical profile and non-recreational methamphetamine abuse (shabu) among stroke patients in the Philippine population]. / Perfil clínico y abuso de metanfetamina no recreativa (shabú) entre los pacientes con ictus en la población filipina.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic non-recreational use of methamphetamine (shabu) is increasing among the Filipino population in Barcelona. The Asian population presents a different stroke pattern, with a higher incidence of haemorrhage, and different vascular risk factors and health behaviours. The objective of this study is to describe the stroke profile and incidence of methamphetamine use in patients of Filipino origin admitted to our centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Demographic data, vascular risk factors, clinical data and prognosis were recorded. Methamphetamine exposure was analysed in plasma samples collected on admission, which were then analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Of a total of 6,418 stroke patients, 73 (1.1%) were identified as being of Filipino origin. The mean age was 54.4 ± 12.1 years, 54% were male and the stroke was ischaemic in 64.4% of cases. Arterial hypertension was the main risk factor. Ten (13.7%) patients tested positive for methamphetamine and amphetamine. These results confirm recent substance use prior to the stroke, mostly in men (80%). In patients who were consumers, 60% had a haemorrhagic stroke, with a poor functional prognosis at three months in 55.6% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: In our setting, patients of Filipino ethnicity admitted for stroke related to the consumption of shabu belonged a younger age bracket, with a lower prevalence of vascular risk factors and a predominance of the haemorrhagic subtype. Methamphetamine testing in Filipino stroke patients is recommended due to the high prevalence of methamphetamine use in our country.

TITLE: Perfil clínico y abuso de metanfetamina no recreativa (shabú) entre los pacientes con ictus en la población filipina.Introducción. En la población filipina de Barcelona está aumentando el consumo crónico no recreativo de metanfetaminas (shabú). La población asiática presenta un patrón de ictus diferente, con mayor incidencia de hemorragias, y diferentes factores de riesgo vascular y conductas de salud. El objetivo es describir el perfil de ictus e incidencia de consumo de metanfetaminas en pacientes de origen filipino ingresados en nuestro centro. Pacientes y métodos. Se registraron datos demográficos, factores de riesgo vascular, datos clínicos y pronóstico. Se analizó la exposición a metanfetamina en muestras de plasma recogidas en el ingreso, que se analizaron por cromatografía líquida-espectrometría de masas. Resultados. Del total de 6.418 pacientes con ictus, se identificó a 73 pacientes filipinos (1,1%). La edad media era de 54,4 ± 12,1 años, el 54% eran hombres y el ictus era isquémico en el 64,4%. La hipertensión arterial fue el principal factor de riesgo. Diez (13,7%) pacientes dieron positivo a metanfetamina y anfetamina. Estos resultados confirman un consumo reciente de sustancias previo al ictus, principalmente en hombres (80%). En pacientes consumidores, un 60% presentaba un ictus hemorrágico, con mal pronóstico funcional a tres meses en el 55,6% de los pacientes. Conclusiones. En nuestro medio, los pacientes de etnia filipina ingresados por ictus en relación con consumo de shabú presentaron un perfil de edad más joven, con menor prevalencia de factores de riesgo vascular y predominio del subtipo hemorrágico. Se recomienda la determinación de metanfetamina en los pacientes filipinos con ictus debido a la alta prevalencia del consumo de metanfetamina en nuestro país.

Perfil clínico y abuso de metanfetamina no recreativa (shabú) entre los pacientes con ictus en la población filipina / Clinical profile and non-recreational methamphetamine abuse (shabu) among stroke patients in the Philippine population

