Cyberbullying: Common Predictors to Cyber-Victimisation and Bystanding.

Cyberbullying has increased worryingly in the last decade, becoming a mental health problem in adolescence. Research usually focuses on cyber-bullies or cyber-victims, overlooking that these roles may overlap (e.g., cyber-victim-bystander). AIM: To identify possible common predictors to cyber-victimisation and bystanding. SAMPLE: The study sample consisted in 560 students, 12-15 years old, 47.5% female. METHOD: Canonical correlation, examining linear relationship between a group of X variables, and a group of Y variables. MAIN RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Two canonical varieties were built (Cor (U1,V1) = 0.442; Cor (U2,V2) = 0.270). Minors with high scores in cyber-victimisation (r = -0.888) and bystanding (r = -0.902) would have more favourable attitude towards violence, greater number of contacts on social networks/messaging and greater attention to emotions. The second variety discriminates minors with high cyber-victimisation score, but low observation and would relate to low attitudes towards violence and contacts on social networks/messaging, together with high scores in parental monitoring. Results suggest the possible overlapping of roles and how cyber-victimisation and bystanding share predictive factors.

Validation of the Center of Applied Psychology Female Sexuality Questionnaire (CAPFS-Q).

Instruments for the measurement of human sexuality include self-report measures used to assess sexual functioning, but many of them have not yet been validated. The Center of Applied Psychology Female Sexual Questionnaire (CAPFS-Q) is an original self-report instrument. It has been developed for the study of sexuality in specific non-clinical populations, such as female university students of Medicine and other Health Sciences. The CAPFS-Q includes 26 items, organized as follows: sociodemographic and relevant data (four items); aspects of sexual relations with partner (five items); sexual practices (12 from 13 items); and dysfunctional aspects of sexual relations (four items). CAPFS-Q validity and reliability were examined in a sample of Spanish female university students of Health Sciences. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (FA) showed a four-factor structure which explained 71.6% of the variance. This initial version of the CAPFS-Q is a reliable measure of women's sexual behavior, with a dimensionality that replicates the initial theoretical content and with adequate indicators of internal consistency, validity, and test-retest reliability. It is easy to administer and to complete.

Communication Skills and Professional Practice: Does It Increase Self-Efficacy in Nurses?

The relationship between nurses and their patients is changing significantly, resulting in a patient-focused model. This work aims to contribute new knowledge about the effect of communication skills on perceived self-efficacy of nursing professionals. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a final sample consisting of 242 nurses. Different instruments that measured communication skills and the general and specific self-efficacy of nursing professionals were utilized. A positive and statistically significant correlation (p < 0.01) between the communication skills and the perceived general and specific self-efficacy was obtained. Nursing professionals who have adequate communication skills feel more confident and more competent, fostering good interpersonal relationships with their patients, and therefore, their perceived general and specific self-efficacy improved as well. Teaching communication skills is important to help nurses cope with a broad range of stressors in their daily interactions with patients, increasing their perceived self-efficacy.

Validación española de la Escala de Adicción a Videojuegos para Adolescentes (GASA) / Spanish validation of Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA)

OBJETIVO: El objetivo es adaptar y validar la escala Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) a población juvenil española. DISEÑO: Estudio de adaptación cultural y validación. Emplazamiento: Centros de educación secundaria seleccionados por conveniencia. PARTICIPANTES: Se realizan dos estudios independientes con 466 jóvenes de 15,27 años (13-18, DT: 1,83) 48,7%♀ y 556 de 21,24 años (19-26; DT: 1,86) 44,1%♀. Mediciones: Adicción a los videojuegos (GASA); Conducta de juego (Cuestionario de hábitos de uso de videojuegos), Impulsividad. (Escala de Impulsividad de Plutchik) y Presión de grupo (cuestionario ad hoc). RESULTADOS: La versión española de GASA ha mostrado buena fiabilidad y una estructura factorial fiel a la de la escala original. En cuanto a la validez de criterio, las puntuaciones de GASA son significativamente diferentes en función de 4 criterios asociados al juego problemático: intensidad y frecuencia de juego, impulsividad y presión de grupo. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran que la versión adaptada de GASA es una medida adecuada y válida para la evaluación de la conducta problemática de videojuegos

