The Connection Between Dark Traits and Emotional Intelligence: A Multistudy Person-Centered Approach.

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have analyzed the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and dark personality, but the results are inconclusive. One study tested correlations between traits that may underlie a person-centered profile of "dark EI." Our study aimed to replicate and extend that research, identifying profiles in Spaniards and examining the differences between the profiles based on different variables of interest. METHOD: Two studies were designed, the first one (N = 1241) focused on trait EI and the Dark Triad, and the second one expanding the previous (N = 392) focusing on ability EI and the Dark Tetrad. RESULTS: Three profiles were obtained in both studies: nondark and non-EI profile, dark profile, and average narcissistic and high EI profile. The latter showed the highest self-esteem, strengths, well-being, and civic engagement, and the lowest psychological difficulties and personal distress. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reinforced the findings of the study we replicated, not supporting the presence of dark EI, but also not supporting the presence of high EI with very low levels of dark traits. These results have implications when designing preventive actions to improve emotional education.

Factors associated with high and low mental well-being in Spanish university students.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies conducted in various nationally representative samples of the general population show that positive mental health is related to social prosperity. However, specific studies in university populations are scarce. In this study, we set out to explore factors associated with mental well-being (MWB) in a representative sample of first-year university students in Spain. METHODS: MWB was assessed with the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to explore the association between different blocks of factors, including relational, adversity, stress, lifestyle, spiritual, health, and self-perceived health variables with high and low MWB, controlling for sociodemographic and university-related variables. RESULTS: Data from 2082 students (18.6 ± 1.2 years; 56.6 % females) were analysed. Being male, being born in a foreign country, "high" self-perceived support, and "high" self-perceived mental health increased the odds of high MWB. Growing up in the suburbs, stressful experiences, and anxiety disorders reduced the odds of high MWB. Mood and anxiety disorders increased the odds of low MWB. "Middle" self-perceived support, sleeping ≥8 h per day, and "high" self-perceived mental health reduced the odds of low MWB. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design precludes establishing causal relationships. Data were collected in the 2014-15 academic year using self-reported online surveys. CONCLUSION: The factors associated with high and low MWB do not always mirror each other, so specific plans are needed to successfully address each of the two poles. Interventions and policies targeting these factors for health promotion and disease prevention would improve the MWB of university students.

Let’s Talk About Suicide Spectrum in Spanish Adolescents. "Prefer not to say": Missing Value or Clinical Data? / Hablemos de Espectro Suicida en Adolescentes Españoles. "No Deseo Contestar": ¿Valor Perdido o Dato Clínico?

Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death in young people aged 15-29 in Spain. It is imperativeto detect cases with suicidal risk for early intervention. The purpose of the study was to examine the self-reportedpresence of suicide spectrum indicators using a trichotomous rating scale: no, yes, prefer not to say. This last alternativewas intended to safeguard the sensitive nature of the phenomenon and explore its clinical character. Method: 5,528adolescents made up the definitive sample (12-18 years; M ± SD = 14.20 ± 1.53; 50.74% female). Results: Prevalencereached 15.38% for ideation, 9.32% for planning, and 3.65% for previous suicide attempts. Girls’ rates were twicethose of men. Suicidality showed a tendency to increase with age. Adolescents with the presence of suicidal indicators(yes) and omission of response (prefer not to say) both had lower levels of socioemotional strength and subjective well-being, and higher levels of psychopathology than the group with the absence of markers (no). Conclusions: Prefer notto say is a response category that increases the sensitivity of the self-report, allowing more accurate identification ofcases with a high suicidal risk that would go unnoticed by the traditional dichotomous system (no-yes).(AU)

Antecedentes: En España, el suicidio constituye la segunda causa de muerte en jóvenes de 15 a 29 años. Es imperativa ladetección de casos con riesgo suicida para una intervención temprana. El objetivo del estudio fue examinar la presenciaautoinformada de indicadores del espectro suicida en adolescentes mediante una escala de respuesta tricotómica: no,sí, no deseo contestar. Incluir esta última alternativa pretendía salvaguardar la naturaleza sensible del fenómeno yexplorar su carácter clínico. Método: 5,528 adolescentes conformaron la muestra definitiva (12-18 años; M ± DT =14,20 ± 1,53; 50,74% mujeres). Resultados: Las prevalencias alcanzaron el 15.38% en ideación, 9,32% en planificacióny 3,65% en tentativas suicidas previas. Las mujeres duplicaron las cifras de los hombres. La suicidalidad mostró unatendencia a incrementar con la edad. Adolescentes con presencia de indicadores suicidas (sí) y omisión de respuesta (nodeseo contestar) obtuvieron, de forma equivalente, niveles inferiores en fortaleza socioemocional y bienestar subjetivo,y superiores en psicopatología, frente al grupo con ausencia de marcadores (no). Conclusiones: No deseo contestarconstituye una categoría de respuesta que incrementa la sensibilidad del autoinforme, permitiendo una identificación másprecisa de casos con alto riesgo suicida que pasarían desapercibidos mediante el sistema dicotómico tradicional (no-sí).(AU)