Introducción En la población filipina de Barcelona está aumentando el consumo crónico no recreativo de metanfetaminas (shabú). La población asiática presenta un patrón de ictus diferente, con mayor incidencia de hemorragias, y diferentes factores de riesgo vascular y conductas de salud. El objetivo es describir el perfil de ictus e incidencia de consumo de metanfetaminas en pacientes de origen filipino ingresados en nuestro centro. Pacientes y métodos Se registraron datos demográficos, factores de riesgo vascular, datos clínicos y pronóstico. Se analizó la exposición a metanfetamina en muestras de plasma recogidas en el ingreso, que se analizaron por cromatografía líquida-espectrometría de masas. Resultados Del total de 6.418 pacientes con ictus, se identificó a 73 pacientes filipinos (1,1%). La edad media era de 54,4 ± 12,1 años, el 54% eran hombres y el ictus era isquémico en el 64,4%. La hipertensión arterial fue el principal factor de riesgo. Diez (13,7%) pacientes dieron positivo a metanfetamina y anfetamina. Estos resultados confirman un consumo reciente de sustancias previo al ictus, principalmente en hombres (80%). En pacientes consumidores, un 60% presentaba un ictus hemorrágico, con mal pronóstico funcional a tres meses en el 55,6% de los pacientes. Conclusiones En nuestro medio, los pacientes de etnia filipina ingresados por ictus en relación con consumo de shabú presentaron un perfil de edad más joven, con menor prevalencia de factores de riesgo vascular y predominio del subtipo hemorrágico. Se recomienda la determinación de metanfetamina en los pacientes filipinos con ictus debido a la alta prevalencia del consumo de metanfetamina en nuestro país. (AU)

INTRODUCTION Chronic non-recreational use of methamphetamine (shabú) is increasing among the Filipino population in Barcelona. The Asian population presents a different stroke pattern, with a higher incidence of haemorrhage, and different vascular risk factors and health behaviours. The objective of this study is to describe the stroke profile and incidence of methamphetamine use in patients of Filipino origin admitted to our centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS Demographic data, vascular risk factors, clinical data and prognosis were recorded. Methamphetamine exposure was analysed in plasma samples collected on admission, which were then analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Of a total of 6,418 stroke patients, 73 (1.1%) were identified as being of Filipino origin. The mean age was 54.4 ± 12.1 years, 54% were male and the stroke was ischaemic in 64.4% of cases. Arterial hypertension was the main risk factor. Ten (13.7%) patients tested positive for methamphetamine and amphetamine. These results confirm recent substance use prior to the stroke, mostly in men (80%). In patients who were consumers, 60% had a haemorrhagic stroke, with a poor functional prognosis at three months in 55.6% of patients. CONCLUSIONS In our setting, patients of Filipino ethnicity admitted for stroke related to the consumption of shabú belonged a younger age bracket, with a lower prevalence of vascular risk factors and a predominance of the haemorrhagic subtype. Methamphetamine testing in Filipino stroke patients is recommended due to the high prevalence of methamphetamine use in our country. (AU)

Volcanic monitoring of the 2021 La Palma eruption using long-period magnetotelluric data.

Between September and December 2021, the first subaerial volcanic eruption in the Canary Islands in 50 years took place on the island of La Palma. Since November 2021, we have been conducting a long-period magnetotelluric (MT) monitoring experiment at a site located 2.4 km east of the volcanic cone. Having continuously recorded data since then, the obtained dataset shows significant changes in resistivity over the fourteen months following the eruption: more than ± 20% in apparent resistivity and ± 2 degrees in phase. These temporal variations in electrical resistivity, recorded continuously using long-period MT during both the syn- and post-eruptive stages, have not been reported to date, making this dataset unique. Four estimated impedances have been selected as representatives of the major temporal changes observed and inverted to generate new 3-D resistivity models. The results provide novel key information on the spatiotemporal evolution of the subsoil's electrical resistivity, enabling the characterization of a set of structures acting as preferred magmatic fluid pathways. Therefore, our study highlights the strong potential of MT as a volcanic monitoring tool and provides new insights about the evolution of the fluid pathways during the post-eruptive stage. These findings enhance our understanding of the magmatic system and may contribute to volcanic hazard mitigation in the future.

Exploring the CO2 photocatalytic evolution onto the CuO (1 1 0) surface: A combined theoretical and experimental study.

A combined theoretical and experimental study was performed to elucidate the photocatalytic potential of tenorite, CuO (1 1 0) and to assess the evolution pathway of carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution pathway. The calculations were performed with density functional theory (DFT) at a DFT + U + J0 and spin polarized level. The CuO was experimentally synthesized and characterized with structural and optical methodologies. The band structure and density of states revealed the rise of band gaps at 1.24 and 1.03 eV with direct and indirect band gap nature, respectively. These values are in accordance with the experimental evidence at 1.28 and 0.96 eV; respectively, which were obtained by UV-Vis DRS. Such a behavior could be related to enhanced photocatalytic activity among copper oxide materials. Experimental evidence such as SEM images and work function measurements were also performed to evaluate the oxide. The redox potential suggests a catalytic character of tenorite (1 1 0) for the CO2 transformation through aldehydes (methanal) intermediate formation. Furthermore, a route through methylene glycol CH2(OH)2 was also explored with the theoretical methodology. The reaction path exhibits an immediate reduction of Image 1 into a •OH radical and an [OH]- anion, in the first step. This •OH radical attacks a double bond (C = O) of Image 2 to form bicarbonate ([Image 3]-) and subsequently, carbonic acid (Image 4). The carbonic acid reacts with other •OH radical to finally form orthocarbonic acid (Image 5).