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to adapt and validate the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) to the Spanish youth population. DESIGN: Cultural adaptation and validation study. SETTING: Secondary Education centres. PARTICIPANTS: Two independent studies were conducted on a group of 466 young people with a mean age of 15.27 years (13-18, SD: 1.83) and 48.7% ♀ and on another group of 566, with a mean age of 21.24 years (19-26; SD: 1.86) 44.1% ♀. Measurements: Addiction to video games (GASA); Game behavior (Game habits usage questionnaire), Impulsiveness (Plutchik Impulsiveness Scale) and Group Pressure (Ad hoc questionnaire). RESULTS: The Spanish version of GASA has shown good reliability and true to the original scale factor structure. As regards criterion validity, GASA scores are significantly different according to four criteria related to problem gambling: Game intensity and frequency, impulsiveness, and peer pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the adapted version GASA is adequate and a valid tool for assessing problematic gaming behavior

[Spanish validation of Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA)]. / Validación española de la Escala de Adicción a Videojuegos para Adolescentes (GASA).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to adapt and validate the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) to the Spanish youth population. DESIGN: Cultural adaptation and validation study. SETTING: Secondary Education centres. PARTICIPANTS: Two independent studies were conducted on a group of 466 young people with a mean age of 15.27 years (13-18, SD: 1.83) and 48.7% ♀ and on another group of 566, with a mean age of 21.24 years (19-26; SD: 1.86) 44.1% ♀. MEASUREMENTS: Addiction to video games (GASA); Game behavior (Game habits usage questionnaire), Impulsiveness (Plutchik Impulsiveness Scale) and Group Pressure (Ad hoc questionnaire). RESULTS: The Spanish version of GASA has shown good reliability and true to the original scale factor structure. As regards criterion validity, GASA scores are significantly different according to four criteria related to problem gambling: Game intensity and frequency, impulsiveness, and peer pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the adapted version GASA is adequate and a valid tool for assessing problematic gaming behaviour.

Barriers for identification and treatment of problem drinkers in primary care / Barreras para la identificación y la intervención en bebedores problemáticos en atención primaria

Objective: Due to the lack of studies in the Spanish population, this study aims to analyze the barriers perceived by health professionals from different Spanish health centers when attempting to identify and treat problem drinkers and the importance given to this aspect, as well as analyzing the possible differences as a function of the professionals’ health teams. We also analyze the psychometric properties of the questionnaire used to assess these barriers. Method: The participants included 107 health professionals: 62.7% belonged to the medical team and 32.4% to the nursing team. After we had reviewed previous studies, collecting the main barriers referred to in them, participants completed an ad hoc questionnaire. Results: The main barriers found were the belief that patients will lie about their actual consumption and will not identify its negative consequences, and the belief that they will reject participating in an intervention for their alcohol consumption. No significant differences between doctors and nurses were found in any of the barriers assessed. The results provide empirical evidence of the reliability of the test for the assessment by both teams of professionals. Conclusions Studies are needed to examine in greater depth these conclusions, extending the number of variables studied to determine a more complete profile of the health professionals who are reluctant to incorporate the assessment and treatment of problem drinkers in their consultation. This could help to improve the design of programs to facilitate and encourage its implementation in primary care (AU)

Objetivo: Ante la falta de estudios en población española, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las barreras percibidas por los profesionales sanitarios de los centros de salud españoles en la identificación y el tratamiento de los bebedores problemáticos, y la importancia otorgada a su realización, analizando las posibles diferencias existentes en función del equipo sanitario al que pertenecen; y también analizar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario utilizado para evaluar dichas barreras. Método: Participaron 107 profesionales sanitarios, un 62,7% del equipo médico y un 32,4% del equipo de enfermería. Tras una revisión de estudios previos, fueron evaluados con un cuestionario ad hoc que recogía las principales barreras mencionadas en aquellos. Resultados: Creer que el paciente mentirá sobre lo que realmente bebe, que no identificará las consecuencias negativas de su consumo y que no accederá a recibir intervención sobre su consumo de alcohol son las principales barreras encontradas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre médicos/as y enfermeros/as en ninguna de las barreras evaluadas. Los resultados aportan evidencia empírica a favor de la fiabilidad de la prueba para la evaluación de ambos equipos profesionales. Conclusiones: Resultan necesarios estudios que profundicen en las conclusiones presentadas, ampliando el número de variables estudiadas para determinar un perfil más completo del profesional sanitario reticente a la hora de incorporar la identificación y la intervención de bebedores problemáticos en su consulta. De esta forma se podría ayudar a mejorar el diseño de programas que faciliten e incentiven su implementación en atención primaria (AU)

