Surface Treatments on Repair Bond Strength of Aged Resin Composites.

Aims: The aim was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the repair shear bond strength of aged resin composites. Materials and Methods: Forty cylindrical-shaped specimens were treated from each material: Tetric Evo Ceram, Neo Spectra, and Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative and allocated into four groups according to the surface treatment planned to use: Group 1: diamond, Group 2: silica coating, Group 3: carbide burs, and Group 4: control group. Following the surface treatment, composites were repaired with flowable resins. The shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The fracture mode was assessed under 50× magnification. The data were analyzed statistically using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by a one-way ANOVA test. Multiple comparison procedures were performed using Tukey's test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The lowest mean value of the shear bond strength was for the Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative in the control group, whereas the highest mean value was in the silica group. Silica and carbide groups had significantly higher mean values of the shear bond strength than diamond and control groups in Tetric EvoCeram and Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative. In contrast, in Neo Spectra St HV, the carbide group had a higher mean value but was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Combinations of mechanical and chemical retentive systems enhance the shear bond strength of the repair composite to the aged composite. Among the different surface treatments employed in this study, silica and carbide groups show higher repair bond strength of new composite to aged composite.

Incidental Radiographic Detection of a Foreign Body in the Nose of a Child.

Foreign bodies in the nasal cavity are common in children, possibly due to their curiosity to explore body openings. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of an undetected nasal foreign body in a 10-year-old girl who presented to a pediatric dentistry clinic for a routine dental examination. A foreign body in the nasal cavity was discovered during a panoramic radiographic examination. A prompt referral to the otorhinolaryngologist was critical to confirm the diagnosis and successfully remove the foreign body. This case report demonstrates that dentists can play a significant role in the diagnosis of foreign objects in children.

Effectiveness of educational intervention of oral health for special needs on knowledge of dental students in Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: It is critical to educate dental students on the essential aspects of oral care for persons with special health care needs (shcn) as they acquire more dental diseases and 80% not receiving routine dental care. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: To evaluate awareness and knowledge of dental students concerning oral-health care for persons with shcn, and to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving their knowledge. METHODS: Students completed an evaluation in the form of pre-post questionnaires that were answered before and immediately after the 30- minute dvd educational intervention regarding the oral health care of persons with shcn. ancova test where used to adjust for the pre knowledge and dependent t-tests were used. RESULTS: The mean ±â€¯sd of pre-test scores of all students was 15.46 ±â€¯2.97, which increased to 18.09 ±â€¯3.37 on the post-test. the post knowledge scores by dental class (adjusted for the pre knowledge) showed weak-significate anacova f test p value was (p < 0.050) however there was weak significant difference between the combined five years when compared (p < 0.050). however multiple comparison test (scheffe test) showed weak significance between d2 and d3 (p < 0.067). in addition, there was weak significant difference between post scores for each year when compared (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention was effective in providing all five levels of dental students with the basic instructive information needed to care for persons with shcn. about 62% of students from all five years rated their knowledge as being minimal and about 98% reported they would use the information provided in the educational intervention.

Effect of Remineralizing Agents on Bond Strength of Resin-Composites to Primary Enamel.

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to assess the effect of three remineralizing agents (Voco Remin Pro®, Uncle Harry's remineralization kit, Sunshine remineralization gel) on the shear bond strengths of two resin-composites (Tetric® N-Ceram and Filtek™ Z250 Universal Restorative) to enamel of primary molars. Study design: Ninety-six enamel specimens were prepared and randomly distributed to eight groups according to the control, remineralizing agents, and resin composite used. Shear bond strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min and the type of bond failure was recorded. Results: The highest shear bond strength (Mean+SD) in MPa was for Tetric® N-Ceram/control [21.06+1.68] while the lowest was for Filtek™ Z250/Sunshine remineralization gel [11.98+1.46]. Tukey HSD Post Hoc Tests showed significant difference between Tetric® N-Ceram/control and all other groups (p=0.0001) except Filtek™ Z250/control. In addition, there was significant difference between Filtek™ Z250/control and all other groups (p=0.0001) except Tetric® N-Ceram/control and Tetric® N-Ceram/Uncle Harry's remineralization kit. Mode of failure was cohesive (9.38%), adhesive (55.21%), and mixed (35.42%). Conclusions: The three tested remineralizing agents affect shear bond strength of the tested resin-composites to enamel of primary teeth. In general, shear bond strength values were acceptable. Mode of failure was mostly adhesive.