Identifying the most important data for research in the field of infectious diseases: thinking on the basis of artificial intelligence.

OBJECTIVE: Clinical data on which artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are trained and tested provide the basis to improve diagnosis or treatment of infectious diseases (ID). We aimed to identify important data for ID research to prioritise efforts being undertaken in AI programmes. METHODS: We searched for 1,000 articlesfrom high-impact ID journals on PubMed, selecting 288 of the latest articles from 10 top journals. We classified them into structured or unstructured data. Variables were homogenised and grouped into the following categories: epidemiology, admission, demographics, comorbidities, clinical manifestations, laboratory, microbiology, other diagnoses, treatment, outcomes and other non-categorizable variables. RESULTS: 4,488 individual variables were collected, from the 288 articles. 3,670 (81.8%) variables were classified as structured data whilst 818 (18.2%) as unstructured data. From the structured data, 2,319 (63.2%) variables were classified as direct-retrievable from electronic health records-whilst 1,351 (36.8%) were indirect. The most frequent unstructured data were related to clinical manifestations and were repeated across articles. Data on demographics, comorbidities and microbiology constituted the most frequent group of variables. CONCLUSIONS: This article identified that structured variables have comprised the most important data in research to generate knowledge in the field of ID. Extracting these data should be a priority when a medical centre intends to start an AI programme for ID. We also documented that the most important unstructured data in this field are those related to clinical manifestations. Such data could easily undergo some structuring with the use of semi-structured medical records focusing on a few symptoms.

[Antimicrobial stewardship program in an Intensive Care Unit: A retrospective observational analysis of the results 15 months after its implementation]. / Programa de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos en un Servicio de Medicina Intensiva: análisis retrospectivo observacional de los resultados 15 meses después de su implementación.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to evaluate the adherence rate to an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and to assess its effect on the use of antibiotics, quality indicators and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective description of the interventions proposed by the ASP. We compared antimicrobial use, quality and safety indicators in an ASP versus a non-ASP period. The study was performed in a polyvalent ICU of a medium-size University Hospital (600 beds). We studied patients admitted to the ICU for any cause during the ASP period, provided that a microbiological sample aiming to diagnose a potential infection has been drawn, or antibiotics have been started. We elaborated and registered of non-mandatory recommendations to improve antimicrobial prescription (audit and feedback structure) and its registry during the ASP period (15 months, October 2018-December 2019). We compared indicators in a period with ASP (April-June 2019) and without ASP (April-June 2018). RESULTS: We issued 241 recommendations on 117 patients, 67% of them classified as de-escalation type. The rate of adherence to the recommendations was high (96.3%). In the ASP period, the mean number of antibiotics per patient (3.3±4.1 vs 2.4±1.7, p=0.04) and the days of treatment (155 DOT/100 PD vs 94 DOT/100 PD, p <0.01) were reduced. The implementation of the ASP did not compromise patient safety or produce changes in clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of an ASP is widely accepted in the ICU, reducing the consumption of antimicrobials, without compromising patient safety.

High-energy molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions: a molecular bond-length ruler.

We present a study on molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) of small molecules using circularly polarized synchrotron light. We find that the main forward-scattering peaks of the MFPADs are slightly tilted with respect to the molecular axis. This tilt angle is directly connected to the molecular bond length by a simple, universal formula. We apply the derived formula to several examples of MFPADs of C 1s and O 1s photoelectrons of CO, which have been measured experimentally or obtained by means of ab initio modeling. In addition, we discuss the influence of the back-scattering contribution that is superimposed over the analyzed forward-scattering peak in the case of homo-nuclear diatomic molecules such as N2.