Barriers for identification and treatment of problem drinkers in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: Due to the lack of studies in the Spanish population, this study aims to analyze the barriers perceived by health professionals from different Spanish health centers when attempting to identify and treat problem drinkers and the importance given to this aspect, as well as analyzing the possible differences as a function of the professionals' health teams. We also analyze the psychometric properties of the questionnaire used to assess these barriers. METHOD: The participants included 107 health professionals: 62.7% belonged to the medical team and 32.4% to the nursing team. After we had reviewed previous studies, collecting the main barriers referred to in them, participants completed an ad hoc questionnaire. RESULTS: The main barriers found were the belief that patients will lie about their actual consumption and will not identify its negative consequences, and the belief that they will reject participating in an intervention for their alcohol consumption. No significant differences between doctors and nurses were found in any of the barriers assessed. The results provide empirical evidence of the reliability of the test for the assessment by both teams of professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Studies are needed to examine in greater depth these conclusions, extending the number of variables studied to determine a more complete profile of the health professionals who are reluctant to incorporate the assessment and treatment of problem drinkers in their consultation. This could help to improve the design of programs to facilitate and encourage its implementation in primary care.

Psychometric properties of the Health Professionals Communication Skills Scale (HP-CSS) / Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala sobre Habilidades de Comunicación de profesionales de la Salud (EHC-PS)

One of the main features of the relationship between health professionals and their patients is that their effects can be measured. To do this, we need instruments that are well built and that have proven their validity and reliability empirically and experimentally. The objective of this study is to analyse the psychometric properties of the Health Professionals Communication Skills Scale (HP-CSS), which evaluates the communication skills that health professionals use to relate to their patients. The sample consisted of 410 health professionals in the region of Murcia, Spain, and 517 in the province of Alicante, Spain. We obtained descriptive statistics and discrimination indices of the items, the internal structure of the scale using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the internal consistency, the temporal stability, and the external evidence of validity. The results indicate that the HP-CSS is a valid and reliable instrument and is also useful for the purpose and context in which it will be used (AU)

Una de las principales características de la relación que se produce entre los diferentes profesionales de la salud y los pacientes es que sus efectos pueden ser medidos. Para ello precisamos de instrumentos que estén bien construidos y que demuestren, de forma empírica y experimental, su validez y fiabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Habilidades de Comunicación de Profesionales de la Salud (EHCPS) que evalúa las habilidades de comunicación que los profesionales de la salud tienen al relacionarse con sus pacientes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 410 profesionales de la salud de la Región de Murcia (España) y 517 de la Provincia de Alicante (España). Se obtuvieron los estadísticos descriptivos y los índices de discriminación de los ítems, la estructura interna de la escala mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y Confirmatorio, la consistencia interna, la estabilidad temporal y evidencias externas de validez. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la EHC-PS resulta ser un instrumento válido y fiable y, además, útil para el propósito y el contexto en que va a ser utilizado (AU)

Creación de la Escala sobre Habilidades de Comunicación en Profesionales de la Salud, EHC-PS / Creation of the communication skills scale in health professionals, CSS-HP

En este trabajo se presenta el proceso de creación de la Escala sobre Habilidades de Comunicación en Profesionales de la Salud, EHC-PS. Este aspecto no se muestra en los procesos de elaboración de instrumentos a pesar de ser considerado una parte fundamental. Por esto, se muestra todo el proceso de creación de la escala, desde la definición operacional del constructo a medir, avalada por un grupo de expertos, como el proceso de creación de los ítems siguiendo las tablas de especificaciones de la escala y de los ítems. Además, se incluye la fase de evaluación cualitativa de los ítems creados por parte del grupo de expertos como los ensayos preliminares de la escala, aspectos fundamentales para la obtención de evidencias de validez de contenido y consenso en el futuro instrumento de medida. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los expertos valoraron positivamente la definición realizada del constructo, así como los ítems creados a partir de dicha definición, que se modificaron y eliminaron según dichos resultados