Effects of fruit drinks on surface roughness of two esthetic restorative materials.

OBJECTIVES: Restorative materials may be exposed in the oral cavity to chemical agents found in beverages, which may lead to their biodegradation. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of two fruit drinks commonly used by children on surface roughness of two esthetic restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One resin composite (RC), one resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) and two fruit drinks (orange and cocktail) were used in this study. Specimens (n=20) of each material were fabricated against Mylar strip. Baseline measurements of surface roughness were recorded for each group using noncontact surface profilometer. Each specimen was placed in the tested fruit drinks for 24 hours and then surface roughness was recorded. RESULTS: The mean (±SD) surface roughness of RC before and after immersion in orange and cocktail were 0.04±0.02, 0.12±0.05, 0.06±0.03 and 0.11±0.06, respectively and for RMGI were 0.72±0.14, 0.60±0.19, 0.56±0.11, and 0.52±0.15. For RC there was significant difference between surface roughness (Sa) before and after immersion in orange and cocktail (P<0.05). For RMGI, there was significant difference between surface roughness before and after immersion in orange (P<0.05), but no significant difference before and after immersion in cocktail (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The surface roughness of the RC and RMGI examined showed a significant change in the surface roughness after immersion for 24 hours in the tested fruit drinks.

Effect of different intermediary bases on microleakage of a restorative material in Class II box cavities of primary teeth.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the effect of different intermediary bases on microleakage between tooth and a nanocomposite interface in Class II box cavities in primary teeth. METHODS: Standard Class II box cavities were prepared in 52 primary molars and randomly divided into 9 groups according to the intermediary base used (Multicore Flow, Fuji II LC, SDR, Smart Dentin Replacement, and Biodentine). All specimens were subjected to thermocycling and prepared for microleakage testing and evaluation. RESULTS: There was significant difference in the mean ranks of microleakage between the 9 groups, which was observed in the gingival side (p<0.0001) and the occlusal side (p<0.0001). The mean ranks microleakage was significantly higher with experimental SDR, experimental Multicore Flow, and positive control materials when compared with the other 6 groups. The microleakage mean ranks were statistically significantly lower in experimental Fuji II LC, experimental Biodentine, and all negative control groups when compared with the other 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Microleakage is affected by the application of intermediate material. Experimental Biodentine and Fuji II LC showed the lowest microleakage while experimental SDR and experimental Multicore Flow showed the highest microleakage.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Inverted Mesiodentes.

A mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary teeth. The purpose of this report is to present a rare occurrence of non-syndromic impacted inverted mesiodentes in an 8.5-year-old boy who presented with a chief complaint of delayed eruption of his permanent maxillary left central incisor. Occlusal and panoramic radiographs, as well as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction image, confirmed that one supernumerary tooth had perforated the nasal fossa floor and the other was in close approximation to the to the same site. Surgical removal of both mesiodentes was indicated. Radiographic evidence of complete healing was observed 12 months following surgical removal. The use of CBCT with a 3-D reconstruction image as a tool in diagnosis and evaluation of healing after surgical removal is recommended.

Effect of Sandblasting and Type of Cement on the Bond Strength of Molar Bands on Stainless Steel Crowns.

PURPOSES: The purposes of this study were to: (1) compare the bond strength of molar bands cemented to stainless steel crowns (SSCs) using glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), or polycarboxylate cement (PXC); and (2) assess the influence of sandblasting molar bands on the mean bond strength between the band and the SSC. METHODS: Sixty SSCs and 60 molar bands were used. The inner surfaces of 30 molar bands were roughened by sandblasting prior to cementation. The bond strength was measured after dislodging the SSC using a push-out test. RESULTS: In the nonsandblasted group, a significant difference was observed between PXC and RMGIC (P >.04). In the sandblasted group, a significant difference was observed between PXC and RMGIC (P >.02), while there was only a marginal difference between GIC and RMGIC (P >.05). The sandblasted group exhibited superior bond strength overall. However, the only significant improvement was observed for GIC (P >.03). CONCLUSIONS: PXC showed the highest bond strength of molar bands to SSCs, while RMGIC showed the lowest. Sandblasting the inner surface of bands enhanced the bond strength of different cements.