Diálogos abiertos en un grupo multifamiliar dentro de un programa de atención a primeras crisis psicóticas / Open dialogues in a multifamily group within a program of care for first psychotic crises

Introducción: describimos la experiencia de un grupo multifamiliar, dirigido a jóvenes y su red social, afectados por primeras crisis psicóticas, en la práctica clínica real dentro del Sistema Sanitario Nacional de Salud de España, bajo la filosofía de Diálogos Abiertos, en el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. Método: Participan 3 familias y 3 profesionales de la red de salud mental. Instrumentos: SCORE-15, SWLS, CSQ-8 y un registro de temas que aparecen en los diálogos. Resultados: tanto los 5 sujetos como las facilitadoras perciben mejoría a nivel de funcionamiento familiar y utilidad de la terapia; solo uno de los sujetos informa de mejoría a nivel de satisfacción vital al finalizar el grupo; observamos una alta satisfacción con la atención recibida en el grupo por parte de los participantes. Discusión: la fortaleza de este estudio es su validez ecológica. Los resultados obtenidos y las sinergias que se desarrollan en los encuentros dialógicos multifamiliares aquí descritos nos permiten confiar en que otras maneras de hacer más alineadas con los principios de Diálogos Abiertos, con los recursos de que disponemos en nuestro contexto sanitario, son posibles ya (AU)

Introduction: We describe the experience of a multi-family group, directed at young people affected by their first psychotic crisis and their social networks, in a real clinical environment within the Spanish national health system, based on the Open Dialogue philosophy, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: three families and three mental health professionals took part in the study. Instruments: SCORE-15, SWLS, CSQ-8 and a list of themes that appear in the dialogues.Results: both the five subjects and the facilitators perceive an improvement in the level of family functioning and the usefulness of the therapy; only one of the subjects reports an improvement in the level of life satisfaction at the end of the group; we observe high satisfaction on the part of the participants with the care received in the group. Discussion: the strength of this study is its ecological validity. The results obtained, and the synergies developed in the multifamily meetings described here, demonstrate that different methods more aligned with the principles of Open Dialogues are now possible with the resources available in our clinical context (AU)

Conocimientos, actitudes y creencias hacia la enfermedad en mujeres con fibromialgia. Un estudio cualitativo basado en grupo focal / Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs towards the disease in women with fibromyalgia. A qualitative study based on a focus group

Objetivos: Explorar las creencias, conocimientos y actitudes hacia la enfermedad en mujeres que sufren fibromialgia (FM). Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo basado en una discusión de grupo focal. Los pacientes fueron identificados y reclutados en la sede de la Asociación de Fibromialgia y Fatiga Crónica de Tenerife (AFITEN) a través de un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional de acuerdo con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: 1) mujeres usuarias de la asociación, 2) mayores de 18 años, 3) diagnosticadas con FM, 4) sin vinculación terapéutica, de parentesco y/o amistad con el personal investigador, 5) que comprendieran y hablaran fluidamente el español y 6) que dieran su consentimiento escrito para participar. Se llevó a cabo un análisis temático sobre las respuestas preguntas abiertas dirigidas a explorar las unidades temáticas: 1) conocimientos sobre la FM, 2) vivencias con la FM, 3) estrategias de afrontamiento, 4) expectativas sobre el sistema de salud y 5) expectativas sobre el profesional sanitario. Así, la muestra resultante fue de 12 mujeres con una edad promedio de 62,2 años (DE = 11,6). La edad media del diagnóstico fue de 31,8 años (DE = 12,0) mientras que el tiempo de evolución de los síntomas fue de 32,2 años (DE = 13,7). Resultados: El dolor en la vida de los pacientes con FM lleva a un deterioro en el nivel social, familiar y/o laboral que combaten con una actitud positiva. Enfatizaron la importancia de la información adecuada y los beneficios del tratamiento multidisciplinario por parte de profesionales capacitados. En este sentido, el asociacionismo es beneficioso, ya que puede brindar información sobre la enfermedad y acceso a tratamientos de bajo costo, así como apoyo emocional y social, que les ayude a romper su aislamiento y darles voz en la sociedad...(AU)