This work presents the process of creating the scale on communication skills scale in health professionals, CSS-HP. This aspect is not shown in the process of developing tools despite being considered a fundamental part. For this, it shows the entire process of creating the scale, from the operational definition of the construct to measure, backed by a group of experts, as the process of creating the items following the specification tables of the scale and items. It also includes qualitative evaluation phase of the items created by the group of experts and preliminary trials of the scale, fundamental aspects for obtaining content and consensus validity evidence on the future tool. The results show that experts appreciated positively the construct definition made and items created from that definition, which were modified and eliminated according to these result

Psychometric properties of the Health Professionals Communication Skills Scale (HP-CSS).

One of the main features of the relationship between health professionals and their patients is that their effects can be measured. To do this, we need instruments that are well built and that have proven their validity and reliability empirically and experimentally. The objective of this study is to analyse the psychometric properties of the Health Professionals Communication Skills Scale (HP-CSS), which evaluates the communication skills that health professionals use to relate to their patients. The sample consisted of 410 health professionals in the region of Murcia, Spain, and 517 in the province of Alicante, Spain. We obtained descriptive statistics and discrimination indices of the items, the internal structure of the scale using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the internal consistency, the temporal stability, and the external evidence of validity. The results indicate that the HP-CSS is a valid and reliable instrument and is also useful for the purpose and context in which it will be used.

Una de las principales características de la relación que se produce entre los diferentes profesionales de la salud y los pacientes es que sus efectos pueden ser medidos. Para ello precisamos de instrumentos que estén bien construidos y que demuestren, de forma empírica y experimental, su validez y fiabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Habilidades de Comunicación de Profesionales de la Salud (EHC-PS) que evalúa las habilidades de comunicación que los profesionales de la salud tienen al relacionarse con sus pacientes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 410 profesionales de la salud de la Región de Murcia (España) y 517 de la Provincia de Alicante (España). Se obtuvieron los estadísticos descriptivos y los índices de discriminación de los ítems, la estructura interna de la escala mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y Confirmatorio, la consistencia interna, la estabilidad temporal y evidencias externas de validez. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la EHC-PS resulta ser un instrumento válido y fiable y, además, útil para el propósito y el contexto en que va a ser utilizado.

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Adaptation of the Health Care Communication Questionnaire (HCCQ).

This study's aim is to adapt the Health Care Communication Questionnaire in a Spanish sample, and then test the psychometric properties of the adapted instrument. To do so, the questionnaire was adapted for the Spanish context and then applied in a pilot study as well as a final study. The final sample consisted of 200 patients at Morales Meseguer Hospital in Murcia, Spain. The results show that this adaptation's psychometric properties were similar to those of the original questionnaire. As for item analysis, all items obtained discriminant indices > .30. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the same structure as that of the original questionnaire (χ2/df = 1.345; CFI = .983; IFI = .983; TLI = .977; RMSEA = .042), with indices reflecting adequate goodness of fit. Also, results from the analysis of each dimension's internal consistency had coefficients between .71 and .86. We conclude that the Spanish version of the HCCQ has adequate psychometric properties, is useful, and will serve its purpose in the context in which it will be used.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the health care communication Questionnaire (HCCQ)

This study’s aim is to adapt the Health Care Communication Questionnaire in a Spanish sample, and then test the psychometric properties of the adapted instrument. To do so, the questionnaire was adapted for the Spanish context and then applied in a pilot study as well as a final study. The final sample consisted of 200 patients at Morales Meseguer Hospital in Murcia, Spain. The results show that this adaptation’s psychometric properties were similar to those of the original questionnaire. As for item analysis, all items obtained discriminant indices > .30. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the same structure as that of the original questionnaire (χ2/df = 1.345; CFI = .983; IFI = .983; TLI = .977; RMSEA = .042), with indices reflecting adequate goodness of fit. Also, results from the analysis of each dimension’s internal consistency had coefficients between .71 and .86. We conclude that the Spanish version of the HCCQ has adequate psychometric properties, is useful, and will serve its purpose in the context in which it will be used (AU)

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Efectos psicológicos de un programa estructurado para preparación de pacientes a cirugía bariátrica / Psychological effects of a structured programme for preparing surgery patients