Orofacial findings associated with obstructive sleep apnea in a group of Saudi Children.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate orofacial and occlusion findings associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a group of Saudi children. METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 OSA patients, and 30 age and gender matched, healthy control. The following facial and occlusal features were evaluated: frontal view, facial profile, mandibular angle, tongue size, dental midline to facial midline, upper to lower dental midline, overjet, overbite, anterior open bite, cross bite, scissors bite, palatal vault, maxillary and mandibular arch crowding and spacing, molar and canine relationship. RESULTS: Participants age ranged from 3 to 8 years. Study group had steeper mandibular angle, deeper palatal vault, and less spaced upper and lower arches. There was no statistically significant difference between the two examined groups regarding facial morphology, facial profile, midline, anterior openbite, tongue size, posterior crossbite, overjet or molar relationship. CONCLUSION: OSA children have a relatively different orofacial morphology compared with control children. OSA subjects had deeper palatal vault, steeper mandibular plane angle and less spaced upper and lower arches compared to control.

Oral health status of children with obstructive sleep apnea and snoring.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate caries experience, oral hygiene, plaque deposition, and gingival health status of a group of Saudi children with obstructive sleep apnea and snoring (OSA). METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 OSA and snoring patients (three to eight years old) and 30 age- and gender-matched controls. Dental caries, oral hygiene, plaque deposition, and gingival health status were assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries was 83 percent for the control group and 47 percent for the study group. More than one-third (37 percent) of the study group had good oral hygiene compared to only one case (three percent) in the control group. The mean plaque accumulation for the study group was (0.78±0.57) and (1.09±0.3) for the control group, while the mean gingival index score was (0.05±0.13) for the study group and (0.17±0.29) for the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Young children suffering from obstructive sleep apnea and snoring have different oral health status compared with nonobstructed control children. OSA subjects had less dental caries, plaque deposition, and gingival inflammation and better oral hygiene.

Effectiveness of an infant oral health care educational intervention on knowledge of dental students.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effectiveness of an infant oral health care educational intervention on the knowledge of female dental students at King Saud University in Riyadh city. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight students participated in the study. The participants were from different levels in the dental college, ie, second year (D2), third year (D3), fourth year (D4), and fifth year (D5). Assessment by questionnaire was completed immediately before and after a 14-minute educational intervention, in the form of a PowerPoint presentation and video on oral health of infants for dental students. The 18-item multiple-choice questionnaire was based on information presented in the presentation. RESULTS: A significant difference (P < 0.001) was found between average pretest scores (9.30 ± 2.24), and average post-test scores (12.56 ± 2.05). The highest percentage of improvement in the post-test as compared with the pretest was recorded for group D2 (50.6%) followed by D3 (40%), D4 (35%), and D5 (23%). One hundred and twenty-six (98.4%) study participants found the presentation helpful in improving their understanding of infant oral health, and 77 (60.2%) were very satisfied with the presentation. Sixty-six participants (51.6%) reported that the presentation was very effective in teaching them about infant oral health, and 83 (65%) were very likely to incorporate this information into their daily practice. CONCLUSION: A 14-minute PowerPoint and video educational intervention was effective in teaching basic information about infant oral health to dental students.

Oral health outcomes in an adult dental population: the impact of payment systems.

This study compared the effect of payment systems on recall visits and oral health outcomes for four patient payer groups. The authors reviewed recall audit data obtained over a 4-year period. Dental payer groups in the study population differed with respect to dental outcomes. Patients who had recall visits at 1 year or longer had worse outcomes than patients seen more frequently. A Medicaid subgroup with the greatest number of risk factors displayed improved oral health outcomes when seen on a more frequent recall schedule. Study findings suggest that, given the increased risks to maintaining oral health, patients being supported by public-funded programs would benefit from more frequent recalls. Such an emphasis would appear to provide the opportunity to improve outcomes in disadvantaged populations and increase the quality of care offered.