Objective: To explore the beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes towards the disease in women suffering from Fibromyalgia (FM). Material and methods: A qualitative study based on a focus group discussion was conducted. The patients were identified and recruited at the Association of Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue of Tenerife (AFITEN) through an intentional non-probabilistic sampling according to the following inclusion criteria: 1) female users of the association, 2) over 18 years of age, 3) diagnosed with FM, 4) without therapeutic ties, kinship and/or friendship with the research staff, 5) who understood and spoke Spanish fluently, and 6) who gave their written consent to participate. A thematic analysis was carried out on the answers to open questions aimed at exploring the thematic units: 1) knowledge about FM, 2) experiences with FM, 3) coping strategies, 4) expectations about the management of health system and 5) expectations about the health professional. 12 women with a mean age of 62.2 years (SD = 11.6) were included. The mean age of diagnosis was 31.8 years (SD = 12.0) while the duration of symptoms was 32.2 years (SD = 13.7). Results: The pain in the life of patients with FM leads to a deterioration in the social, family and/or work level that they fight with a positive attitude. They emphasized the importance of adequate information and the benefits of multidisciplinary treatment by trained professionals. In this sense, associationism is beneficial, since it can provide information about the disease and access to low-cost treatments, as well as emotional and social support, which helps them break their isolation and give them a voice in society. Lastly, dissatisfaction with the health system and professionals’ fuels misunderstanding and a feeling of impotence in the face of constant rejection or ridicule. Conclusions: The pain induced by FM is considered by the patients as a physical and psychological experience mediated by social aspects...(AU)

Investigating charge-up and fragmentation dynamics of oxygen molecules after interaction with strong X-ray free-electron laser pulses.

During the last decade, X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have enabled the study of light-matter interaction under extreme conditions. Atoms which are subject to XFEL radiation are charged by a complex interplay of (several subsequent) photoionization events and electronic decay processes within a few femtoseconds. The interaction with molecules is even more intriguing, since intricate nuclear dynamics occur as the molecules start to dissociate during the charge-up process. Here, we demonstrate that by analyzing photoelectron angular emission distributions and kinetic energy release of charge states of ionic molecular fragments, we can obtain a detailed understanding of the charge-up and fragmentation dynamics. Our novel approach allows for gathering such information without the need of complex ab initio modeling. As an example, we provide a detailed view on the processes happening on a femtosecond time scale in oxygen molecules exposed to intense XFEL pulses.

Resultados y evolución histórica de las redes sociales en el American College of Surgeons Clinical Congress y el Congreso Nacional de Cirugía. Análisis del #ACSCC20 y #CNCirugia2020 / Trends of social networks in the American College of Surgeons Clinical Congress and the Congreso Nacional de Cirugía. Analysis of the #ACSCC20 and #CNCirugia2020

Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el impacto de los congresos del American College of Surgeons Clinical Congress (ACSCC2020) y del Congreso Nacional de Cirugía de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos (CNC2020) en formato virtual por la pandemia SARS-CoV-2 según la huella digital. Material y métodos Se estudiaron los hashtags de Twitter #ACSCC20 y #CNCirugia2020 para determinar tuits, retuits, usuarios e impresiones. Se analizaron los datos sobre las cuentas con mayor influencia y la evolución histórica de los congresos entre 2015 y 2020. Utilizamos el software symplur para la recogida y análisis de los datos. Resultados Entre 2015 y 2017 hubo un incremento consistente en el número de tuits, participantes e impresiones. Entre 2018 y 2020, el ACS mantiene el número de impresiones con menor cantidad de tuits. Sin embargo, el CNC sigue creciendo y logra sus mejores métricas en el presente 2020. Encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las cuentas más prolíficas del ACSCC frente al CNC (p<0,002), pero no existen diferencias entre las 10 cuentas más influyentes (p=0,19) o las cuentas con mayor número de impresiones (p=0,450). Conclusiones Los congresos virtuales generan un impacto global a través del uso de Twitter para la diseminación de conocimiento. En el presente 2020 el crecimiento del impacto en redes sociales ha sido proporcionalmente mayor en el CNC que en el ACSCC. No obstante, el congreso virtual del ACS generó mayor impacto en las redes sociales medido por el número de usuarios, tuits e impresiones entre 2015 y 2020 (AU)

Aim The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the American College of Surgeons Clinical Congress (ACSCC2020) and the National Surgery Congress of the Spanish Association of Surgeons (CNC2020) in virtual format due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic according to the fingerprint.Material and methods The Twitter hashtags # ACSCC20 and # CNCirugia2020 were studied to determine tweets, retweets, users and impressions. The data on the accounts with the greatest influence and the historical evolution of the congresses between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed. We used the symplur software to collect and analyze the data. Results Between 2015 and 2017 there was a consistent increase in the number of tweets, participants and impressions. Between 2018 and 2020, the ACS maintains the number of impressions with the fewest number of tweets. However, the CNC continues to grow and achieves its best metrics in 2020. We found statistically significant differences between the most prolific accounts of the ACSCC versus the CNC (P<.002) but there are no differences between the 10 most influential accounts (P=.19) or the accounts with the highest number of impressions (P=.450). Conclusions Virtual congresses generate a global impact through the use of Twitter for the dissemination of knowledge. In the present 2020, the growth of the impact on social networks has been proportionally greater in the CNC than in the ACSCC. However, the ACS virtual congress generated the greatest impact on social networks measured by the number of users, tweets and impressions between 2015 and 2020 (AU)