Se ha diseñado y aplicado un programa de tratamiento cognitivo-conductual para pacientes que van a ser sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Se presentan los resultados referidos a la ansiedad y la depresión, tres meses después de su aplicación. Cincuenta candidatos a cirugía bariátrica completaron los cuestionarios BDI y STAI (E-R) antes y después de la implementación del programa (grupos 1 y 2), y nuevamente después de tres meses (grupo 2). Se han encontrado diferencias significativas en depresión y en ansiedad-rasgo antes y después de la aplicación del programa en ambos grupos. Asimismo, el Grupo 2 mostró también diferencias significativas entre el pre-programa y el seguimiento, pero no entre el post-programa y el seguimiento. Respecto de la ansiedad-estado, el Grupo 2 sólo mostró diferencias entre el pre-programa y el seguimiento con un tamaño del efecto muy alto. Los resultados muestran una reducción significativa en los niveles de ansiedad y depresión en los pacientes después del tratamiento y antes de ser sometidos a la cirugía bariátrica. Estos resultados no se mantienen estables durante el seguimiento y no se ha podido establecer una relación causal (AU)

A bariatric surgery preparation programme based on cognitive behavioural techniques was designed and implemented in a sample of 50 candidates for bariatric surgery. All participants completed the BDI short-form and STAI (E-R) questionnaires before and after the programme implementation (Groups 1 and 2) and again after a three-month follow-up (Group 2). The programme’s results are presented in terms of its effect on anxiety and depression levels three months after surgery. We found significant differences in depression and trait anxiety between pre- and post-treatment measures in both groups. Group 2 also showed significant differences between the pre-treatment and follow-up measures, but not between the post-treatment and follow-up measures. In the case of state anxiety, Group 2 showed differences between pre-programme implementation and follow-up with a large effect size, but not in the other comparisons. Conclusion: The results show a significant post-treatment reduction of anxiety and depression in bariatric surgery patients before surgery. These results do not remain stable during the follow-up and the authors are not able to establish a causal relationship (AU)

Development and validation of the theory of planned behavior questionnaire in physical activity.

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the main theoretical models in the study of the different variables, which influence in the practise of physical activity. The aim in this study was to develop a questionnaire based on TPB in physical activity context providing evidence for the validity of the obtained measures. The instrumental project included three independent studies. The first study entailed the construction and qualitative assessment of the items. In the second study, the analysis of factorial structure was performed by means of exploratory measures, and it showed that the reliability of measures was adequate. The third study provided evidence on the dimensionality of the scale. The confirmatory factorial analysis guaranteed the stability of factorial structure proposed by the TPB and provided evidence for the internal validity of the inventory. Moreover, this study provided evidence of its external validity.

Development and validation of the theory of planned behavior questionnaire in physical activity

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the main theoretical models in the study of the different variables, which influence in the practise of physical activity. The aim in this study was to develop a questionnaire based on TPB in physical activity context providing evidence for the validity of the obtained measures. The instrumental project included three independent studies. The first study entailed the construction and qualitative assessment of the items. In the second study, the analysis of factorial structure was performed by means of exploratory measures, and it showed that the reliability of measures was adequate. The third study provided evidence on the dimensionality of the scale. The confirmatory factorial analysis guaranteed the stability of factorial structure proposed by the TPB and provided evidence for the internal validity of the inventory. Moreover, this study provided evidence of its external validity (AU)

La Teoría de la Conducta Planeada (TCP) es uno de los modelos teóricos más empleados para conocer las diferentes variables que influyen en la realización de ejercicio físico. El objetivo en este trabajo fue elaborar un cuestionario basado en la TCP en el contexto del ejercicio físico y aportar evidencias sobre la validez de sus mediciones. El trabajo instrumental incluyó tres estudios independientes. El primer estudio consistió en la elaboración y evaluación cualitativa de los ítems. En el segundo estudio se analizó la estructura factorial mediante procedimientos exploratorios y se mostró que la fiabilidad de las mediciones era adecuada. El tercer estudio aportó evidencias sobre la dimensionalidad del inventario. El análisis factorial confirmatorio avaló la estabilidad de la estructura factorial propuesta por la TCP, así como aportó evidencias de validez interna del instrumento. También se aportan evidencias de su validez externa (AU)