Intervenciones cognitivo-conductuales para reducir conductas autolesivas en niños y jóvenes con TEA: Una revisión sistemática / Cognitive-behavioural interventions to decrease self-injurious behaviours in children and young people with ASD: A Systematic Review

Las conductas autolesivas en niños y jóvenes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) entrañan riesgos para su integridad física, afectan a sucalidad de vida, la de sus familias y dificultan su integración en el ámbito escolar y social, integración ya de por sí limitada por las característicaspropias de este tipo de trastornos. Aunque hay pocos estudios sobre autolesiones en esta población, en general se ha visto que, a mayor afectacióny menor nivel cognitivo, las conductas autolesivas son más frecuentes que en casos más leves. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la eficaciade las intervenciones de tipo cognitivo-conductual para la reducción de conductas autolesivas en niños y jóvenes con TEA. Para ello se realizaronbúsquedas en PsycINFO, Scopus y Google Scholar. La revisión incluyó estudios en lengua inglesa o española sobre intervenciones de tipo cognitivo-conductual para reducir conductas autolesivas en niños y jóvenes con TEA; con muestras formadas por personas TEA entre 1 y 30 años quepresentaban conductas autolesivas; y realizados entre 1970 y 2022. De los 228 estudios identificados, solo 7 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión.Los estudios incluidos en la presente revisión incluyeron participantes entre los 3 y los 26 años diagnosticados con TEA y fueron publicados entre1974 y 2015, evidenciando la eficacia de las intervenciones cognitivo-conductuales. Aunque dichos estudios muestran resultados positivos tras lasintervenciones, su número es escaso, por lo que es necesario seguir investigando sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones de carácter cognitivo-conductual para reducir conductas autolesivas en niños y jóvenes con TEA. (AU)

Self-injurious behaviours in children and young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) imply risks to their physical integrity and affect their quality of lifeand that of their families. In addition, they hinder their integration into the school and social environments, this being limited by the characteristics ofthis type of disorder. Although there is little information about self-harm in this population, in general it has been seen that the greater the affectationand the lower the cognitive level, the more prevalent self-injurious behaviours are. The aim of this study was to review the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions for the reduction of self-injurious behaviors in children and youth with ASD. For it, we searched PsycINFO, Scopus and GoogleScholar. The review included studies in English or Spanish languages on cognitive-behavioral interventions to reduce self-injurious behaviors inchildren and youth with ASD; with samples consisting of individuals with ASD between 1 and 30 years of age presenting self-injurious behaviors;and conducted between 1970 and 2022. Of the 228 studies identified, only 7 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies included participantsbetween the ages of 3 and 26 years diagnosed with ASD and were published between 1974 and 2015, evidencing the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions. Although these studies show positive post-intervention results, they are scarce in number. Further research is therefore neededon the effectiveness of behavioural and cognitive interventions to reduce self-injurious behaviours in children and young people with ASD. (AU)

Medidas de frecuencia utilizadas en estudios de cohortes para evaluar el comportamiento suicida en jóvenes (12-26 años): una revisión sistemática / Measures of frequency used in cohorts studies to evaluate the suicidal behaviour in young people (12-26 years): a systematic review