Research Note: Formulating broiler diets using digestible calcium significantly improved growth performance but reduced apparent ileal digestibility of calcium and phosphorus.

An experiment was conducted to compare the use of a total and digestible Ca formulation system in broilers from hatch to d 37 post-hatch. Ross 308 (n = 288) male broilers were obtained and allocated to one of 2 dietary treatments in floor pens. There were 18 birds per pen and 8 replicate pens per diet. One diet was formulated using ingredient and nutrient recommendations for total Ca and the second diet was formulated using ingredient and nutrient recommendations for standardized ileal digestible (SID) Ca. All diets were formulated to be nutrient adequate using a 2-phase feeding program and including 0.19% available P (avP) and 0.209% total Ca or 0.073% digestible Ca from 1,000 FYT/kg of phytase. On d 17 and 37, tibias and ileal contents were obtained. From hatch to d 37, birds fed diets formulated using digestible Ca gained (P < 0.05) more and were more efficient (P < 0.05) compared with birds fed diets formulated using total Ca. There was no impact of formulation system on tibia ash or minerals. Litter pH (P < 0.05) was greater and litter dry matter (P < 0.05) was lower in birds fed the diets formulated using digestible Ca compared with those fed diets formulated using total Ca. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Ca (P < 0.05), AID of P (P < 0.05) and digestible P intake (P < 0.05) were lower in birds fed diets formulated using digestible Ca compared with those formulated using total Ca at d 17 or 37. However, apparent ileal digested Ca and digestible Ca intake were not different between the experimental diets on d 17 or 37. In conclusion, formulating diets using digestible Ca improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio, but reduced the AID of Ca and P compared with birds fed diets formulated using total Ca. These findings might be reflective of the higher total Ca concentration in the diets formulated using digestible Ca compared with those formulated using total Ca.

¿Qué hemos aprendido de las encuestas de la AEC, AECP y del Observatorio de Infección en Cirugía? Cumplimiento de las medidas de prevención de infección postoperatoria y comparación con las recomendaciones de la AEC / What have we learned from the surveys of the AEC, AECP and the Observatory of Infection in Surgery? Compliance with postoperative infection prevention measures and comparison with the AEC recommendations

Antes de planificar estrategias de mejora, es crucial conocer el grado de implementación de las medidas preventivas de infección postoperatoria. Se presentan los resultados agregados de 3encuestas realizadas por el Observatorio de Infección en Cirugía a miembros de 11 asociaciones de cirugía y de enfermería quirúrgica. Las preguntas fueron dirigidas a determinar el conocimiento de la evidencia científica, las creencias personales y el uso real de las principales medidas. De 2.295 encuestados, el 45,1% no recibe información de la tasa de infección de su unidad. Se observó un conocimiento insuficiente de algunas de las principales recomendaciones de prevención y unas tasas de utilización, en ocasiones, inquietante. Se indagó sobre las estrategias preferidas para mejorar el cumplimiento de las pautas preventivas y su grado de implementación. Se confirmó la brecha existente entre la evidencia científica y la práctica clínica en la prevención de infecciones en diferentes especialidades quirúrgicas (AU)

Before planning improvement strategies, it is crucial to know the degree of implementation of preventative measures for postoperative infection. The aggregated results of 3surveys carried out by the Observatory of Infection in Surgery to members of 11 associations of surgeons and perioperative nurses are presented. The questions were aimed to determine the knowledge of the scientific evidence, personal beliefs and the actual use of the main measures. Of 2295 respondents, 45.1% did not receive feedback on the infection rate of their unit. Insufficient knowledge of some of the main prevention recommendations and some disturbing rates of use were observed. The preferred strategies to improve compliance with preventive guidelines and their degree of implementation were investigated. A gap between scientific evidence and clinical practice in the prevention of infection in different surgical specialties was confirmed (AU)