Apical microleakage of primary teeth root canal filling materials.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro apical microleakage of root canal filling materials for primary teeth. METHODS: Fifty extracted primary anterior teeth were distributed into 6 groups: 4 experimental groups; 1 negative control group; and 1 positive control group. Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE), Kri paste, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)), and Vitapex were inserted into the canal using a lentulo spiral mounted in a slow-speed handpiece. All teeth were then subjected to a dye leakage test using 2% methylene blue as the tracer. RESULTS: The highest dye penetration was recorded for teeth filled with ZOE, with mean values of 9.01+/-1.23 mm. Vitapex showed the lowest dye penetration, with mean values of 4.02+/-1.79 mm. Comparison between groups showed significant difference when the Vitapex and Kri paste groups were compared to the ZOE group (P<.0001). Also, a significant difference between the Vitapex and Ca(OH)2 group (P=.014) was detected. The result showed no difference between Vitapex and Kri paste (P=.658) nor between Kri paste and Ca(OH)(2) (P=.185). CONCLUSIONS: All the resorbable root canal filling materials used in primary teeth showed apical leakage. The highest apical leakage was recorded for ZOE, while Vitapex showed minimum dye leakage.

Effects of repeated fluoride varnish application on different restorative surfaces.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of repeated (twice) applications of two fluoride varnishes (Duraflor and CavityShield) on the surface micromorphology of a high-viscosity glass ionomer (Fuji IX GP), a compomer (F2000), and a flowable composite (Filtek Flow) using a profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifteen specimens were prepared from each material, surface roughness (Ra) was measured with a profilometer, and an impression was made for epoxy replicas. The fluoride varnishes were applied to the experimental specimens of each material at repeated intervals of 48 hours. For all specimens, Ra was measured and SEM replicas were examined. RESULTS: The final Ra of glass ionomer was 3.49 +/- 0.59 (mean +/- SD) for CavityShield, 4.69 +/- 1.33 for Duraflor, and 2.96 +/- 1.53 for the controls. The final Ra of flowable composite was 0.53 +/- 0.20 for CavityShield, 2.61 +/- 3.08 for Duraflor, and 0.15 +/- 0.09 for controls. For glass ionomer and flowable composite, Duraflor was associated with a significantly higher roughness at the final measurement compared to controls (P < 0.05). SEM micrographs showed differing surface topographies which in many specimens confirmed Ra analysis. CONCLUSION: Fuji IX GP and Filtek Flow showed significantly higher roughness after two applications of Duraflor compared to controls.

Clinical evaluation of root canal obturation methods in primary teeth.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated in vivo 2 different obturation techniques (lentulo spiral mounted in a slow-speed handpiece and hand-held) in primary teeth. METHODS: The study was carried out on 24 children (mean age = 6.71 years) who had received 50 single-visit zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) pulpectomies in primary molars. The root canal filling materials were deposited into the canals either by a lentulo spiral mounted in a slow-speed handpiece or by a hand-held lentulo spiral. Evaluation of pulpectomized molars was performed by both authors immediately and 6 months following treatment using specific clinical and radiographic criteria. In cases of disagreement, the lower rank was selected. RESULTS: The study found 64% (16/25) optimal filling (if 1 or more of the canals having ZOE ended at the radiographic apex or up to 2 mm short of the apex) when the lentulo spiral mounted in the slow-speed handpiece was used. It also found a 96% (21/22) clinical success rate in the group obturated by the lentulo spiral mounted in a slow-speed handpiece vs 48% (12/25) optimal filling and a 92% (23/25) clinical success rate in the group obturated by a hand-held lentulo spiral. The radiographic success for over- and optimally filled canals, when combining both lentulo groups, was significantly greater than underfilled root canals (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 techniques of obturation, according to the quality of the root canal filling or success rate.

Impacted primary mandibular central incisors: case report.

Impaction of primary teeth is very rare especially in the maxillary anterior teeth. A tooth that fails to erupt into a normal functional position by the time it normally should, is considered impacted. The purpose of this article is to present a case of a 2 year and 4-month-old male with an impacted primary mandibular central incisors. Clinical examination did not reveal systemic diseases or trauma in the facial region. Clinical and radiographic examinations are described. Treatment consisted of a period of observation for 6 months and the extraction of the impacted primary mandibular central incisors. Eight months after the surgery, the permanent central incisors were erupted in the proper position.