Introducción: La OMS prioriza para el año 2020 reducir las tasas de suicidio señalando dificultades para dar estimaciones precisas debido a una amplia variedad de factores, entre ellos, aspectos relativos a la propia medición estadística de la conducta suicida. La proporción de muertes por suicidio es del 8,5% para los jóvenes de entre 15-29 años. Objetivo: Revisar la metodología empleada para expresar la frecuencia de la conducta suicida en población joven y describir las características metodológicas de los estudios examinados. Método: Revisión sistemática de estudios longitudinales registrada en PROSPERO. La información extraída fue: año de publicación, revista, tamaño poblacional, muestra, país, diseño, edad, porcentaje de hombres, tiempo de seguimiento y pérdidas, comportamiento suicida, factores de riesgo, aspectos éticos y evaluándose fundamentalmente las medidas de frecuencia empleadas. Resultados: Se identificaron 37.793 documentos, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 82. Ningún estudio define la medida de frecuencia empleada para la conducta suicida, encontrándose hasta 9 formas diferentes de medirla. La población son estudiantes o población general (66%), cohortes de nacimiento (16%) y colectivos específicos. El seguimiento fue de 24 semanas hasta 30 años. Solo un 24,1% de los estudios consideró los aspectos éticos. Conclusiones: Se constata que no existe una sistematización a la hora de medir la frecuencia de presentación de la conducta suicida. La variabilidad metodológica y terminológica utilizada dificulta hacer comparaciones entre los estudios y conocer la verdadera dimensión del problema. Se insta a los investigadores a realizar un esfuerzo para consensuar las medidas de frecuencia empleadas en los estudios de cohortes

Introduction: A priority for the WHO by 2020 is to have reduced the rates of suicide; they indicate difficulties in giving precise estimations due to a wide variety of factors, which include aspects related to the statistical measurements themselves of suicidal behaviour. The proportion of deaths from suicide is 8.5% among young people between 15-29 years of age. Objective: To review the methodology used to express the frequency of suicidal behaviour in young people and to describe the methodological characteristics of the studies reviewed. Method: A systematic review of longitudinal studies registered on PROSPERO. The extracted information included the following: year of publication, journal, population size, sample, country, design, age, percentage of men, follow-up time and losses, suicidal behaviour, risk factors, ethical aspects, fundamentally, evaluating the measures of frequency used. Results: Eighty-two articles were selected from 37,793 documents. None of the studies define the measure of frequency used for suicidal behaviour, there are currently up to 9 different ways of measuring it. The populations are students or the general population (66%), birth cohorts (16%) and specific groups. Follow-up was from 24 weeks to 30 years. Only 24.1% of the studies took ethical aspects into consideration. Conclusions: Researchers must make an effort to reach an agreement on the measures of frequency used in suicidal behaviour studies, as the methodological and terminological variability currently used impedes making any comparisons between different studies or understanding the real dimension of the problem

Self-esteem and suicidal behaviour in youth: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies / Autoestima y comportamiento suicida en jóvenes: un metaanálisis de estudios longitudinales

Background: Previous literature suggests that low self-esteem is a risk factor for suicide attempts, but no meta-analyses have been conducted to assess this association in adolescents/young adults. The present study examined the relationship between low self-esteem and suicide attempts in young people (12-26 years old). Method: Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models (ES) and odds ratio (OR). Heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: From 26,883 initial titles, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 9 studies had data that could be included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that youths with lower self-esteem were more likely to have future suicide attempts, with an effect size (self-esteem as continuous variable) of d = .58 (95% CI = .44 - .73) and, for low self-esteem (categorical variable) an OR = 1.99 (95% CI = 1.39-2.86; p < .001). Conclusion: A low level of self-esteem is a risk factor for suicide attempts in adolescents/young adults

Antecedentes: según la literatura, la baja autoestima es un factor de riesgo para los intentos de suicidio, pero no se han realizado metaanálisis para evaluar esta asociación entre los adolescentes/jóvenes. El presente estudio examinó la relación entre la baja autoestima y los intentos de suicidio entre los jóvenes (12-26 años de edad). Método: los metaanálisis se realizaron mediante modelos de efectos aleatorios, con tamaños del efecto (TE) y odds-ratio (OR). Se realizaron análisis de heterogeneidad y sensibilidad. Resultados: de 2.883 trabajos iniciales, 22 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, de los cuales 9 estudios tenían datos que podían incluirse en el meta-análisis. El meta-análisis mostró que los jóvenes con menor autoestima eran más propensos a tener intentos futuros de suicidio, con un tamaño del efecto (autoestima como variable continua) de TE = 0,58 (IC del 95%: 0,44 a 0,73) y para la autoestima baja (variable categórica), un OR = 1,99 (IC del 95%: 1,39 a 2,86; p<0,001). Conclusión: el bajo nivel de autoestima es un factor de riesgo para los intentos de suicidio en adolescentes/jóvenes. Se necesitan programas eficaces para aumentar los niveles de autoestima y prevenir futuros comportamientos suicidas